S A Barnett
Biographic Data
| ID | 5624700 |
|---|---|
| NAME | S A Barnett |
| GIVEN NAMES | S A |
| FAMILY NAME | Barnett |
| SIGNATURE | BARNETT S A |
| AFFILIATIONS | Australian National University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1894 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Biology and bafflegab: Dark versus bright words in the human sciences
Biology and bafflegab: Dark versus bright words in the human sciences
Biology and bafflegab: Dark versus bright words in the human sciences
If a reader familiar with the Book of Job were to ask today, ‘Who is this that darkeneth counsel by words without knowledge?’, the answer could often be ‘A popular writer on human biology’. Below I try to throw light on prominent instances of darkened counsel. Each bears on the roles of environment and heredity in human development. Although, for decades, most of them have been exposed as causes of error, each of the usages and statements critici…
Science
This dialogue arises from some of the issues exposed in Professors Fuller's recent book, 'Science'. It breaks the mould of the 'science wars', in which the idea of science as a search for objective truth has been questioned, by leaving room for compromise and agreement between the practitioners and interpreters of science. Through sustained, non-acrimonious discussion, the protagonists release the debate from its adversarial, science v. antiscien…
Nature reduced or enlarged? Phantom limbs, morals, and human freedom
Nature reduced or enlarged? Phantom limbs, morals, and human freedom
Humanity as Homo docens: The Teaching Species
Humanity as Homo docens: The Teaching Species
Teaching, instruction, pedagogy, showing other people how to do things – these are seemingly universal features of human action; yet they do not figure in conventional descriptions of 'human nature'; nor do they appear as prominent items in anthropologists' accounts of simple societies. It is appropriate to mark the tercentenary of John Locke's 'Some thoughts concerning education' by asking: what does this neglect signify
The Seville Statement on Violence
The Seville Statement on Violence
The Reductionist Imperative and the Nature of Humanity: Questions in Political Biology
Explanatory reduction has had vast successes in the natural sciences. Many teachers, students and others therefore take as an axiom that all biological phenomena, including human action, can eventually be fully explained by reduction to physics. They also readily accept other forms of reduction, in which human beings are described as though they were animals or passive carriers of genes. But these attempts to 'demystify' the human condition are b…
Enigmatic Death Due to 'Social Stress' A Problem in the Strategy of Research
During a social encounter, an animal falls down and dies without evident cause. How should we try to understand such a phenomenon? We may attribute it to an emotion, such as fear or humiliation. At the other extreme, we may try to reduce it to physiology – say, malfunction of hormones or the nervous system. We may relate it to the social structure of the species, or to effects of crowding and their ecological implications. It is also, in biology,…
Enigmatic Death Due to 'Social Stress' A Problem in the Strategy of Research
The theory of biology and the education of biologists: A case study
A set of questions on evolutionary theory and the philosophy of biology was given to students of zoology at three levels: third-year undergraduates (23); fourth year, honours (13); graduates (25). Answering was voluntary. The responses were assessed independently by a zoologist, an educator and a philosopher. None of the students failed conventional courses, but each author ‘failed ̊s nearly half the students; sixteen were ‘failed ̊s by all three…
The Extended Phenotype
The Extended Phenotype
Further experiments on the social interactions of domestic “Norway” rats
Domestic rats, Rattus norvegicus, aged nearly one year, were studied in artificial colonies in large cages with attached nest boxes. As in previous experiments on younger domestic rats, but not those on wild rats, the colonies were peaceful. Questions concerning the “aggressive” or “agonistic” behavior of domestic rats are further discussed.
