Yehouda Enzel
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 5601220 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Yehouda Enzel |
| PRENOMES | Yehouda |
| SOBRENOME | Enzel |
| ASSINATURA | ENZEL Y |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Hebrew University of Jerusalem |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8367-9255 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 12 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 28 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 1 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1992 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2019 |
| ÍNDICE H | 2 |
Mean, variance, and trends of Levant precipitation over the past 4500 years from reconstructed Dead Sea levels and stochastic modeling
A novel quantitative assessment of late Holocene precipitation in the Levant is presented, including mean and variance of annual precipitation and their trends. A stochastic framework was utilized and allowed, possibly for the first time, linking high-quality, reconstructed rises/declines in Dead Sea levels with precipitation trends in its watershed. We determined the change in mean annual precipitation for 12 specific intervals over the past 450…
Geochronology, paleogeography, and archaeology of the Acheulian locality of ‘Evron Landfill in the western Galilee, Israel
A multidisciplinary study was conducted in a newly discovered Paleolithic locality, named ‘Evron Landfill. This locality is a part of the Lower Paleolithic complex of ‘Evron located at the western Galilee, Israel. Examination of artifacts has enabled the cultural attribution of ‘Evron Landfill to the Early Acheulian, while detailed paleomagnetic stratigraphy places the hominin occupations near the Brunhes–Matuyama transition ~0.77 Ma. This age is…
Megalakes in the Sahara? A Review
The Sahara was wetter and greener during multiple interglacial periods of the Quaternary, when some have suggested it featured very large (mega) lakes, ranging in surface area from 30,000 to 350,000 km 2 . In this paper, we review the physical and biological evidence for these large lakes, especially during the African Humid Period (AHP) 11–5 ka. Megalake systems from around the world provide a checklist of diagnostic features, such as multiple w…
Increased frequency of torrential rainstorms during a regional late Holocene eastern Mediterranean drought
Identifying climates favoring extreme weather phenomena is a primary aim of paleoclimate and paleohydrological research. Here, we present a well-dated, late Holocene Dead Sea sediment record of debris flows covering 3.3 to 1.9 cal ka BP. Twenty-three graded layers deposited in shallow waters near the western Dead Sea shore were identified by microfacies analysis. These layers represent distal subaquatic deposits of debris flows triggered by torre…
Megalakes in the Sahara? A Review – Addendum
North Atlantic controlled depositional cycles in MIS 5e layered sediments from the deep Dead Sea basin
The drilled Inter-Continental Drilling Project core at the deeps of the Dead Sea reveals thick sequences of halite deposits from the last interglacial period, reflecting prevailing arid conditions in the lake’s watershed. Here, we examine sequences of intercalating evaporates (halite or gypsum) and fine-detritus laminae and apply petrographic, micro-X-ray fluorescence, and statistical tools to establish in high-temporal resolution the hydroclimat…
Quaternary of the Levant
Provenance of the Various Grain-Size Fractions in the Negev Loess and Potential changes in Major dust Sources to the Eastern Mediterranean
The isotopic composition of Sr and Nd and elemental concentrations (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al) of three primary Negev loess sequences trace the relative contributions of desert dust sources over the past ~180,000 yr to the southeastern Mediterranean. We focused on the geochemical signature of the fine ( 20 μm) grain-size modes of the loess to identify their respective provenances. The isotopic composition of the coarse fraction falls on a mixing li…
Systematic Mn fluctuations in laminated rock varnish developed on coeval early Holocene flint artifacts along a climatic transect, Negev desert, Israel
This study presents an assessment of the potential application of Mn content in rock varnish laminae as a paleoclimate indicator. To investigate the environmental controls on varnish formation, we determined Mn composition in rock varnish formed on flint artifacts produced during the earliest Holocene from eight coeval prehistoric sites in the Negev desert, Israel. These sites lie along a north–south annual rainfall transect ranging between 120 a…
Abrasion-derived sediments under intensified winds at the latest Pleistocene leading edge of the advancing Sinai–Negev erg
