Oliver Chadwick
Biographic Data
| ID | 5706512 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Oliver Chadwick |
| GIVEN NAMES | Oliver |
| FAMILY NAME | Chadwick |
| SIGNATURE | CHADWICK O |
| AFFILIATIONS | Springfield Hospital |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 21 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Sediment contributing invasive dreissenid species in a calcareous shallow lake – Possible implications for shortening life span of lakes by filling
Although the ecosystem transforming impact of the invasive dreissenid mussels has been widely reported in short-to-mid time scale studies, little is known about the contribution of the spent shells to sediments accumulating on the lake bottom. The question whether the shell production significantly reduces the lifespan of the lake by increasing sedimentation rate is particularly interesting in those shallow lakes where the calcium supply is suffi…
Anthropogenic activities alter drought termination
Despite the increasing influence of human activities on water resources in our current Anthropocene era, the impacts of these activities on the duration, rate and timing of the recovery of drought events, known as the drought termination phase, remain unknown. Here, we present the first assessment of how different human activities (i.e. water abstractions, reservoirs, water transfers) affect drought termination. Six case studies in Europe were us…
Geohistorical records of the Anthropocene in Chile
The deep-time dynamics of coupled socio-ecological systems at different spatial scales is viewed as a key framework to understand trends and mechanisms that have led to the Anthropocene. By integrating archeological and paleoenvironmental records, we test the hypothesis that Chilean societies progressively escalated their capacity to shape national biophysical systems as socio-cultural complexity and pressures on natural resources increased over …
Anthropocene and streamflow
Since 1981, water allocation in Chile has been based on a water use rights (WURs) market, with limited regulatory and supervisory mechanisms. The volume to be granted as permanent and eventual WURs is calculated from streamflow records, if stream gauge data are available, or from hydrologic parameter transfer from gauged to ungauged catchments, usually with less than 50 years of record. To test the performance of this allocation system, while ana…
Anthropogenic drying in central-southern Chile evidenced by long-term observations and climate model simulations
The socio-ecological sensitivity to water deficits makes Chile highly vulnerable to global change. New evidence of a multi-decadal drying trend and the impacts of a persistent drought that since 2010 has affected several regions of the country, reinforce the need for clear diagnoses of the hydro-climate changes in Chile. Based on the analysis of long-term records (50+ years) of precipitation and streamflow, we confirm a tendency toward a dryer co…
The impact of fossil fuel burning related to scientific activities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Fossil fuel use associated with scientific activities in the Taylor Valley, Antarctic has been examined to determine the fluxes of particulate organic and elemental carbon and nitrogen as well as NOx for the 2015–2016 austral summer field season. These carbon and nitrogen fluxes are compared to our previously published calculations for the 1997–1998 austral summer. In addition, we compile fossil fuel usage and resulting C and N fluxes from the ma…
Senegalese artisanal gold mining leads to elevated total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in soils, sediments, and rivers
The largest source of global mercury (Hg) anthropogenic inputs to the environment is derived from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in developing countries. While our understanding of global Hg emissions from ASGM is growing, there is limited empirical documentation about the levels of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contamination near ASGM sites. We measured THg and MeHg concentrations in soil (n = 119), sedime…
Clarifying regional hydrologic controls of the Marañón River, Peru through rapid assessment to inform system-wide basin planning approaches
We use remote sensing to enhance the interpretation of the first baseline dataset of hydrologic, isotopic and hydrochemical variables spanning 620 km of the upper Marañón River, in Andean Peru, from the steep alpine canyons to the lower lying jungle. Remote, data-scarce river systems are under increased hydropower development pressure to meet rising energy demands. The upstream-downstream river continuum, which serves as a conduit for resource ex…
River linking in India
To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water a…
Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration
