A Furnham
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 57083 |
|---|---|
| NOME | A Furnham |
| PRENOMES | A |
| SOBRENOME | Furnham |
| ASSINATURA | FURNHAM A |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7545-8532 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 351 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1184 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 351 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1980 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Strategic Selves
Self-presentation theory suggests people strategically adjust trait displays to meet evaluative goals, meaning faking can sometimes enhance the link between scores and real-world performance. We tested this in a large-scale military selection field experiment ( N = 1,133) by manipulating the salience of self-presentation motives during personality assessment. We examined how varying the salience of self-presentation affects personality trait leve…
The dark side of workplace personality
This exploratory study examined demographic, self-esteem, and work-personality correlates of a measure of Horney's Neurotic Needs: Moving Away (Detachment), Moving Against (Aggression), and Moving Toward (Compliance) Others. In all, 319 adults completed the Horney-Coolidge Tri-dimensional Inventory (HCTI), High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI), and a short measure of self-esteem. The internal reliability of all main factors was satisfactory. Corr…
Identifying demographic and personality correlates of public speaking anxiety among adult workers
This paper examines demographic, self-esteem and personality correlates of Public Speaking Anxiety. In all 1049 working adults indicated how anxious they were in giving speeches in public and they also filled out the High Potential Trait Indicator (HPTI). We used correlations and regressions to explore the relationship between the independent variables and Public Speaking Anxiety. Our multiple regression indicated five significant factors that ac…
The influence of idealised and non-idealised models on the effectiveness of advertisements and body appreciation in females
As social media advertising becomes increasingly influential, understanding the impact of different model representations on both consumer attitudes and body image is crucial. This study extends the existing literature by investigating the effects of using different sized models in social media advertising, examining the impact of the advertisements on body appreciation, and using memory and brand attitude as measures of advertisement effectivene…
The proactive personality
This study set out to establish to what extent demographic, ideological, self-esteem and work-related personality traits are correlated with the Proactive Personality (PP)? In all, 389 working adults completed a number of questionnaires including the well-established PP measure and a work-related, six trait measure. They also indicated whether they were junior, middle, senior or non-managers. Correlations and regressions showed that neither demog…
The perceived usefulness of a degree as a function of discipline
Over 500 British respondents rated the extent to which a degree in 35 different subjects/disciplines (Anthropology to Zoology) would lead to useful skills acquisition and thence a well-paid job. These ratings factored into five groups: Social/Applied Natural Sciences and Humanities; Professional and Applied STEM; Languages; People and Information Management; and Pure Science. These ratings were then related to eight individual difference variable…
Correlates of Parenting Style
This study explored a longitudinal data-base that assessed a set of psychological and socio-demographic factors associated with parenting styles in a sample of 1,053 parents (55% mothers) with a mean age of 41.2 years ( SD = 6.7) who had children aged 10 years. We were interested in the correlates of three distinct parenting styles: Authoritative, Authoritarian, and Permissive Parenting (criterion variables), along with the various predictor vari…
The complex relationship between number of languages spoken and individuals’ personality, self-esteem and ideology
The Dark Side of Conventionalism
There are many psychological concepts associated with sociopolitical conventionalism and conservatism, including authoritarianism, dogmatism and ethnocentrism. In this study, we examine dark-side personality trait correlates of two values/motives associated with conservatism: tradition and security. In all, 2,279 adults completed a measure of values (Motives, Values and Preferences Inventory) and one of dark-side personality (Hogan Development Su…
Parental social status, parent–child relationship quality, and maternal trait emotional stability as predictors of children’s cognitive ability at age 7 years
This study explored a longitudinal dataset of 10,663 children (50% girls) to examine a set of psychological and socio-demographic factors that influenced children's cognitive ability (intelligence test scores) at the age of 7 years, using a large, nationally representative birth cohort. We set out to test a model based on the longitudinal nature of the data which was gathered at three points in time. Results of correlational analyses showed that …
Predicting adult literacy and numeracy
This study investigates factors that predict adult literacy and numeracy using a large, stratified, and nationally representative sample of 5397 adults (48.6 % females) in the UK. Results showed that parental social status (at birth), childhood intelligence (at age 10), teenage internal locus of control (at age 16), educational qualifications and occupational levels (at ages 26 and 30) were all significantly and positively associated with adult l…