Quaternary desert loess and sandstone–loessite relationships in the geological record raise questions regarding causes and mechanisms of silt formation and accretion. In the northern Sinai–Negev desert carbonate terrain, only sand abrasion in active erg could have produced the large quantities of quartzo-feldspathic silts constituting the late Quaternary northwestern Negev loess. In the continuum of source (medium to fine sand of dunes) to sink (…
The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts
Soils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts ( − 1 ) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15–30 mm), but sto…
Recent faulting in the southern Arava, Dead Sea Transform
Sand dunes as a major proximal dust source for late Pleistocene loess in the Negev Desert, Israel
Grain size analyses of three hilltop, primary eolian loess sequences in the Negev desert, southern Israel, show a bimodal grain-size distribution at 50–60 μm and 3–8 μm. Using analyses of mineralogy and OSL ages we demonstrate that the coarse mode is composed mostly of quartz grains and its relative magnitude increases regionally with time, suggesting an enhancement of a time-transgressive proximal dust source compared to a distal, Saharan fine-g…
The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts
Holocene Paleoclimates of India
We present a comprehensive summary of the available palaeoclimate records from India and compare the results from different proxies. The results indicate (i) fluctuating lake levels during the early Holocene. The period of relatively higher lake levels from increased precipitation efficiency was reached only ∼7.2–6.0 cal kyr BP, possibly due to increased contribution from winter rainfall; (ii) the onset of aridity in NW India could have begun as …
Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea
Research Article| May 01, 2004 Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea R. Bookman (Ken-Tor); R. Bookman (Ken-Tor) 1Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Y. Enzel; Y. Enzel 2Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904,…
Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall
The Dead Sea is a terminal lake of one of the largest hydrological systems in the Levant and may thus be viewed as a large rain gauge for the region. Variations of its level are indicative of the climate variations in the region. Here, we present the decadal- to centennial-resolution Holocene lake-level curve of the Dead Sea. Then we determine the regional hydroclimatology that affected level variations. To achieve this goal we compare modern nat…
Is There Any Evidence of Mega-Lake Manly in the Eastern Mojave Desert during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e/6? A Comment on Hooke, R. L. (1999). Lake Manly(?) Shorelines in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Califor…
Is There Any Evidence of Mega-Lake Manly in the Eastern Mojave Desert during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e/6? A Comment on Hooke, R. L. (1999). Lake Manly(?) Shorelines in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California, Quaternary Research52, 328–336 - Volume 57 Issue 1
Lake Levels and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lake Lisan, the Late Pleistocene Precursor of the Dead Sea
Lake Lisan, the late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea, existed from ∼70,000 to 15,000 yr B.P. It evolved through frequent water-level fluctuations, which reflected the regional hydrological and climatic conditions. We determined the water level of the lake for the time interval ∼55,000–15,000 cal yr B.P. by mapping offshore, nearshore, and fan-delta sediments; by application of sequence stratigraphy methods; and by dating with radiocarbon an…
Precision of Calibrated Radiocarbon Ages of Historic Earthquakes in the Dead Sea Basin
The precise determination of the age of historical and geological events by radiocarbon dating is often hampered by the long intersection ranges of the measured data with the calibration curve. In this study we examine the possibility of narrowing the calibrated range of the 14 C ages of earthquake-disturbed sediments (seismites) from the Late Holocene lacustrine section in the Dead Sea Basin. The calibrated ranges of samples collected from seism…
Radiocarbon Chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea
Holocene sedimentary and geomorphic sequences from the Dead Sea region, Israel, are compared by correlation of more than 50 radiocarbon dates. The 14 C dates provided the chronological basis that enabled us to detect basin-scale events that are hard to ascertain in single-site records. This paper is the first attempt to compare different Holocene records from several sites along the Dead Sea, based on their chrono-stratigraphy. Included is the fi…
Holocene Earthquakes Inferred from a Fan-Delta Sequence in the Dead Sea Graben
