FRANK M WEERMAN
Biographic Data
| ID | 5721227 |
|---|---|
| NAME | FRANK M WEERMAN |
| GIVEN NAMES | FRANK M |
| FAMILY NAME | WEERMAN |
| SIGNATURE | WEERMAN F M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-1547-3487 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 367 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 28 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Exploring the crime drop in European Union homicide rates using econometric modeling
In this study, we employ a newly developed time series econometric approach to investigate the development in crime rates in various members states of the European Union (EU) between 1968 and 2019. We propose a panel data model with stochastically time-varying factors that also includes country-specific effects. This model enables us to evaluate the existence of a common EU crime trend, including a crime drop, to describe how individual countries…
Hanging out on the streets and on the screen: Longitudinal analyses of the relation between online and offline time use and online and offline delinquency
We examine whether and how short-term changes in online and offline activities–in particular unstructured socialising - relate to changes in online (cyber-dependent, cyber-enabled) and offline offending. We analyse two-wave longitudinal data from 725 Dutch students in secondary or tertiary IT-education, employing hybrid models to distinguish within-person effects from between-person differences. Overall, results indicate that within-person change…
The Eurogang Definition: Context, Development, Scrutiny, and Debate (Including a Conversation with Malcolm Klein)
The Eurogang definition of gangs and troublesome youth groups is now regarded as almost a standard, used by many gang researchers around the world. However, the road to reaching consensus about this definition has been a long and thorny path, and methodological debate and disputes about its application still remains. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the context in which the definition evolved, the history of its development, the ration…
Radical networks and terrorist action: The importance of social relationships and network positions
In most models on terrorism, interaction with other radicals is a key factor. However, systematic empirical evidence that radical ties affect behaviour is scarce. Our access to detailed police information allows us to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) on a Dutch Salafi-Jihadi network and analyse the social relationships and network positions of 80 actors, out of whom 20 turned to terrorist acts. The results suggest that ties to leaders and terr…
The Strengths and Struggles of Different Methods of Research on Radicalization, Extremism, and Terrorism
In this editorial article, we introduce readers to a special issue of Studies in Conflict & Terrorism on the strengths and limitations associated with various data collection methods that are used in research on radicalization, extremism and terrorism. To date, overviews and special issues of methods in this field have mainly focused on technical and methodological aspects of data collection and analysis, while the more practical and personal asp…
A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effects of Community versus Custodial Sanctions in Youth Justice
Although community sanctions have become a popular alternative to custodial sanctions in youth justice, primary questions about the recidivism effects of community sanctions remain unanswered. The current study aims to fill this gap through a quasi-experimental analysis of 2-year recidivism differences between 4,425 youth subject to community sanctions versus custodial sanctions in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2016. Recidivism was analyzed in term…
Community sanctions in youth justice compared to other youth crime responses: A meta-analysis
This meta-analysis examines the official recidivism effects of two types of community sanctions in youth justice, namely community service and behavioural intervention programmes. Two analyses were conducted: a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and custodial sanctions, versus a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and dismissals. Following a systematic literature search, data extraction and analysis, mean effe…
Crossing borders: Does it matter? Differences between (near-)domestic and cross-border sex traffickers, their victims and modus operandi
Hardly any research exists that empirically compares (near-)domestic and cross-border sex trafficking. The few studies that do are based on relatively small samples and only represent US data. This study substantially extends the scarce scientific knowledge about the differences between the two types of sex trafficking, based on European data. Our sample consists of all 658 (near-)domestic sex traffickers and all 424 cross-border sex traffickers,…
The Putative Effect of Identity on Extremist Radicalization: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies
Can inner and outer containment counteract pulls and pushes toward delinquency? A test of Walter Reckless’s containment theory
The aim of the current study is to provide an empirical test of containment theory of Walter Reckless (1899–1988). The theory proposes that outer and inner containment hold adolescents back from delinquency even when external factors pull and push them toward it. This early control theory was ahead of its time, but never received the empirical attention it deserves. This article outlines the core theoretical concepts and the basic propositions in…
Understanding Changes in Violent Extremist Attitudes During the Transition to Early Adulthood
Hanging Out with the Wrong Crowd? The Role of Unstructured Socializing in Adolescents’ Specialization in Delinquency and Substance Use
The families of Dutch terrorist suspects: Risk and protective factors among parents and siblings
Newsmedia have regularly reported about acts of terrorism that involved members of the same family, but also about instances where one sibling becomes a terrorist, whereas the other becomes a successful, law-abiding citizen. The question is, then, to what extent family circumstances and individual risk factors impact on pathways towards these shared or divergent outcomes. To date, studies on the family characteristics of terrorist suspects have b…
Research on Neighborhoods in European Cities
This chapter provides an overview of European neighborhood studies of crime, victimization, and delinquency that were explicitly guided or inspired by social disorganization theory. Although the origin of social disorganization theory lies in the United States with a long-lasting tradition in urban research, considerable attention has also been given to this perspective in Europe, as well as in other parts of the world. In Europe, a long research…
