HARRY M B HURWITZ
Biographic Data
| ID | 5709467 |
|---|---|
| NAME | HARRY M B HURWITZ |
| GIVEN NAMES | HARRY M B |
| FAMILY NAME | HURWITZ |
| SIGNATURE | HURWITZ H M B |
| AFFILIATIONS | Birkbeck, University of London |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 17 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1957 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Safety Signals and the Acquisition and Extinction of Lever‐press Discriminated Avoidance in Rats
Rats learned a discriminated avoidance response more rapidly when a safety signal occurred following an escape or avoidance response. Two extinction procodures were used: complete omission of shock or delivery of an unavoidable shock at the end of the warning period. Under the latter procedure, avoidance‐extinction responding was initially higher but subsequently declined to the same level as under the omission procedure. Under each extinction pr…
Response Specification and Acquisition of Free Operant Avoidance Behavior
In Exp. 1, 2 groups of rats were trained under a free operant avoidance schedule. The response was a press on a lever for Group BP (18 subjects) and a release of the lever for Group EP (22 subjects). Neither the rate of response nor the frequency of shock discriminated between the two groups, but there was a slight difference in the lever-holding time. In Exp. 2, 3 subjects were trained for 35 2-hr. sessions. In addition to the measures used in E…
Effect of a Successive Conditioning-Extinction Procedure on Light Contingent Bar-Pressing
The experiment tests conflicting implications of the conditioning and the facilitation hypothesis of the increase in bar pressing observed under light-onset contingency conditions. Female hooded rats were first given 5 operant test sessions. These were followed by 10 sessions under a successive conditioning-extinction procedure; thereafter, after each light-onset session two successive extinction sessions were given (12 sessions); Ss were then tr…
Some Properties of Behaviour Under Fixed Ratio and Counting Schedules
The effects on rate of response and on a measure of the sequential properties of the response array of two reinforcement schedules, specified in terms of two response classes, lever pressing and tray responding, were investigated. Observations were made under conditioning and extinction. Under both conditions animals (rats) trained by the counting procedure responded at a consistently higher rate but received fewer reinforcements. The results are…
Vicious Circle Behaviour Under Two Shock Intensities
An experiment is reported to investigate some of the procedural factors underlying the vicious circle behaviour (VCB) phenomenon, first described by Mowrer. By definition, VCB involves self‐punishment. Previous experiments had shown that under selected conditions behaviour resulting in self‐punishment does not extinguish. In the present experiment, two parameters of the behavioural situation generating VCB are examined: the intensity of shock and…
Light Onset and Food as Concurrent Reinforcers
In a previous paper (Hurwitz, 1958) an analysis of food-reinforced lever pressing by rats focussed on the notion that the lever-pressing response is but one element in a chain of responses terminating in food ingestion. The chain involves such components as moving toward the lever, pressing and releasing the lever (L), moving toward the food trough (which in our experiments is placed 5 in. from the lever), opening the trough (T), retrieving the f…
Effect of Amount of Food Deprivation on Performance of Non-Reinforced Responses
Effect of Amount of Food Deprivation on Performance of Non-Reinforced Responses
Light Onset and Food as Concurrent Reinforcers
The Effect of Illumination Conditions on the Effectiveness of Light‐onset as a Reinforcer
An experiment was performed to test a deduction from the Bevan‐Adamson theory of reinforcement, namely, that the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus (light‐onset) is dependent on the adaptation to background stimuli and an internal referent. Two groups of hooded rats (five in each group) were given seven half‐hour operant sessions in a dark and an illuminated box, respectively. A measure of the frequency of bar pressing and exploration of a c…
Studies in Light-Reinforced Behaviour. IV
To test the hypothesis that familiarization with the apparatus prior to light-onset increases response frequency, the scores of Group NL on their first day of light reinforcement (their sixth day in the apparatus) were compared with the performance of Group L on Day 1. Group NL, with a mean frequency of 66.91 responded more than did Group L with a mean of 24 re
Weight Loss of Rats During Prolonged Feeding-Fasting Scheduling
Weight Loss of Rats during Prolonged Feeding-Fasting Scheduling
Studies in Light Reinforced Behavior
Studies in Light Reinforced Behavior
Drive Strength and Adaptation to Stress
Support for the hypothesis that adaptive responses reduce the drive component in behaviour was found in an experiment involving two groups of rats placed, for different periods, in a water tank. After being detained in a delay chamber, the rats were allowed to escape after making a brightness discrimination. A discrimination reversal test was undertaken in order to establish whether the original learning had been affected by the length of the wat…
Discrimination and Operant Extinction