The Holocene sequence of the fan-delta of Nahal Darga, in Israel, records deformation associated with earthquakes related to the Dead Sea Transform in general and to the Jericho Fault in particular. The fan-delta sequence is well exposed, and 20 radiocarbon ages help to date the earthquakes that are inferred from (a) displacement along faults, (b) liquefaction features associated with 11 separate sandy and silty layers, and (c) slumped allocthono…
Reconstructing low levels of Lake Lisan by correlating fan-delta and lacustrine deposits
Relief Inversion in the Avrona Playa as Evidence of Large-Magnitude Historical Earthquakes, Southern Arava Valley, Dead Sea Rift
The Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in southern Israel is characterized by the absence of seismic activity in recent times. However, paleoseismic analysis of sediments in the Avrona Playa, a pull-apart basin along the DST, reveals that at least six M > 6 tectonic events have affected the Avrona playa in the last 14,000 yr. The recurrence interval of the events is approximately 2000 yr. Trenched normal faults and push-up ridge…
High-Resolution Holocene Environmental Changes in the Thar Desert, Northwestern India
Sediments from Lunkaransar dry lake in northwestern India reveal regional water table and lake level fluctuations over decades to centuries during the Holocene that are attributed to changes in the southwestern Indian monsoon rains. The lake levels were very shallow and fluctuated often in the early Holocene and then rose abruptly around 6300 carbon-14 years before the present ( 14 C yr B.P.). The lake completely desiccated around 4800 14 C yr B.…
Radiocarbon Chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea
Holocene sedimentary and geomorphic sequences from the Dead Sea region, Israel, are compared by correlation of more than 50 radiocarbon dates. The 14 C dates provided the chronological basis that enabled us to detect basin-scale events that are hard to ascertain in single-site records. This paper is the first attempt to compare different Holocene records from several sites along the Dead Sea, based on their chrono-stratigraphy. Included is the fi…
Precision of Calibrated Radiocarbon Ages of Historic Earthquakes in the Dead Sea Basin
The precise determination of the age of historical and geological events by radiocarbon dating is often hampered by the long intersection ranges of the measured data with the calibration curve. In this study we examine the possibility of narrowing the calibrated range of the 14 C ages of earthquake-disturbed sediments (seismites) from the Late Holocene lacustrine section in the Dead Sea Basin. The calibrated ranges of samples collected from seism…
Short-Duration Holocene Lakes in the Mojave River Drainage Basin, Southern California
Stratigraphic, sedimentologic, and pedologic studies of beach ridge and lacustrine deposits indicate that up to five times during the Holocene, shallow lakes covered Silver Lake playa in southeastern California for periods of years to decades. The two youngest lacustrine events (at about 390 ± 90 yr B. P. and 3620 ± 70 yr B. P.) coincide with the early and late Neoglacial episodes of North America. Increasing evidence in recent years from other n…
Accuracy of post-bomb 137Cs and 14C in dating fluvial deposits
The accuracy and precision of 137Cs and 14C for dating post-1950 alluvial deposits were evaluated for deposits from known floods on two rivers in Arizona. The presence of 137Cs reliably indicates that deposition occurred after intensive above-ground nuclear testing was initiated around 1950. There was a positive correlation between the measured level of 137Cs activity and the clay content of the sediments, although 137Cs was detected even in sand…
Flood Frequency of the Mojave River and the Formation of Late Holocene Playa Lakes, Southern California, USA
Perennial lakes lasting several decades occupied Silver Lake playa, the terminus of the Mojave River, as recently as 390 ± 90 and 3620 ± 70 BP. Flood routings from the Mojave River headwaters to its terminal playa, and water balance calculations for the resulting lakes, indicate that floods comparable in magnitude to the largest floods in the modern record must occur almost annually to generate and maintain perennial lakes. In contrast, the moder…
Late Quaternary Earthquake Chronology from Luminescence Dating of Colluvial and Alluvial Deposits of the Arava Valley, Israel
Luminescence ages help provide a time scale for recurrent surface ruptures on a normal fault in the southern Arava, Israel. The dated samples come from alluvium and colluvium along a fault scarp north of Elat. The ages, obtained mainly by infrared stimulation of sand-size potassium feldspar grains, accord with geomorphic age estimates from soils and degraded scarps. Four large earthquakes occurred between 37,000 and 14,000 yr ago. Five smaller ea…