Pull and push in educational innovation: Study of an interfaculty programme
As specialists become more specialised, increasing demands are made for curricula in the universities which relate scientific evidence to the demands of decision-making. A multidisciplinary or holistic course in human sciences has therefore been introduced in the Australian National University, and has been the subject of detailed research. The students study problems each of which can be solved only by applying principles and methods of many dis…
Cooperation, Conflict, Crowding and Stress: An Essay on Method
The science of animal behaviour is still evolving from its pre-scientific past. It rests on exact description, but is an experimental discipline. Techniques of experiment and mathematical procedures are well advanced; but, in Wittgenstein's phrase, 'conceptual confusion' remains. The confusion is especially prominent in the analysis of social behaviour. It is worst when generalizations are extended to man.In this review I discuss, in an ethologic…
Genotype and environment in the social interactions of wild and domestic “Norway” rats
Wild rats, Rattus norvegicus, (a) trapped as adults or (b) of the second generation in captivity (lab-wild), and domestic rats of two strains, were studied for 28 days in artificial colonies in large cages with attached nest boxes. Controls were kept in mated pairs in small cages. Each colony consisted of six males and six females. The interactions of the males in six colonies of trapped rats were highly “stressful;” 61% died; and most of the sur…
Comportement, croissance et influences maternelles et génétiques dans l'adaptation de la souris au froid
Barnett S. A. Comportement, croissance et influences maternelles et génétiques dans l'adaptation de la souris au froid. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 2, 1979. pp. 147-160
The instinct to teach: Altruism or aggression
In this paper, the term ‘teaching’ means activities which induce a specific change in the behavior of a member of the same species, and are adapted until the pupil reaches a certain standard of performance. Teaching in this sense is confined to man, with one group of exceptions. Other forms of social learning are observed among the mammals and even the buds. The most important is imitation, or learning by observation. Teaching by other species al…
Notes on books
The town studied by the author is newly founded, and inhabited by North African immigrants to Israel.It is (or was in the 1960s) a peaceful place: the violence studied by Marx consisted of minor assaults, unsuccessful suicides and damage to property.As the late Max Gluckman points out in a foreword, the interpretation is in the tradition derived from Durkheim.The author emphasises the many social factors
Activity, Exploration, Curiosity and Fear: An Ethological Study
Socially induced renal pathology of captive wild rats (Rattus villosissimus)
Long-haired rats, Rattus villosissimus, were studied in large cages. Groups of adult rats (each of 3 males, or 1 male and 2 females) were observed during intermittent encounters with a male intruder for up to 9 days. Two further groups, each of 8 males and 8 females, were maintained for 70 days without introduction of intruders. Controls were kept in small cages in which intolerant behavior was rare. Behavior during attack resembled that of male …
Experiments on 'Neophobia' in Wild and Laboratory Rats
All rata (Rattus norvegicus), wild or tame, have a well-marked tendency to explore their surroundings. Wild rats, but not tame ones, also tend to avoid unfamiliar objects in a previously explored, and therefore familiar, area. The effect of environmental change on feeding was studied in three groups of wild rats. Bats of Group 1 were accustomed to feeding from a wire basket at the back of the cage; for them the change consisted of transfer of the…
Practicable Socialism. Essays on Social Reform
Cooperation, Conflict, Crowding and Stress: An Essay on Method
The science of animal behaviour is still evolving from its pre-scientific past. It rests on exact description, but is an experimental discipline. Techniques of experiment and mathematical procedures are well advanced; but, in Wittgenstein's phrase, 'conceptual confusion' remains. The confusion is especially prominent in the analysis of social behaviour. It is worst when generalizations are extended to man.In this review I discuss, in an ethologic…
Homo docens
The names we use for our own species represent general attitudes, many of which were adumbrated by the Greeks. Linnaeus called us Homo sapiens , or thinking man, and his image may be represented by Athene, the goddess of wisdom and my favourite deity. Equally justified is Homo faber , man the maker, represented by Vulcan or Hephaistos. Another aspect of man has been given confusing prominence recently; for man the warrior I have had to invent a n…
Pull and push in educational innovation: Study of an interfaculty programme
As specialists become more specialised, increasing demands are made for curricula in the universities which relate scientific evidence to the demands of decision-making. A multidisciplinary or holistic course in human sciences has therefore been introduced in the Australian National University, and has been the subject of detailed research. The students study problems each of which can be solved only by applying principles and methods of many dis…
Activity, Exploration, Curiosity and Fear: An Ethological Study
Science
This dialogue arises from some of the issues exposed in Professors Fuller's recent book, 'Science'. It breaks the mould of the 'science wars', in which the idea of science as a search for objective truth has been questioned, by leaving room for compromise and agreement between the practitioners and interpreters of science. Through sustained, non-acrimonious discussion, the protagonists release the debate from its adversarial, science v. antiscien…
Exploratory Behaviour
A critical analysis is presented of some features of exploratory behaviour, especially in wild and tame rats but also in other species. Such behaviour is considered in the light of certain general concepts, especially ‘appetitive behaviour’, ‘reactive inhibition’, latent or exploratory learning, and motivation. The avoidance of new things, displayed by wild rats, is also discussed
Practicable Socialism: New Series
Practicable Socialism. Essays on Social Reform
In What Sense Two Persons Perceive the Same Thing
Practicable Socialism: New Series
Philosophy and Probability
Exploratory Behaviour
A critical analysis is presented of some features of exploratory behaviour, especially in wild and tame rats but also in other species. Such behaviour is considered in the light of certain general concepts, especially ‘appetitive behaviour’, ‘reactive inhibition’, latent or exploratory learning, and motivation. The avoidance of new things, displayed by wild rats, is also discussed