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Discrimination and Operant Extinction
Weight Loss of Rats During Prolonged Feeding-Fasting Scheduling
Weight Loss of Rats during Prolonged Feeding-Fasting Scheduling
Studies in Light Reinforced Behavior
Studies in Light Reinforced Behavior
Drive Strength and Adaptation to Stress
Support for the hypothesis that adaptive responses reduce the drive component in behaviour was found in an experiment involving two groups of rats placed, for different periods, in a water tank. After being detained in a delay chamber, the rats were allowed to escape after making a brightness discrimination. A discrimination reversal test was undertaken in order to establish whether the original learning had been affected by the length of the wat…
Studies in Light-Reinforced Behaviour. IV
To test the hypothesis that familiarization with the apparatus prior to light-onset increases response frequency, the scores of Group NL on their first day of light reinforcement (their sixth day in the apparatus) were compared with the performance of Group L on Day 1. Group NL, with a mean frequency of 66.91 responded more than did Group L with a mean of 24 re
Light Onset and Food as Concurrent Reinforcers
In a previous paper (Hurwitz, 1958) an analysis of food-reinforced lever pressing by rats focussed on the notion that the lever-pressing response is but one element in a chain of responses terminating in food ingestion. The chain involves such components as moving toward the lever, pressing and releasing the lever (L), moving toward the food trough (which in our experiments is placed 5 in. from the lever), opening the trough (T), retrieving the f…
Effect of Amount of Food Deprivation on Performance of Non-Reinforced Responses
Effect of Amount of Food Deprivation on Performance of Non-Reinforced Responses
Light Onset and Food as Concurrent Reinforcers
The Effect of Illumination Conditions on the Effectiveness of Light‐onset as a Reinforcer
An experiment was performed to test a deduction from the Bevan‐Adamson theory of reinforcement, namely, that the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus (light‐onset) is dependent on the adaptation to background stimuli and an internal referent. Two groups of hooded rats (five in each group) were given seven half‐hour operant sessions in a dark and an illuminated box, respectively. A measure of the frequency of bar pressing and exploration of a c…
Vicious Circle Behaviour Under Two Shock Intensities
An experiment is reported to investigate some of the procedural factors underlying the vicious circle behaviour (VCB) phenomenon, first described by Mowrer. By definition, VCB involves self‐punishment. Previous experiments had shown that under selected conditions behaviour resulting in self‐punishment does not extinguish. In the present experiment, two parameters of the behavioural situation generating VCB are examined: the intensity of shock and…
Some Properties of Behaviour Under Fixed Ratio and Counting Schedules
The effects on rate of response and on a measure of the sequential properties of the response array of two reinforcement schedules, specified in terms of two response classes, lever pressing and tray responding, were investigated. Observations were made under conditioning and extinction. Under both conditions animals (rats) trained by the counting procedure responded at a consistently higher rate but received fewer reinforcements. The results are…
Effect of a Successive Conditioning-Extinction Procedure on Light Contingent Bar-Pressing
The experiment tests conflicting implications of the conditioning and the facilitation hypothesis of the increase in bar pressing observed under light-onset contingency conditions. Female hooded rats were first given 5 operant test sessions. These were followed by 10 sessions under a successive conditioning-extinction procedure; thereafter, after each light-onset session two successive extinction sessions were given (12 sessions); Ss were then tr…
Response Specification and Acquisition of Free Operant Avoidance Behavior
In Exp. 1, 2 groups of rats were trained under a free operant avoidance schedule. The response was a press on a lever for Group BP (18 subjects) and a release of the lever for Group EP (22 subjects). Neither the rate of response nor the frequency of shock discriminated between the two groups, but there was a slight difference in the lever-holding time. In Exp. 2, 3 subjects were trained for 35 2-hr. sessions. In addition to the measures used in E…
Safety Signals and the Acquisition and Extinction of Lever‐press Discriminated Avoidance in Rats
Rats learned a discriminated avoidance response more rapidly when a safety signal occurred following an escape or avoidance response. Two extinction procodures were used: complete omission of shock or delivery of an unavoidable shock at the end of the warning period. Under the latter procedure, avoidance‐extinction responding was initially higher but subsequently declined to the same level as under the omission procedure. Under each extinction pr…
Psychology (17 works) · Developmental psychology (14 works) · Audiology (7 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Social Psychology (7 works) · Reinforcement (6 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Lever (5 works) · Physics (5 works) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies (4 works)