Relief Inversion in the Avrona Playa as Evidence of Large-Magnitude Historical Earthquakes, Southern Arava Valley, Dead Sea Rift
The Arava Valley section of the Dead Sea Transform (DST) in southern Israel is characterized by the absence of seismic activity in recent times. However, paleoseismic analysis of sediments in the Avrona Playa, a pull-apart basin along the DST, reveals that at least six M > 6 tectonic events have affected the Avrona playa in the last 14,000 yr. The recurrence interval of the events is approximately 2000 yr. Trenched normal faults and push-up ridge…
High-Resolution Holocene Environmental Changes in the Thar Desert, Northwestern India
Sediments from Lunkaransar dry lake in northwestern India reveal regional water table and lake level fluctuations over decades to centuries during the Holocene that are attributed to changes in the southwestern Indian monsoon rains. The lake levels were very shallow and fluctuated often in the early Holocene and then rose abruptly around 6300 carbon-14 years before the present ( 14 C yr B.P.). The lake completely desiccated around 4800 14 C yr B.…
Holocene Earthquakes Inferred from a Fan-Delta Sequence in the Dead Sea Graben
The Holocene sequence of the fan-delta of Nahal Darga, in Israel, records deformation associated with earthquakes related to the Dead Sea Transform in general and to the Jericho Fault in particular. The fan-delta sequence is well exposed, and 20 radiocarbon ages help to date the earthquakes that are inferred from (a) displacement along faults, (b) liquefaction features associated with 11 separate sandy and silty layers, and (c) slumped allocthono…
Reconstructing low levels of Lake Lisan by correlating fan-delta and lacustrine deposits
Precision of Calibrated Radiocarbon Ages of Historic Earthquakes in the Dead Sea Basin
The precise determination of the age of historical and geological events by radiocarbon dating is often hampered by the long intersection ranges of the measured data with the calibration curve. In this study we examine the possibility of narrowing the calibrated range of the 14 C ages of earthquake-disturbed sediments (seismites) from the Late Holocene lacustrine section in the Dead Sea Basin. The calibrated ranges of samples collected from seism…
Radiocarbon Chronology of the Holocene Dead Sea
Holocene sedimentary and geomorphic sequences from the Dead Sea region, Israel, are compared by correlation of more than 50 radiocarbon dates. The 14 C dates provided the chronological basis that enabled us to detect basin-scale events that are hard to ascertain in single-site records. This paper is the first attempt to compare different Holocene records from several sites along the Dead Sea, based on their chrono-stratigraphy. Included is the fi…
Is There Any Evidence of Mega-Lake Manly in the Eastern Mojave Desert during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e/6? A Comment on Hooke, R. L. (1999). Lake Manly(?) Shorelines in the Eastern Mojave Desert, Califor…
Is There Any Evidence of Mega-Lake Manly in the Eastern Mojave Desert during Oxygen Isotope Stage 5e/6? A Comment on Hooke, R. L. (1999). Lake Manly(?) Shorelines in the Eastern Mojave Desert, California, Quaternary Research52, 328–336 - Volume 57 Issue 1
Lake Levels and Sequence Stratigraphy of Lake Lisan, the Late Pleistocene Precursor of the Dead Sea
Lake Lisan, the late Pleistocene precursor of the Dead Sea, existed from ∼70,000 to 15,000 yr B.P. It evolved through frequent water-level fluctuations, which reflected the regional hydrological and climatic conditions. We determined the water level of the lake for the time interval ∼55,000–15,000 cal yr B.P. by mapping offshore, nearshore, and fan-delta sediments; by application of sequence stratigraphy methods; and by dating with radiocarbon an…
Late Holocene climates of the Near East deduced from Dead Sea level variations and modern regional winter rainfall
The Dead Sea is a terminal lake of one of the largest hydrological systems in the Levant and may thus be viewed as a large rain gauge for the region. Variations of its level are indicative of the climate variations in the region. Here, we present the decadal- to centennial-resolution Holocene lake-level curve of the Dead Sea. Then we determine the regional hydroclimatology that affected level variations. To achieve this goal we compare modern nat…
Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea
Research Article| May 01, 2004 Late Holocene lake levels of the Dead Sea R. Bookman (Ken-Tor); R. Bookman (Ken-Tor) 1Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel and Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhe Israel Street, Jerusalem 95501, Israel Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Y. Enzel; Y. Enzel 2Institute of Earth Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904,…
Holocene Paleoclimates of India