Roots and associated microbes generate acid-forming CO2 and organic acids and accelerate mineral weathering deep within Earth’s critical zone (CZ). At the Calhoun CZ Observatory in the USA’s Southern Piedmont, we tested the hypothesis that deforestation-induced deep root losses reduce root- and microbially-mediated weathering agents well below maximum root density (to 5 m), and impart land-use legacies even after ~70 y of forest regeneration. In …
Remains of the 19th Century
Since the onset of hydraulic gold mining in California’s Sierra Nevada foothills in 1852, the environmental damage caused by displacement and storage of hydraulic mining sediment (HMS) has been a significant ecological problem downstream. Large volumes of mercury-laden HMS from the Yuba River watershed were deposited within the river corridor, creating the anthropogenic Yuba Fan. However, there are outstanding uncertainties about how much HMS is …
Mineralogical and geochemical variation in stream sediments impacted by acid mine drainage is related to hydro-geomorphic setting
Acid mine drainage (AMD) discharge has severe, long lasting impacts on water quality and stream ecology in affected watersheds due in part to the dynamic relationship between toxic metals (e.g. Al, Mn, and Cu) and Fe(III) oxy-hydroxides. Localized areas of biogeochemical activity that can mediate mineralogical transformation changes and cause metal release are potentially linked to stream geomorphology. This relationship has not been previously c…
Agricultural productivity, household poverty and migration in the Indian Sundarban Delta
Deltas are highly sensitive to erosion, flooding, and salinization with consequential agricultural productivity losses and out-migration, which is a preferred adaptive measure for the inhabitants of deltaic islands. This study investigates the associations between agricultural productivity decrease, household poverty and the probability of out-migration in the Indian Sundarban Delta (ISD). Using newly collected survey data from randomly selected …
Drinking water salinity associated health crisis in coastal Bangladesh
Salinity intrusion in coastal Bangladesh has serious population health implications, which are yet to be clearly understood. The study was undertaken through the ‘Assessing Health, Livelihoods, Ecosystem Services and Poverty Alleviation in Populous Deltas’ project in coastal Bangladesh. Drinking water salinity and blood pressure measurements were carried out during the household survey campaign. The study explored association among Socio-Ecologic…
Widespread infilling of tidal channels and navigable waterways in the human-modified tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh
Since the 1960s, ~5000 km2 of tidal deltaplain in southwest Bangladesh has been embanked and converted to densely inhabited, agricultural islands (i.e., polders). This landscape is juxtaposed to the adjacent Sundarbans, a pristine mangrove forest, both well connected by a dense network of tidal channels that effectively convey water and sediment throughout the region. The extensive embanking in poldered areas, however, has greatly reduced the tid…
Biogeochemical characterization of municipal compost to support urban agriculture and limit childhood lead exposure from resuspended urban soils
Chronic low-level lead exposure among low-income minority children is an urgent environmental justice issue. Addressing this ubiquitous urban public health crisis requires a new transdisciplinary paradigm. The primary goals of this work are to inform best practices for urban gardeners working in lead contaminated soils and to reimagine urban organic waste management schemes to produce compost, which when covering or mixed with urban soil, could m…
River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
The Mediterranean basin (including the Black Sea) is characterized by a plethora of deltas that have developed in a wave-influenced setting. Many of these deltas are sourced in sediments by river catchments that have been variably dammed. The vulnerability status of a selection of ten deltas subject to different levels of reduction in fluvial sediment supply following damming was analysed by quantifying changes in delta protrusion area and protru…
Doomed to drown? Sediment dynamics in the human-controlled floodplains of the active Bengal Delta
The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (Bengal) Delta in Bangladesh has been described as a delta in peril of catastrophic coastal flooding because sediment deposition on delta plain surfaces is insufficient to offset rates of subsidence and sea level rise. Widespread armoring of the delta by coastal embankments meant to protect crops from flooding has limited natural floodplain deposition, and in the tidally dominated delta, dikes lead to rapid compactio…
Morphological responses of the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, to Hurricanes Rita
