Karen J Maschke
Biographic Data
| ID | 5684883 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Karen J Maschke |
| GIVEN NAMES | Karen J |
| FAMILY NAME | Maschke |
| SIGNATURE | MASCHKE K J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Hastings Center |
| ORCID | 0009-0009-1069-0053 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 1 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Clarifying the Ethics and Oversight of Chimeric Research
This article is the lead piece in a special report that presents the results of a bioethical investigation into chimeric research, which involves the insertion of human cells into nonhuman animals and nonhuman animal embryos, including into their brains. Rapid scientific developments in this field may advance knowledge and could lead to new therapies for humans. They also reveal the conceptual, ethical, and procedural limitations of existing ethi…
Regulating Gene Editing in the Wild
The release of genetically engineered organisms into the shared environment raises scientific, ethical, and societal issues. Using some form of democratic deliberation to provide the public with a voice on the policies that govern these technologies is important, but there has not been enough attention to how we should connect public deliberation to the existing regulatory process. Drawing on lessons from previous public deliberative efforts by U…
Public Deliberation about Gene Editing in the Wild
Genetic editing technologies have long been used to modify domesticated nonhuman animals and plants. Recently, attention and funding have also been directed toward projects for modifying nonhuman organisms in the shared environment—that is, in the “wild.” Interest in gene editing nonhuman organisms for wild release is motivated by a variety of goals, and such releases hold the possibility of significant, potentially transformative benefit. The te…
Animals with Human Cells in Their Brains
In “Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities,” Julian Koplin argues against the views that all uniquely human traits have moral significance or that all the traits humans have in common with other animals “are morally insignificant.” He recommends instead the adoption of “a better framework for thinking about the moral status of part‐human beings,” one that emphasizes the “phenomenal value (or disvalue)” chimer…
Evidence and Human Genome Editing
In July, the United Kingdom's Nuffield Council on Bioethics issued a report on human genome editing in which it said that editing a human embryo's genome to reduce the possibility that the future child will inherit a genetic disorder could be ethically acceptable when certain conditions are met: the intended use of genome‐editing interventions secures and is consistent with the “welfare of the future person” and does not “increase disadvantage, d…
Making Voices Matter
Innovation Promises and Evidence Realities
Over the past year media outlets and scientific and bioethics journals have reported about several medical and scientific innovations touted as having the potential to fundamentally change not only how diseases and disorders are diagnosed and treated but even how to alter the genomes of future generations. The purported “miracle” blood‐testing technology of Theranos and the potential use of the genome editing technology CRISPR‐Cas9 to modify huma…
Investigator Experiences and Attitudes About Research With Biospecimens
To advance scientific knowledge about human diseases and effective therapeutic treatments, investigators need access to human biospecimens and associated data. However, regulatory and procedural requirements may impede investigators' efforts to share biospecimens and data within and across institutions. Although a number of studies have explored experiences and attitudes of study participants and others about biospecimen and data sharing, less is…
When Evidence Is Contested
In February 2014, BMJ published the findings of the twenty‐five‐year follow‐up of the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study. Data from this study indicate, the article reports, that mammography screening in women aged forty to fifty‐nine does not reduce the death rate from breast cancer “beyond that of physical examination alone or usual care in the community.” Based on these findings, the authors suggest it is time to reassess the valu…
Genomic Data in the Electronic Medical Record
A proof of principle pharmacogenomic translational study was used as a case example to explore Biobank Community Advisory Board (CAB) member views about placing genomic information into the medical record and to establish how CAB input could affect research design. CAB members expressed enthusiasm for the potential benefit of the research discussed, yet voiced concerns regarding the recruitment and consent materials. They discussed the value of g…
Proxy Research Consent and the Decisionally Impaired
Don't Say Goodbye
Gender in the Prison Setting
This paper examines litigation involving the privacy rights of inmates and the employment rights of male and female correctional officers. It asks whether judges reinforced gender stereotypes, whether victories for women were contingent upon their status as inmates or correctional officers, and whether victories were the same for women as for men. By analyzing the cases in the context of the gendered dimensions of prisons, the paper shows how gen…
From the Workplace to the Delivery Room
Employers and state officials are increasingly intervening into the lives of pregnant women for the purpose of protecting the fetus. This article examines fetal protection policies in three contexts: the workplace, the criminal arena, and the medical setting. It shows that the Supreme Court's recent decision in Johnson Controls was a narrow victory for women workers who were forced to comply with fetal protection policies in the workplace. It als…
Genomic Data in the Electronic Medical Record