We present a comprehensive summary of the available palaeoclimate records from India and compare the results from different proxies. The results indicate (i) fluctuating lake levels during the early Holocene. The period of relatively higher lake levels from increased precipitation efficiency was reached only ∼7.2–6.0 cal kyr BP, possibly due to increased contribution from winter rainfall; (ii) the onset of aridity in NW India could have begun as …
Sand dunes as a major proximal dust source for late Pleistocene loess in the Negev Desert, Israel
Grain size analyses of three hilltop, primary eolian loess sequences in the Negev desert, southern Israel, show a bimodal grain-size distribution at 50–60 μm and 3–8 μm. Using analyses of mineralogy and OSL ages we demonstrate that the coarse mode is composed mostly of quartz grains and its relative magnitude increases regionally with time, suggesting an enhancement of a time-transgressive proximal dust source compared to a distal, Saharan fine-g…
The climatic and physiographic controls of the eastern Mediterranean over the late Pleistocene climates in the southern Levant and its neighboring deserts
Recent faulting in the southern Arava, Dead Sea Transform
Abrasion-derived sediments under intensified winds at the latest Pleistocene leading edge of the advancing Sinai–Negev erg
Quaternary desert loess and sandstone–loessite relationships in the geological record raise questions regarding causes and mechanisms of silt formation and accretion. In the northern Sinai–Negev desert carbonate terrain, only sand abrasion in active erg could have produced the large quantities of quartzo-feldspathic silts constituting the late Quaternary northwestern Negev loess. In the continuum of source (medium to fine sand of dunes) to sink (…
The role of rare rainstorms in the formation of calcic soil horizons on alluvial surfaces in extreme deserts
Soils in similar geomorphic settings in hyperarid deserts ( − 1 ) should have similar characteristics because a negative moisture balance controls their development. However, Reg soils in the hyperarid southern Negev and Namib deserts are distinctly different. Soils developed on stable alluvial surfaces with only direct input of rainfall and dust depend heavily on rainfall characteristics. Annual rainfall amount can be similar (15–30 mm), but sto…
Systematic Mn fluctuations in laminated rock varnish developed on coeval early Holocene flint artifacts along a climatic transect, Negev desert, Israel
This study presents an assessment of the potential application of Mn content in rock varnish laminae as a paleoclimate indicator. To investigate the environmental controls on varnish formation, we determined Mn composition in rock varnish formed on flint artifacts produced during the earliest Holocene from eight coeval prehistoric sites in the Negev desert, Israel. These sites lie along a north–south annual rainfall transect ranging between 120 a…
Provenance of the Various Grain-Size Fractions in the Negev Loess and Potential changes in Major dust Sources to the Eastern Mediterranean
The isotopic composition of Sr and Nd and elemental concentrations (e.g., Na, K, Ca, Mg, Al) of three primary Negev loess sequences trace the relative contributions of desert dust sources over the past ~180,000 yr to the southeastern Mediterranean. We focused on the geochemical signature of the fine ( 20 μm) grain-size modes of the loess to identify their respective provenances. The isotopic composition of the coarse fraction falls on a mixing li…
North Atlantic controlled depositional cycles in MIS 5e layered sediments from the deep Dead Sea basin
The drilled Inter-Continental Drilling Project core at the deeps of the Dead Sea reveals thick sequences of halite deposits from the last interglacial period, reflecting prevailing arid conditions in the lake’s watershed. Here, we examine sequences of intercalating evaporates (halite or gypsum) and fine-detritus laminae and apply petrographic, micro-X-ray fluorescence, and statistical tools to establish in high-temporal resolution the hydroclimat…
Quaternary of the Levant
Megalakes in the Sahara? A Review
The Sahara was wetter and greener during multiple interglacial periods of the Quaternary, when some have suggested it featured very large (mega) lakes, ranging in surface area from 30,000 to 350,000 km 2 . In this paper, we review the physical and biological evidence for these large lakes, especially during the African Humid Period (AHP) 11–5 ka. Megalake systems from around the world provide a checklist of diagnostic features, such as multiple w…
Geology and Paleoclimatology Research (26 obras) · Geology (23 obras) · Geography (17 obras) · Paleontology (17 obras) · Holocene (15 obras) · Oceanography (14 obras) · Physical geography (14 obras) · Quaternary (12 obras) · Geomorphology (11 obras) · Structural basin (10 obras)