This study examines the morphodynamic response of a deltaic system to extreme weather events. The Wax Lake Delta (WLD) in Louisiana, USA, is used to illustrate the impact of extreme events (hurricanes) on a river-dominated deltaic system. Simulations using the open source Delft3D model reveal that Hurricane Rita, which made landfall 120 km to the west of WLD as a Category 3 storm in 2005, caused erosion on the right side and deposition on the lef…
Evolving deltas
Deltaic environments are often densely populated with high socio-economic values, and thus are hotspots of climatic, environmental and anthropogenic change. Large scale engineered structures, such as dike systems, have played an important role in shaping both environmental and socio-economic conditions in deltas, with such interventions more likely where there is a high population and a wealthy economy. Engineered interventions interact with the …
Food and nutrition security trends and challenges in the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) delta
The population of the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) delta is highly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition due to the specific environmental, climatic and human development factors affecting agricultural production and fisheries. To better understand the impacts of climate and environmental change on food security and nutrition in this delta, this study combines spatially explicit data from the 2007 and 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and H…
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Children with severe learning disabilities
This study looks at how services are used by children with severe learning disabilities living at home and explores the associated total and component costs. Multivariate and bivariate analyses are employed and the results interpreted alongside information on parents' perceptions of their children's needs for healthcare. There is some evidence to suggest costs were associated with greater needs but there is also evidence of under‐provision of for…
I Documenti diplomatici italiani, Decima Serie
1Selwyn College, Cambridge I Documenti diplomatici italiani, Decima Serie: 1943–1948, Vol. VII (15 dicembre 1947 – 7 maggio 1948) PietroPastorelli RomeIstituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato 2000lv + 891
Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie
Journal Article I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie: 1870-1896: vol. XXVI (15 dicembre 1893-31 marzo 1895). G Carocci [ed] Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 115, Issue 461, April 2000, Pages 489–490, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.461.489 Published: 01 April 2000
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Adolescent Turmoil
The concept of adolescent turmoil is considered in the context of findings from a total population epidemiological study of Isle of Wight 14–15‐yr‐olds. It is concluded that parent child alienation is not a common feature unless the adolescents are already showing psychiatric problems. Inner turmoil, however, as represented by feelings of misery and self‐depreciation is quite frequent. Psychiatric, conditions are only slightly commoner during ado…
The Examination Attainments of Secondary School Pupils Who Abuse Solvents
S ummary . A sample of 105 adolescents who had abused solvents and an equal number of controls matched for school, school year and sex were identified by means of a two‐stage screening procedure involving (a) administration of a self‐completed questionnaire to approximately 5,000 third, fourth and fifth year pupils in 16 secondary schools, and (b) individually conducted interviews. These two groups were followed up at the end of their final year …
Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie, 1870-1896
Journal Article I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie, 1870-1896: Vol. xx (26 luglio 1886 - 30 luglio 1887). E del Vecchio [ed] Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 114, Issue 459, November 1999, Page 1352, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.459.1352 Published: 01 November 1999
Shorter notice. I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani. Decima Serie
Journal Article Shorter notice. I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani. Decima Serie: 1943-1948: Vol V (2 febbraio-30 maggio 1947). Ennio di Nolfo Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 114, Issue 458, September 1999, Pages 1028–1029, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.458.1028 Published: 01 September 1999
Shorter notice. I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani. Ottava serie
Journal Article I Documenti Diplomatici Italiani. Ottava serie: 1935-1939: Vol. VII (1 luglio-31 dicembre 1937). G André [ed] Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 114, Issue 459, November 1999, Page 1373, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.459.1373 Published: 01 November 1999
Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie
Journal Article Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie: 1870-1896. Vol. XIX. E Del Vecchio [ed.] Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 114, Issue 456, April 1999, Page 480, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.456.480 Published: 01 April 1999
Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Decima Serie
Accepted
Shorter notice. I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie
Journal Article I documenti diplomatici italiani. Seconda serie: 1870-1896: vol. XXVI (15 dicembre 1893-31 marzo 1895). G Carocci [ed] Get access O Chadwick O Chadwick Selwyn College, Cambridge, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 115, Issue 461, April 2000, Pages 489–490, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/115.461.489 Published: 01 April 2000
Children with severe learning disabilities
This study looks at how services are used by children with severe learning disabilities living at home and explores the associated total and component costs. Multivariate and bivariate analyses are employed and the results interpreted alongside information on parents' perceptions of their children's needs for healthcare. There is some evidence to suggest costs were associated with greater needs but there is also evidence of under‐provision of for…
I Documenti diplomatici italiani, Decima Serie
1Selwyn College, Cambridge I Documenti diplomatici italiani, Decima Serie: 1943–1948, Vol. VII (15 dicembre 1947 – 7 maggio 1948) PietroPastorelli RomeIstituto Poligrafico e Zecca dello Stato 2000lv + 891
Pacific islands in the Anthropocene
Although the islands of remote Oceania were among the last places reached by humanity, many islands entered the Anthropocene early. Extinctions -some caused by the first people to discover islands -have been far more frequent on islands than continents, and the intensity and consequences of human-caused biological invasion, deforestation, and landscape alteration have been substantially greater as well At the same time, islands provide a useful m…
Widespread infilling of tidal channels and navigable waterways in the human-modified tidal deltaplain of southwest Bangladesh
Since the 1960s, ~5000 km2 of tidal deltaplain in southwest Bangladesh has been embanked and converted to densely inhabited, agricultural islands (i.e., polders). This landscape is juxtaposed to the adjacent Sundarbans, a pristine mangrove forest, both well connected by a dense network of tidal channels that effectively convey water and sediment throughout the region. The extensive embanking in poldered areas, however, has greatly reduced the tid…
Biogeochemical characterization of municipal compost to support urban agriculture and limit childhood lead exposure from resuspended urban soils
Chronic low-level lead exposure among low-income minority children is an urgent environmental justice issue. Addressing this ubiquitous urban public health crisis requires a new transdisciplinary paradigm. The primary goals of this work are to inform best practices for urban gardeners working in lead contaminated soils and to reimagine urban organic waste management schemes to produce compost, which when covering or mixed with urban soil, could m…
River delta shoreline reworking and erosion in the Mediterranean and Black Seas
The Mediterranean basin (including the Black Sea) is characterized by a plethora of deltas that have developed in a wave-influenced setting. Many of these deltas are sourced in sediments by river catchments that have been variably dammed. The vulnerability status of a selection of ten deltas subject to different levels of reduction in fluvial sediment supply following damming was analysed by quantifying changes in delta protrusion area and protru…
Doomed to drown? Sediment dynamics in the human-controlled floodplains of the active Bengal Delta
The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (Bengal) Delta in Bangladesh has been described as a delta in peril of catastrophic coastal flooding because sediment deposition on delta plain surfaces is insufficient to offset rates of subsidence and sea level rise. Widespread armoring of the delta by coastal embankments meant to protect crops from flooding has limited natural floodplain deposition, and in the tidally dominated delta, dikes lead to rapid compactio…
Morphological responses of the Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, to Hurricanes Rita
This study examines the morphodynamic response of a deltaic system to extreme weather events. The Wax Lake Delta (WLD) in Louisiana, USA, is used to illustrate the impact of extreme events (hurricanes) on a river-dominated deltaic system. Simulations using the open source Delft3D model reveal that Hurricane Rita, which made landfall 120 km to the west of WLD as a Category 3 storm in 2005, caused erosion on the right side and deposition on the lef…
Evolving deltas