Experiments on 'Neophobia' in Wild and Laboratory Rats
All rata (Rattus norvegicus), wild or tame, have a well-marked tendency to explore their surroundings. Wild rats, but not tame ones, also tend to avoid unfamiliar objects in a previously explored, and therefore familiar, area. The effect of environmental change on feeding was studied in three groups of wild rats. Bats of Group 1 were accustomed to feeding from a wire basket at the back of the cage; for them the change consisted of transfer of the…
Homo docens
The names we use for our own species represent general attitudes, many of which were adumbrated by the Greeks. Linnaeus called us Homo sapiens , or thinking man, and his image may be represented by Athene, the goddess of wisdom and my favourite deity. Equally justified is Homo faber , man the maker, represented by Vulcan or Hephaistos. Another aspect of man has been given confusing prominence recently; for man the warrior I have had to invent a n…
Socially induced renal pathology of captive wild rats (Rattus villosissimus)
Long-haired rats, Rattus villosissimus, were studied in large cages. Groups of adult rats (each of 3 males, or 1 male and 2 females) were observed during intermittent encounters with a male intruder for up to 9 days. Two further groups, each of 8 males and 8 females, were maintained for 70 days without introduction of intruders. Controls were kept in small cages in which intolerant behavior was rare. Behavior during attack resembled that of male …
Activity, Exploration, Curiosity and Fear: An Ethological Study
The instinct to teach: Altruism or aggression
In this paper, the term ‘teaching’ means activities which induce a specific change in the behavior of a member of the same species, and are adapted until the pupil reaches a certain standard of performance. Teaching in this sense is confined to man, with one group of exceptions. Other forms of social learning are observed among the mammals and even the buds. The most important is imitation, or learning by observation. Teaching by other species al…
Notes on books
The town studied by the author is newly founded, and inhabited by North African immigrants to Israel.It is (or was in the 1960s) a peaceful place: the violence studied by Marx consisted of minor assaults, unsuccessful suicides and damage to property.As the late Max Gluckman points out in a foreword, the interpretation is in the tradition derived from Durkheim.The author emphasises the many social factors
Cooperation, Conflict, Crowding and Stress: An Essay on Method
The science of animal behaviour is still evolving from its pre-scientific past. It rests on exact description, but is an experimental discipline. Techniques of experiment and mathematical procedures are well advanced; but, in Wittgenstein's phrase, 'conceptual confusion' remains. The confusion is especially prominent in the analysis of social behaviour. It is worst when generalizations are extended to man.In this review I discuss, in an ethologic…
Genotype and environment in the social interactions of wild and domestic “Norway” rats
Wild rats, Rattus norvegicus, (a) trapped as adults or (b) of the second generation in captivity (lab-wild), and domestic rats of two strains, were studied for 28 days in artificial colonies in large cages with attached nest boxes. Controls were kept in mated pairs in small cages. Each colony consisted of six males and six females. The interactions of the males in six colonies of trapped rats were highly “stressful;” 61% died; and most of the sur…
Comportement, croissance et influences maternelles et génétiques dans l'adaptation de la souris au froid
Barnett S. A. Comportement, croissance et influences maternelles et génétiques dans l'adaptation de la souris au froid. In: Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris, XIII° Série. Tome 6 fascicule 2, 1979. pp. 147-160
Further experiments on the social interactions of domestic “Norway” rats
Domestic rats, Rattus norvegicus, aged nearly one year, were studied in artificial colonies in large cages with attached nest boxes. As in previous experiments on younger domestic rats, but not those on wild rats, the colonies were peaceful. Questions concerning the “aggressive” or “agonistic” behavior of domestic rats are further discussed.
Pull and push in educational innovation: Study of an interfaculty programme
As specialists become more specialised, increasing demands are made for curricula in the universities which relate scientific evidence to the demands of decision-making. A multidisciplinary or holistic course in human sciences has therefore been introduced in the Australian National University, and has been the subject of detailed research. The students study problems each of which can be solved only by applying principles and methods of many dis…
The theory of biology and the education of biologists: A case study
A set of questions on evolutionary theory and the philosophy of biology was given to students of zoology at three levels: third-year undergraduates (23); fourth year, honours (13); graduates (25). Answering was voluntary. The responses were assessed independently by a zoologist, an educator and a philosopher. None of the students failed conventional courses, but each author ‘failed ̊s nearly half the students; sixteen were ‘failed ̊s by all three…
The Extended Phenotype
The Extended Phenotype
Enigmatic Death Due to 'Social Stress' A Problem in the Strategy of Research
During a social encounter, an animal falls down and dies without evident cause. How should we try to understand such a phenomenon? We may attribute it to an emotion, such as fear or humiliation. At the other extreme, we may try to reduce it to physiology – say, malfunction of hormones or the nervous system. We may relate it to the social structure of the species, or to effects of crowding and their ecological implications. It is also, in biology,…
Enigmatic Death Due to 'Social Stress' A Problem in the Strategy of Research
The Seville Statement on Violence
The Seville Statement on Violence
The Reductionist Imperative and the Nature of Humanity: Questions in Political Biology
Explanatory reduction has had vast successes in the natural sciences. Many teachers, students and others therefore take as an axiom that all biological phenomena, including human action, can eventually be fully explained by reduction to physics. They also readily accept other forms of reduction, in which human beings are described as though they were animals or passive carriers of genes. But these attempts to 'demystify' the human condition are b…
Humanity as Homo docens: The Teaching Species
Psychology (16 works) · Biology (10 works) · Epistemology (10 works) · Philosophy (10 works) · Political science (9 works) · Sociology (9 works) · Law (7 works) · Philosophy (7 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Law (6 works)