Who's Interested in Global Warming
We report on a study of the correlates of attitude to global warming (GW). We build on prior research on the role of demographic variables, personality, and political orientation in predicting attitude to GW. We argue dispositional optimism should increase willingness to treat GW seriously, via its impact on active coping behaviors and reducing cognitive avoidance in the face of anxiety, and that there should be an interactive effect of optimism …
Preferring to work from home
What sort of people like to work from home (WFH)? In this study 1185 adults from different sectors and countries completed a work-related personality test (HPTI) and a self-esteem measure as well as indicating their preference for WFH. Correlations showed that those who were less Adjusted, Conscientious, and Risking Taking showed a preference for WFH. The regression suggested the strongest indicator was sex, degree status, and trait Conscientious…
The Big‐Five personality factors, cognitive ability, health, and social‐demographic indicators as independent predictors of self‐efficacy
This study set out to examine to what extent a set of psychological, health and socio‐demographic factors are associated with self‐efficacy (SE) in a large sample of over 12,000 participants over a two‐year period. We were interested in the correlates of self‐efficacy (criterion variable) with gender, age, education and occupation, the Big‐Five personality factors and cognitive ability, as well as mental and physical health (predictor variables).…
Understanding how the presence of music in advertisements influences consumer behaviour
This study investigated how consumer behaviour is influenced by music's emotional valence (sad vs. happy) in advertisements. Female participants (N = 134) watched the same four advertisements with either happy or sad background music. The advertisements were split into two advertising breaks which were embedded in a television programme. Participants were tested on their recognition and recall of the advertised material, as well as their intentio…
Correlates of the Dark Tetrad
This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special), Machiavellianism (Crafty), Psychopathy (Wild), and Sadism (Mean) traits. In total, 447 adults completed three tests: a bright-side, work-related, personality test (HPTI: High Performance Type Indicator), a dark-side test (Short Dark Tetrad) and a number of self-ratings. Correlations and regressi…
“Never mind the fine print”
This study examined the interaction between attitude strength and the cognitive constraints imposed by the semantic properties of measurement items. It made use of digital algorithms and built on the semantic theory of survey response (STSR), examining how people who hold strong beliefs about contemporary issues violate cognitive constraints in expressing strong attitudes. We examined the beliefs people hold concerning attempts to hide, or cover …
Personality correlates of the five hindrances
Buddhist teachings describe five hindrances to meditation and personal development: Sensory Desire, Ill-Will, Sloth and Torpor, Restlessness and Worry, and Sceptical Doubt. We developed a new 25-item measure for these hindrances and examined their relationships with demographics and personality traits. A sample of 263 adults completed the measure, a six-factor personality assessment, and provided demographic information. The hindrances demonstrat…
Religiousness and the Big Five factors in a large British sample
This study examined the relationship between the Big Five personality traits and religiousness in a large sample where the majority of people were not at all religious. In all, 3869 British adults recorded how religious they were and completed a measure of the Big Five. Extraversion had a markedly different effect in terms of the odds of being non-religious compared to the effect on the level of religiousness. A standard deviation increase in Ext…
Personality and Interpersonal Influence
This study examined the relationship between personality and interpersonal assertiveness styles, an important and neglected topic. In all, 396 working adults completed a six-factor personality test measuring work-related traits (HPTI) and a two-dimensional assessment of interpersonal styles (III) assessing four styles: Assertiveness, Passiveness, Hostile aggression, and Manipulative aggression. We were particularly interested in the correlates of…
Exploring the Dark side of conscientiousness. The relationship between conscientiousness and its potential derailers
The current study aimed to identify what individual differences and situational variables cause derailment in highly conscientious people. Data were from a representative working sample of 716 participants across 27 industries, spanning both management and non-management roles. We tested four hypotheses with regard to bright- and dark-side personality traits and the relationship between boss/manager and staff member. Hierarchical linear regressio…
Sex differences in personality scores on six scales
This study examined sex differences in domain and facet scores from six personality tests in various large adult samples. The aim was to document differences in large adult groups which might contribute new data to this highly contentious area. We reported on sex differences on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI); the Five Factor NEO-PI-R; the Hogan Personality Indicator (HPI); the Motives and Values Preferences Indicator (MVPI); the Hogan Dev…
