DENNIS H HOLDING
Biographic Data
| ID | 5709515 |
|---|---|
| NAME | DENNIS H HOLDING |
| GIVEN NAMES | DENNIS H |
| FAMILY NAME | HOLDING |
| SIGNATURE | HOLDING D H |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Louisville |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 9 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 9 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1962 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
The Effects of Noise and Speech on Cognitive Task Performance
In the present study, which is based on Loeb's 1986 analysis, we used five levels of noise that varied in intermittency and meaningfulness, crossed with sex of subject and time of day. Memory tasks that differed in their reliance upon long-term, short-term free recall, and sequential short-term memory were used as dependent variables. A total of 160 subjects, 20 per block, participated in the 2 x 2 x 5 (Sexes x Time of Day x Noise Conditions) exp…
Sharing Verbal and Visuospatial Resources in Working Memory
A digit memory task and a delayed visual aiming task were used in a test of resource capacity theories. These tasks were run either singly, with short- or long-retention intervals, or in pairs. In the dual-task conditions, the short version of one was inserted into the longer version of the other. Delay by itself had no effect on retention, but the dual-task combinations showed asymmetrical interference: Inserting verbal memory into the visual-mo…
Acquisition of Route Network Knowledge by Males and Females
Male and female subjects were tested for spatial ability and were shown slides depicting pairs of intersecting suburban routes. They saw each route either one or three times. Pairs of test slides were then presented, and measures were taken of the judged angle and direct distance between the two scenes as well as of the time taken to make the judgment. In addition, subjects made judgments of the travel distances and placed target locations on a s…
Toward Meaningful Noise Research
The present review considers a series of studies of noise conducted in collaboration with Dr. Michel Loeb. This review attempts to provide a theoretical perspective as well as to summarize the most important findings of those studies. The work reviewed shows that noise effects interact with other variables, such that a noise effect on one sex is reversed for the other, and is also reversed at different times of the day. A second experiment confir…
Choice of Non‐reinforcement Following Forced Alternation
Previous research has suggested conditions for the learning of the non‐rewarded instead of the rewarded of two alternatives. Two experiments were performed with a reconvergent maze, in which food reward depended upon passing through only one of the two pathways. Rats given a block of non‐rewarded then a block of rewarded trials chose predominantly the rewarded pathway during free‐choice extinction testing, but those subjected to simple alternatio…
Recognition Tests of Visual Information Storage
Using recognition rather than recall test procedures gives results which are inconsistent with the main features of the visual trace model for short‐term memory. Recognition efficiency does not deteriorate over time, although rapid decay is postulated by the model. Transposed letter rows are detected as often as rows which reappear at the same position in the test array, suggesting that the storage medium is not directly visual. The number of let…
Deutsch's Model Applied to a Conditional Maze
Rodents (mice) were rewarded for running over, but not for running under, an obstacle giving access to a final common path. On the basis of Deutsch's postulates it was predicted that the proportion of correct responses during test trials should depend upon the distribution of reinforcement during training trials; the proportion being high following block reinforcement, low following alternated reinforcement and intermediate in a procedure used by…
Guiding Deutsch's Model in Reverse
In order to test a prediction from Deutsch's ‘structural’ theory of behaviour twenty‐four mice were divided into three groups which were given twenty trials of ( a ) forward trolley guidance, ( b ) backward trolley guidance and ( c ) no trolley guidance, before testing for learning in a four‐unit Y‐maze. The results showed significant differences between these groups, the forward guidance being the most effective. These results are not consistent…
Transfer Between Difficult and Easy Tasks
The existing literature on unequal transfer between difficult and easy tasks shows that it is impossible to predict the direction of optimum transfer on the basis of the relative difficulty of the two tasks. The first experiment explores an absolute difficulty hypothesis to the effect that transfer might be greater from a point of optimum difficulty, whether to an easier or to a more difficult task; changes in difficulty were achieved by controll…
Acquisition of Route Network Knowledge by Males and Females
