Ian D Stephen
Biographic Data
| ID | 5709289 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ian D Stephen |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ian D |
| FAMILY NAME | Stephen |
| SIGNATURE | STEPHEN I D |
| AFFILIATIONS | School of Social Sciences Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 16 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 10 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 16 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
The effect of interpersonal distance and background context on trait impressions
People rapidly form trait impressions of other individuals that they encounter based on their visual appearance. Such opinions are made with consensus between observers, yet external factors can also influence judgments. Here, we investigated the effects of two potentially important external factors - interpersonal distance and background context - by manipulating these variables while participants evaluated life-sized whole-person stimuli. Parti…
Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages
Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of objects mentioned in sentences. Mental representation is often measured with the sentence-picture verification task, wherein participants first read a sentence that implies the object property (i.e., shape and orientation). Participants then respond to an image of an object by indicating whether it was an object from the sentenc…
Close encounters
Social appraisals reflect the rapid integration of available perceptual information with broader contextual factors (e.g., intentions). While interpersonal distance affects both information availability and social context, how it changes trait impressions remains unknown. Over four experiments, we used a novel paradigm to address this question. In Experiment 1, we assessed participants' attributions of attractiveness, competence, dominance and tr…
Do they 'look' different(ly)? Dynamic face recognition in Malaysians
Previous cross-cultural eye-tracking studies examining face recognition discovered differences in the eye movement strategies that observers employ when perceiving faces. However, it is unclear (1) the degree to which this effect is fundamentally related to culture and (2) to what extent facial physiognomy can account for the differences in looking strategies when scanning own- and other-race faces. In the current study, Malay, Chinese and Indian…
Facial shape provides a valid cue to sociosexuality in men but not women
Visual body‐size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance
Estimating the size of bodies is crucial for interactions with physical and social environments. Body‐size perception is malleable and can be altered using visual adaptation paradigms. However, it is unclear whether such visual adaptation effects also transfer to other modalities and influence, for example, the perception of tactile distances. In this study, we employed a visual adaptation paradigm. Participants were exposed to images of expanded…
Tinbergen’s Four Questions
Pathogen Load and Attractiveness
Short‐term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition
OBJECTIVES: Following predictions from life history theory, we sought to identify acute trade-offs between reproductive effort (as measured by psychological arousal) and somatic maintenance (via functional measures of innate immunity) during conditions of severe energetic imbalance. METHODS: Sixty-six male ultramarathon runners (ages 20 to 37 years) were sampled before and after a lengthy race. Saliva and sera were collected for testosterone and …
Diet quality and the attractiveness of male body odor
Health Cues
Carruthers on Massive Modularity
Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces
Appealing to Vanity
Fruit and vegetable consumption is inadequate among adults in the United States; this contributes to preventable morbidity and mortality. More effective dietary intervention strategies are needed. Recently, interventions that advertise the consequences of behavior for appearance have been successful in modifying sun-exposure habits and tobacco use. Such an approach might also facilitate dietary improvement. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruit an…
Whitehead et al. Respond
We agree that fruit and vegetable consumption is likely to confer health benefits by substituting refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and other foodstuffs that are unambiguously deleterious to health. We argue, though, that fruit and vegetables convey additional active benefits to human health. While it is true that trials have consistently indicated that the impact of antioxidant supplement intake is null or negative, these studies highlight …
Facial Skin Coloration Affects Perceived Health of Human Faces
Numerous researchers have examined the effects of skin condition, including texture and color, on the perception of health, age, and attractiveness in human faces. They have focused on facial color distribution, homogeneity of pigmentation, or skin quality. We here investigate the role of overall skin color in determining perceptions of health from faces by allowing participants to manipulate the skin portions of color-calibrated Caucasian face p…
Facial Skin Coloration Affects Perceived Health of Human Faces
Numerous researchers have examined the effects of skin condition, including texture and color, on the perception of health, age, and attractiveness in human faces. They have focused on facial color distribution, homogeneity of pigmentation, or skin quality. We here investigate the role of overall skin color in determining perceptions of health from faces by allowing participants to manipulate the skin portions of color-calibrated Caucasian face p…
Do they 'look' different(ly)? Dynamic face recognition in Malaysians