Just world beliefs, personal success and beliefs in conspiracy theories
Do those who believe in conspiracy theories feel less happy and healthy than others? Do they believe the world is simply unjust? This study was concerned with how demographic factors, personal ratings of success, personal ideology (political and religious beliefs) and Just World Beliefs are related to Conspiracy Theories. In total, 406 participants completed two questionnaires: Just World scale (Rubin & Peplau, 1975) and Conspiracy Theories Inven…
Peer nominations as scientometrics
Sex in the dark
This study examined sex differences in the scores on three different measures of the personality disorders (PDs) all derived from on-line surveys. Two groups (total N = 871) completed the Coolidge Axis-II Inventory which assessed 14 PDs; two groups (total N = 732) completed the Short Dark Tetrad which assessed 4 PDs; four groups (total N = 1558) completed the Personality Inventory for DSM-5-Brief Form which assessed 5 PD dimensions. Cohen's d aft…
Conspiracist ideation in Britain and Austria
Despite evidence of widespread belief in conspiracy theories, there remains a dearth of research on the individual difference correlates of conspiracist ideation. In two studies, we sought to overcome this limitation by examining correlations between conspiracist ideation and a range of individual psychological factors. In Study 1, 817 Britons indicated their agreement with conspiracist ideation concerning the July 7, 2005 (7/7), London bombings,…
Culture-Level Dimensions of Social Axioms and Their Correlates across 41 Cultures
Leung and colleagues have revealed a five-dimensional structure of social axioms across individuals from five cultural groups. The present research was designed to reveal the culture level factor structure of social axioms and its correlates across 41 nations. An ecological factor analysis on the 60 items of the Social Axioms Survey extracted two factors: Dynamic Externality correlates with value measures tapping collectivism, hierarchy, and cons…
Personality, empathy and attitudes to animal welfare
A total of 833 students completed a four-part questionnaire which measured demographic factors (sex, education, vegetarianism, religiousness), attitudes to animal experimentation, personality (Big Five) and empathy. Attitudes to animal experimentation factored into five interpretable factors, and multiple regression analyses were used to examine the extent to which demographic factors, personality and empathy predicted these. Sex, vegetarianism, …
Sex-Role Stereotyping in Television Commercials
Choosing alternative medicine
Personality predicts academic performance
A Content, Correlational, and Factor Analytic Study of Seven Questionnaire Measures of the Protestant Work Ethic
A review of the literature revealed seven, quite different self-report measures of the Protestant Work Ethic (PWE). This study set out to compare and contrast these different measures by content, correlational, and factor analysis. Over 1000 English-speaking respondents completed all seven scales. Content analyses revealed seven dimensions to the PWE measures, and correlational analyses confirmed this. Factor analyses yielded five readily interpr…
Economic Locus of Control
This study set out to examine the application of the locus of control concept to economic behavior and devise a scale to measure these beliefs. Based on other applied locus of control scales, a questionnaire was devised to examine these beliefs which was investigated psychometrically. The scale yieldedfour interpretable factors which were related to established scales. The scale that discriminated most concerned chance economic locus of control b…
The Expectations and Experiences of a Sojourning Temporary Resident Abroad
This study investigated the relationship between the expectations of a group of sojourning Americans before they came to England, and their experience 6 months after arriving. Nearly 60 Americans were contacted before leaving and completed two questionnaires, one relating to their expectations and the other a measure of mental health. These expectations were related to various demographic variables, especially mental health. After 6 months, a num…
Sociocultural adjustment of immigrants
Sources of Satisfaction and Conflict in Long-Term Relationships
In regard to nine relationships of 52 subjects, 15 sources of satisfaction and 15 sources of conflict were rated. Three clear satisfaction factors emerged, and there were two conflict factors. There was some evidence for universal sources ofsatisfaction-the shared-interests factor, although this was low for neighbors. Spouse was in a class by itself, with the highest scores on all three satisfaction and both conflict factors. The ratio of conflic…
The mental health of foreign students
Explanations for unemployment in Britain
Psychological studies on unemployment in the 1930's and the 1970's and 1980's have concentrated on the psychological impact of unemployment on such things as people's health, self‐esteem and social interaction. Furthermore studies have, not unnaturally, concentrated almost exclusively on the unemployed neglecting the employed altogether. Very few studies have concerned the range and determinants of lay explanations or attributions about the cause…
Gender Differences in Measured and Self-Estimated Trait Emotional Intelligence
Adolescents' Sociopolitical Attitudes