Deltaic environments are often densely populated with high socio-economic values, and thus are hotspots of climatic, environmental and anthropogenic change. Large scale engineered structures, such as dike systems, have played an important role in shaping both environmental and socio-economic conditions in deltas, with such interventions more likely where there is a high population and a wealthy economy. Engineered interventions interact with the …
Food and nutrition security trends and challenges in the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) delta
The population of the Ganges Brahmaputra Meghna (GBM) delta is highly vulnerable to food insecurity and malnutrition due to the specific environmental, climatic and human development factors affecting agricultural production and fisheries. To better understand the impacts of climate and environmental change on food security and nutrition in this delta, this study combines spatially explicit data from the 2007 and 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and H…
Anthropogenic drying in central-southern Chile evidenced by long-term observations and climate model simulations
The socio-ecological sensitivity to water deficits makes Chile highly vulnerable to global change. New evidence of a multi-decadal drying trend and the impacts of a persistent drought that since 2010 has affected several regions of the country, reinforce the need for clear diagnoses of the hydro-climate changes in Chile. Based on the analysis of long-term records (50+ years) of precipitation and streamflow, we confirm a tendency toward a dryer co…
The impact of fossil fuel burning related to scientific activities in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Fossil fuel use associated with scientific activities in the Taylor Valley, Antarctic has been examined to determine the fluxes of particulate organic and elemental carbon and nitrogen as well as NOx for the 2015–2016 austral summer field season. These carbon and nitrogen fluxes are compared to our previously published calculations for the 1997–1998 austral summer. In addition, we compile fossil fuel usage and resulting C and N fluxes from the ma…
Senegalese artisanal gold mining leads to elevated total mercury and methylmercury concentrations in soils, sediments, and rivers
The largest source of global mercury (Hg) anthropogenic inputs to the environment is derived from artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) activities in developing countries. While our understanding of global Hg emissions from ASGM is growing, there is limited empirical documentation about the levels of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) contamination near ASGM sites. We measured THg and MeHg concentrations in soil (n = 119), sedime…
Clarifying regional hydrologic controls of the Marañón River, Peru through rapid assessment to inform system-wide basin planning approaches
We use remote sensing to enhance the interpretation of the first baseline dataset of hydrologic, isotopic and hydrochemical variables spanning 620 km of the upper Marañón River, in Andean Peru, from the steep alpine canyons to the lower lying jungle. Remote, data-scarce river systems are under increased hydropower development pressure to meet rising energy demands. The upstream-downstream river continuum, which serves as a conduit for resource ex…
River linking in India
To expand agricultural production and address water scarcity, India is moving forward with the National River Linking Project (NRLP), which will connect 44 rivers via 9,600 km of canals. Here, we compile the first complete database of proposed NRLP dams, reservoirs and canals, including operating schedules for Himalayan infrastructure. We evaluate potential NRLP-derived changes to mean annual water discharge for 29 rivers and mean monthly water a…
Loss of deep roots limits biogenic agents of soil development that are only partially restored by decades of forest regeneration
Roots and associated microbes generate acid-forming CO2 and organic acids and accelerate mineral weathering deep within Earth’s critical zone (CZ). At the Calhoun CZ Observatory in the USA’s Southern Piedmont, we tested the hypothesis that deforestation-induced deep root losses reduce root- and microbially-mediated weathering agents well below maximum root density (to 5 m), and impart land-use legacies even after ~70 y of forest regeneration. In …
Remains of the 19th Century
Since the onset of hydraulic gold mining in California’s Sierra Nevada foothills in 1852, the environmental damage caused by displacement and storage of hydraulic mining sediment (HMS) has been a significant ecological problem downstream. Large volumes of mercury-laden HMS from the Yuba River watershed were deposited within the river corridor, creating the anthropogenic Yuba Fan. However, there are outstanding uncertainties about how much HMS is …
Environmental Science (15 works) · Geology (15 works) · Ecology (14 works) · Geography (14 works) · Biology (8 works) · Geomorphology (8 works) · Oceanography (8 works) · Sediment (8 works) · History (7 works) · Humanities (7 works)