Previous cross-cultural eye-tracking studies examining face recognition discovered differences in the eye movement strategies that observers employ when perceiving faces. However, it is unclear (1) the degree to which this effect is fundamentally related to culture and (2) to what extent facial physiognomy can account for the differences in looking strategies when scanning own- and other-race faces. In the current study, Malay, Chinese and Indian…
Appealing to Vanity
Fruit and vegetable consumption is inadequate among adults in the United States; this contributes to preventable morbidity and mortality. More effective dietary intervention strategies are needed. Recently, interventions that advertise the consequences of behavior for appearance have been successful in modifying sun-exposure habits and tobacco use. Such an approach might also facilitate dietary improvement. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruit an…
Facial Skin Coloration Affects Perceived Health of Human Faces
Numerous researchers have examined the effects of skin condition, including texture and color, on the perception of health, age, and attractiveness in human faces. They have focused on facial color distribution, homogeneity of pigmentation, or skin quality. We here investigate the role of overall skin color in determining perceptions of health from faces by allowing participants to manipulate the skin portions of color-calibrated Caucasian face p…
Cross-cultural effects of color, but not morphological masculinity, on perceived attractiveness of men's faces
Appealing to Vanity
Fruit and vegetable consumption is inadequate among adults in the United States; this contributes to preventable morbidity and mortality. More effective dietary intervention strategies are needed. Recently, interventions that advertise the consequences of behavior for appearance have been successful in modifying sun-exposure habits and tobacco use. Such an approach might also facilitate dietary improvement. Consumption of carotenoid-rich fruit an…
Whitehead et al. Respond
We agree that fruit and vegetable consumption is likely to confer health benefits by substituting refined carbohydrates, saturated fats, and other foodstuffs that are unambiguously deleterious to health. We argue, though, that fruit and vegetables convey additional active benefits to human health. While it is true that trials have consistently indicated that the impact of antioxidant supplement intake is null or negative, these studies highlight …
Carruthers on Massive Modularity
Diet quality and the attractiveness of male body odor
Health Cues
Short‐term resource allocation during extensive athletic competition
OBJECTIVES: Following predictions from life history theory, we sought to identify acute trade-offs between reproductive effort (as measured by psychological arousal) and somatic maintenance (via functional measures of innate immunity) during conditions of severe energetic imbalance. METHODS: Sixty-six male ultramarathon runners (ages 20 to 37 years) were sampled before and after a lengthy race. Saliva and sera were collected for testosterone and …
Tinbergen’s Four Questions
Pathogen Load and Attractiveness
Facial shape provides a valid cue to sociosexuality in men but not women
Visual body‐size adaptation and estimation of tactile distance
Estimating the size of bodies is crucial for interactions with physical and social environments. Body‐size perception is malleable and can be altered using visual adaptation paradigms. However, it is unclear whether such visual adaptation effects also transfer to other modalities and influence, for example, the perception of tactile distances. In this study, we employed a visual adaptation paradigm. Participants were exposed to images of expanded…
Do they 'look' different(ly)? Dynamic face recognition in Malaysians
Previous cross-cultural eye-tracking studies examining face recognition discovered differences in the eye movement strategies that observers employ when perceiving faces. However, it is unclear (1) the degree to which this effect is fundamentally related to culture and (2) to what extent facial physiognomy can account for the differences in looking strategies when scanning own- and other-race faces. In the current study, Malay, Chinese and Indian…
Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages
Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of objects mentioned in sentences. Mental representation is often measured with the sentence-picture verification task, wherein participants first read a sentence that implies the object property (i.e., shape and orientation). Participants then respond to an image of an object by indicating whether it was an object from the sentenc…
Close encounters
Social appraisals reflect the rapid integration of available perceptual information with broader contextual factors (e.g., intentions). While interpersonal distance affects both information availability and social context, how it changes trait impressions remains unknown. Over four experiments, we used a novel paradigm to address this question. In Experiment 1, we assessed participants' attributions of attractiveness, competence, dominance and tr…
The effect of interpersonal distance and background context on trait impressions
People rapidly form trait impressions of other individuals that they encounter based on their visual appearance. Such opinions are made with consensus between observers, yet external factors can also influence judgments. Here, we investigated the effects of two potentially important external factors - interpersonal distance and background context - by manipulating these variables while participants evaluated life-sized whole-person stimuli. Parti…
Psychology (10 works) · Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior (8 works) · Attractiveness (6 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Biology (4 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Perception (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · Color perception and design (3 works)