knowledge of politics; structure of political beliefs; generational differences in specific political beliefs; and various demographic differences in sociopolitical attitudes. This paper reports two studies- one on sex differences in sociopolitical beliefs, and the second on national differences. The first study showed numerous differences, with females being, overall, less conservative than males except on issues relating to religion and punishm…
Tourism and culture shock
Oppressive Beliefs at Play
In recent years, beauty ideals and practices have been explained almost exclusively using evolutionary psychological frameworks, to the exclusion of more proximate factors such as psychosocial and individual psychological variables. To overcome this limitation, we examined the associations among sexist beliefs, objectification of others, media exposure, and three distinct beauty ideals or practices. Across three studies, a total of 1,158 particip…
The saving and spending habits of young people
To B rexit or not to B rexit
We used an identities approach to examine voting intentions in the J une 2016 UK referendum on membership of the E uropean U nion ( EU ). In A pril 2016, 303 B ritish adults (58.7% women, age M = 34.73) indicated their voting intentions for the referendum and completed measures of identification with the national in‐group, perceived threat from Muslim immigrants, belief in I slamophobic conspiracy narratives, I slamophobia, general conspiracist b…
Extraversion
The relatively small number of linguistic studies in which extraversion is focussed on as an independent variable suggests that applied linguists believe it unrelated to speech production or language learning. We argue that this suspicion is based on a misunderstanding originating in the 1970s. Reappraisal of the literature suggests that extraversion may not be a predictor of success in second language learning but does affect both L1 and L2 spee…
Sex Differences in Parental Estimates of Their Children's Intelligence
The stereotyped portrayal of men and women in British television advertisements
The Role of Body Weight, Waist-to-Hip Ratio, and Breast Size in Judgments of Female Attractiveness
Attitudes Toward the Unemployed Receiving Social Security Benefits
Though there appear to have been a number of psychological studies done in the 1930s and 1970s on the consequence of unemployment, there seem to be very few studies on attitudes toward the unemployed receiving social security benefits or attitudes toward welfare in general. This study examined the effect of sex, education, and voting pattern of over 170 subjects on their attitudes toward people receiving social security benefits. Both education a…
Personality and voluntary childlessness
Cross-Cultural Locus of Control Studies
Over 30 cross-cultural locus of control studies were reviewed which yielded inconsistent findings. It is argued that this plethora of cross-cultural studies have neglected to match population groups sufficiently carefully and to consider the multidimensional nature of the concept, locus of control. The Rotter Locus of Control Scale was administered to three groups of South African nurses (African, European, Indian) who were carefully matched in t…
The goal structure of situations
An empirical method for analysing the goal structure within and between persons in different social situations is described. The method involves establishing the main goals of occupants of situational roles and then finding out how the different goals inter‐relate in terms of degree and type/direction of conflict and compatibility. Principal components analyses were carried out on ratings of importance of goals of those in different situational r…
Social Situations
This book not only documents the authors' own studies of real life social situations, but also provides an extensive review of other literature in this field. Michael Argyle and his colleagues are particularly concerned with the practical applications of situational analysis - to social skills training, mental health and deviance, intergroup behaviour, personnel selection and consumer research. In addition, by concentrating on situational variabl…
The relative contribution of verbal, vocal, and visual channels to person perception
Social difficulty in a foreign culture
Why are the poor always with us? Explanations for poverty in Britain
Psychological studies on poverty have taken two forms: an investigation into the psychological processes characteristic of the poor, and the nature and range of lay explanations for poverty. This study concerns aspects of the latter research area from an attribution theory viewpoint. Previous research in America and Australia has indicated that people tend to attribute poverty to societal influences, personal responsibility and personal misfortun…
Locus of Control and Theological Beliefs
Forty clergymen in the Church of England completed two locus of control scales after declaring their theological position on a fundamentalist-liberal theology scale. As predicted, it was found that “fundamentalists” were more internal in their locus of control beliefs than “liberals.” but this only applied to the Rotter scale. There was not a close relationship between the two locus of control scales. The results were discussed in terms of method…
The Protestant work ethic and attitudes towards unemployment
The literature on personal correlates of Protestant work ethic beliefs and the relationship between these beliefs and various aspects of paid work is briefly reviewed. A study is described which examines the relationship between Protestant work ethic beliefs and attitudes to unemployment. Subjects rated the importance of various explanations for unemployment in Britain, as well as their agreement with statements about social security (welfare) pa…