Male and female subjects were tested for spatial ability and were shown slides depicting pairs of intersecting suburban routes. They saw each route either one or three times. Pairs of test slides were then presented, and measures were taken of the judged angle and direct distance between the two scenes as well as of the time taken to make the judgment. In addition, subjects made judgments of the travel distances and placed target locations on a s…
Transfer Between Difficult and Easy Tasks
The existing literature on unequal transfer between difficult and easy tasks shows that it is impossible to predict the direction of optimum transfer on the basis of the relative difficulty of the two tasks. The first experiment explores an absolute difficulty hypothesis to the effect that transfer might be greater from a point of optimum difficulty, whether to an easier or to a more difficult task; changes in difficulty were achieved by controll…
Guiding Deutsch's Model in Reverse
In order to test a prediction from Deutsch's ‘structural’ theory of behaviour twenty‐four mice were divided into three groups which were given twenty trials of ( a ) forward trolley guidance, ( b ) backward trolley guidance and ( c ) no trolley guidance, before testing for learning in a four‐unit Y‐maze. The results showed significant differences between these groups, the forward guidance being the most effective. These results are not consistent…
Deutsch's Model Applied to a Conditional Maze
Rodents (mice) were rewarded for running over, but not for running under, an obstacle giving access to a final common path. On the basis of Deutsch's postulates it was predicted that the proportion of correct responses during test trials should depend upon the distribution of reinforcement during training trials; the proportion being high following block reinforcement, low following alternated reinforcement and intermediate in a procedure used by…
Recognition Tests of Visual Information Storage
Using recognition rather than recall test procedures gives results which are inconsistent with the main features of the visual trace model for short‐term memory. Recognition efficiency does not deteriorate over time, although rapid decay is postulated by the model. Transposed letter rows are detected as often as rows which reappear at the same position in the test array, suggesting that the storage medium is not directly visual. The number of let…
Choice of Non‐reinforcement Following Forced Alternation
Previous research has suggested conditions for the learning of the non‐rewarded instead of the rewarded of two alternatives. Two experiments were performed with a reconvergent maze, in which food reward depended upon passing through only one of the two pathways. Rats given a block of non‐rewarded then a block of rewarded trials chose predominantly the rewarded pathway during free‐choice extinction testing, but those subjected to simple alternatio…
Toward Meaningful Noise Research
The present review considers a series of studies of noise conducted in collaboration with Dr. Michel Loeb. This review attempts to provide a theoretical perspective as well as to summarize the most important findings of those studies. The work reviewed shows that noise effects interact with other variables, such that a noise effect on one sex is reversed for the other, and is also reversed at different times of the day. A second experiment confir…
Acquisition of Route Network Knowledge by Males and Females
Male and female subjects were tested for spatial ability and were shown slides depicting pairs of intersecting suburban routes. They saw each route either one or three times. Pairs of test slides were then presented, and measures were taken of the judged angle and direct distance between the two scenes as well as of the time taken to make the judgment. In addition, subjects made judgments of the travel distances and placed target locations on a s…
The Effects of Noise and Speech on Cognitive Task Performance
In the present study, which is based on Loeb's 1986 analysis, we used five levels of noise that varied in intermittency and meaningfulness, crossed with sex of subject and time of day. Memory tasks that differed in their reliance upon long-term, short-term free recall, and sequential short-term memory were used as dependent variables. A total of 160 subjects, 20 per block, participated in the 2 x 2 x 5 (Sexes x Time of Day x Noise Conditions) exp…
Sharing Verbal and Visuospatial Resources in Working Memory
A digit memory task and a delayed visual aiming task were used in a test of resource capacity theories. These tasks were run either singly, with short- or long-retention intervals, or in pairs. In the dual-task conditions, the short version of one was inserted into the longer version of the other. Delay by itself had no effect on retention, but the dual-task combinations showed asymmetrical interference: Inserting verbal memory into the visual-mo…
Psychology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (7 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works) · Artificial Intelligence (5 works) · Cognition (3 works) · Mathematics (3 works) · Neuroscience (3 works) · Statistics (3 works) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies (2 works)