A proof of principle pharmacogenomic translational study was used as a case example to explore Biobank Community Advisory Board (CAB) member views about placing genomic information into the medical record and to establish how CAB input could affect research design. CAB members expressed enthusiasm for the potential benefit of the research discussed, yet voiced concerns regarding the recruitment and consent materials. They discussed the value of g…
From the Workplace to the Delivery Room
Employers and state officials are increasingly intervening into the lives of pregnant women for the purpose of protecting the fetus. This article examines fetal protection policies in three contexts: the workplace, the criminal arena, and the medical setting. It shows that the Supreme Court's recent decision in Johnson Controls was a narrow victory for women workers who were forced to comply with fetal protection policies in the workplace. It als…
Gender in the Prison Setting
This paper examines litigation involving the privacy rights of inmates and the employment rights of male and female correctional officers. It asks whether judges reinforced gender stereotypes, whether victories for women were contingent upon their status as inmates or correctional officers, and whether victories were the same for women as for men. By analyzing the cases in the context of the gendered dimensions of prisons, the paper shows how gen…
Don't Say Goodbye
Proxy Research Consent and the Decisionally Impaired
When Evidence Is Contested
In February 2014, BMJ published the findings of the twenty‐five‐year follow‐up of the Canadian National Breast Cancer Screening Study. Data from this study indicate, the article reports, that mammography screening in women aged forty to fifty‐nine does not reduce the death rate from breast cancer “beyond that of physical examination alone or usual care in the community.” Based on these findings, the authors suggest it is time to reassess the valu…
Genomic Data in the Electronic Medical Record
A proof of principle pharmacogenomic translational study was used as a case example to explore Biobank Community Advisory Board (CAB) member views about placing genomic information into the medical record and to establish how CAB input could affect research design. CAB members expressed enthusiasm for the potential benefit of the research discussed, yet voiced concerns regarding the recruitment and consent materials. They discussed the value of g…
Investigator Experiences and Attitudes About Research With Biospecimens
To advance scientific knowledge about human diseases and effective therapeutic treatments, investigators need access to human biospecimens and associated data. However, regulatory and procedural requirements may impede investigators' efforts to share biospecimens and data within and across institutions. Although a number of studies have explored experiences and attitudes of study participants and others about biospecimen and data sharing, less is…
Innovation Promises and Evidence Realities
Over the past year media outlets and scientific and bioethics journals have reported about several medical and scientific innovations touted as having the potential to fundamentally change not only how diseases and disorders are diagnosed and treated but even how to alter the genomes of future generations. The purported “miracle” blood‐testing technology of Theranos and the potential use of the genome editing technology CRISPR‐Cas9 to modify huma…
Evidence and Human Genome Editing
In July, the United Kingdom's Nuffield Council on Bioethics issued a report on human genome editing in which it said that editing a human embryo's genome to reduce the possibility that the future child will inherit a genetic disorder could be ethically acceptable when certain conditions are met: the intended use of genome‐editing interventions secures and is consistent with the “welfare of the future person” and does not “increase disadvantage, d…
Making Voices Matter
Animals with Human Cells in Their Brains
In “Human‐Animal Chimeras: The Moral Insignificance of Uniquely Human Capacities,” Julian Koplin argues against the views that all uniquely human traits have moral significance or that all the traits humans have in common with other animals “are morally insignificant.” He recommends instead the adoption of “a better framework for thinking about the moral status of part‐human beings,” one that emphasizes the “phenomenal value (or disvalue)” chimer…
Regulating Gene Editing in the Wild
The release of genetically engineered organisms into the shared environment raises scientific, ethical, and societal issues. Using some form of democratic deliberation to provide the public with a voice on the policies that govern these technologies is important, but there has not been enough attention to how we should connect public deliberation to the existing regulatory process. Drawing on lessons from previous public deliberative efforts by U…
Public Deliberation about Gene Editing in the Wild
Genetic editing technologies have long been used to modify domesticated nonhuman animals and plants. Recently, attention and funding have also been directed toward projects for modifying nonhuman organisms in the shared environment—that is, in the “wild.” Interest in gene editing nonhuman organisms for wild release is motivated by a variety of goals, and such releases hold the possibility of significant, potentially transformative benefit. The te…
Clarifying the Ethics and Oversight of Chimeric Research
This article is the lead piece in a special report that presents the results of a bioethical investigation into chimeric research, which involves the insertion of human cells into nonhuman animals and nonhuman animal embryos, including into their brains. Rapid scientific developments in this field may advance knowledge and could lead to new therapies for humans. They also reveal the conceptual, ethical, and procedural limitations of existing ethi…
Political science (10 works) · Law (8 works) · Psychology (7 works) · Biology (6 works) · Biomedical Ethics and Regulation (6 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Politics (5 works) · Engineering ethics (4 works) · Sociology (4 works)