Self-Reported and Self-Attributed Scores on Personality, Social Skills, and Attitudinal Measures as Compared between High and Low Nominated Friends and Acquaintances
63 females were categorized as high or low in popularity on the basis of peer nominations. Actual and self-predicted scores on five personality scales showed some significant differences between close friends and acquaintances with high and low nominations
Explanations for unemployment in Britain
Psychological studies on unemployment in the 1930's and the 1970's and 1980's have concentrated on the psychological impact of unemployment on such things as people's health, self‐esteem and social interaction. Furthermore studies have, not unnaturally, concentrated almost exclusively on the unemployed neglecting the employed altogether. Very few studies have concerned the range and determinants of lay explanations or attributions about the cause…
Favouritism, fairness and joint profit in long‐term relationships
This study was designed to test a number of hypotheses about the use of FAV and other strategies as measured by the intergroup ‘matrices’ in four long‐term relationships‐with spouse, child, friend and workmate. Forty subjects filled in matrices giving three measures of self‐favouritism (FAV), and one each of fairness (F) and maximum joint profit (MJP), in relation to the allocation of money and time. It was found that FAV was not used for spouse,…
The message, the context and the medium
Cross-cultural differences in the perception of female body shapes
Synopsis Whereas in Western societies there is an inverse relationship between high social class and low body weight, the inverse is true of less developed, non-Western societies. It has also been shown that the longer immigrants have been in Western societies, the less obese they tend to be. This study examined how Kenyan Asian, British and Kenyan British females from similar backgrounds perceived female body shapes. As predicted, the Kenyans ra…
Employment and unemployment
The protestant work ethic, human values and attitudes towards taxation
Inflation and the estimated sizes of notes
Lay theories of delinquency
This paper is concerned with the range, structure and determinants of lay people's implicit theories of delinquency. The different explicit psychological and sociological theories were reviewed as were studies on lay beliefs about crime and delinquency. After pilot interviews in which people were asked to list what they believed to be the major causes of delinquency, over 350 people completed a questionnaire in which they rated 30 explanations fo…
Attitudes Toward the Unemployed Receiving Social Security Benefits
Though there appear to have been a number of psychological studies done in the 1930s and 1970s on the consequence of unemployment, there seem to be very few studies on attitudes toward the unemployed receiving social security benefits or attitudes toward welfare in general. This study examined the effect of sex, education, and voting pattern of over 170 subjects on their attitudes toward people receiving social security benefits. Both education a…
Attitudes towards the mentally and physically disabled
This study set out to determine lay people's attitudes towards disabled people while specifically avoiding some of the major methodological problems of previous studies. One aim was to determine whether attitudes towards disabled people differed as a function of whether the handicap was physical or mental, and whether it was observable (visible) or not. A second aim was to determine whether the sex of the respondent or the type/amount of contact …
The mote in thy brother's eye, and the beam in thine own
This experiment was concerned with the similarity between subjects' ratings of themselves and others, and their scores on various psychological tests of personality, social skills and beliefs. The literature on the accuracy of self-ratings, the acceptance of personality feedback, the accuracy of person perception and self-other attributional errors was reviewed. Sixty-three subjects estimated their own and a friend's score on five standard psycho…
The mental health of foreign students
The A type behaviour pattern, mental health and health locus of control beliefs
Sources of Satisfaction and Conflict in Long-Term Relationships
In regard to nine relationships of 52 subjects, 15 sources of satisfaction and 15 sources of conflict were rated. Three clear satisfaction factors emerged, and there were two conflict factors. There was some evidence for universal sources ofsatisfaction-the shared-interests factor, although this was low for neighbors. Spouse was in a class by itself, with the highest scores on all three satisfaction and both conflict factors. The ratio of conflic…
Many sides of the coin
Just world beliefs and attitudes towards the poor
This study aimed to investigate the demographic correlates of just world beliefs and their relationship to poverty. There were predictable differences in just world beliefs between people of different political opinions, faiths and occupations. Also just world beliefs were associated with negative attitudes towards the poor.
Psychology (315 obras) · Social Psychology (236 obras) · Social Psychology (128 obras) · Developmental psychology (124 obras) · Clinical Psychology (92 obras) · Personality (83 obras) · Sociology (80 obras) · Political science (64 obras) · Big Five personality traits (60 obras) · Psychiatry (59 obras)