Studying Situational Effects of Setting Characteristics
This chapter addresses methods to study situational influences of setting characteristics on adolescent offending. In particular, it describes data collection methods (space-time budget interviews, census data, community surveys, and systematic social observations) that enable precise measurement of what respondents do, with whom they undertake these activities, and in what kind of places (both the geographical area and the function of the locati…
Why Is Involvement in Unstructured Socializing Related to Adolescent Delinquency
The relationship between unstructured socializing (peer‐oriented activity without supervision) and adolescent delinquency is widely established and recognized, but less is known about why this relationship exists. The present study integrates the unstructured socializing perspective with insights from social learning theory and other theoretical perspectives on peer influence and empirically investigates four possible explanatory processes. The s…
Unpacking the Black Box of Peer Similarity in Deviance: Understanding the Mechanisms Linking Personal Behavior, Peer Behavior, and Perceptions
The strong correlation between measures of personal and peer deviance occurs with near “law‐like” regularity. Yet, as with other manifestations of peer similarity (often referred to as homophily), the mechanisms generating this relationship are widely debated. Specific to the deviance literature, most studies have failed to examine, simultaneously, the degree to which similarity is the consequence of multiple causes. The current study addresses t…
Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence
Journal Article Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence Get access Jacob T. N. Young, Jacob T. N. Young Direct correspondence to: Jacob Young, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 600, Phoenix, AZ, 85004. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank M. Wee…
Situational Causes of Offending: A Fixed‐effects Analysis of Space–time Budget Data
Situational theories of crime assert that the situations that people participate in contain the proximal causes of crime. Prior research has not tested situational hypotheses rigorously, either for lack of detailed situational data or for lack of analytical rigor. The present research combines detailed situational data with analytical methods that eliminate all stable between‐individual factors as potential confounds. We test seven potential situ…
Social Disorganization, Social Capital, Collective Efficacy and the Spatial Distribution of Crime and Offenders: An Empirical Test of Six Neighbourhood Models for a Dutch City
Six different social disorganization models of neighbourhood crime and offender rates were tested using data from multiple sources in the city of The Hague, in the Netherlands. The sources included a community survey among 3,575 residents in 86 neighbourhoods measuring the central concepts of the six models. The data were aggregated to ecologically reliable neighbourhood measures and combined with census data. Crime rates and offender rates were …
Changes in self-control during adolescence: Investigating the influence of the adolescent peer network
Delinquent Peers in Context: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Selection and Influence Effects
In this article, longitudinal social network data are analyzed to get a better understanding of the interplay between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. These data contain detailed information about the social networks of secondary school students from the same grade, their delinquent behavior, and many relevant correlates of network formation and delinquency. To distinguish selection and influence processes, a method (Simulation Investiga…
Assessing and Explaining Misperceptions of Peer Delinquency
Peer delinquency is a robust correlate of delinquent and criminal behavior. However, debate continues to surround the proper measurement of peer delinquency. Recent research suggests that some respondents are likely to misrepresent their peers’ involvement in delinquency when asked in survey questionnaires, drawing into question the traditional (i.e., perceptual) measurement of peer delinquency. Research also has shown that direct measures of pee…
Reconsidering the Effect of Self-Control and Delinquent Peers: Implications of Measurement for Theoretical Significance
Prior research examining the effect of self-control and delinquent peers on crime suggests that both variables are strong correlates and that controlling for one fails to eliminate the effects of the other. Yet prior research was based on indirect and possibly biased indicators of peer delinquency. Recent research using direct measures of delinquent peers, as reported by respondents' peers themselves, indicates that the relationship between peer …
De co-evolutie van vriendschapsrelaties en delinquent gedrag onder Nederlandse jongeren
The co-evolution of friendship relations and delinquent behaviour among Dutch adolescents .This article focuses on two research questions. To what degree is similarity in delinquent behaviour among Dutch secondary school students explained by selection and influence processes? And to what extent is the effect of friends’ delinquency on adolescents’ delinquency level moderated by characteristics of the friendship relation? Hypotheses were drawn fr…
Delinquent Peers in Context: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Selection and Influence Effects
In this article, longitudinal social network data are analyzed to get a better understanding of the interplay between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. These data contain detailed information about the social networks of secondary school students from the same grade, their delinquent behavior, and many relevant correlates of network formation and delinquency. To distinguish selection and influence processes, a method (Simulation Investiga…
Why Is Involvement in Unstructured Socializing Related to Adolescent Delinquency
The relationship between unstructured socializing (peer‐oriented activity without supervision) and adolescent delinquency is widely established and recognized, but less is known about why this relationship exists. The present study integrates the unstructured socializing perspective with insights from social learning theory and other theoretical perspectives on peer influence and empirically investigates four possible explanatory processes. The s…
Peer Similarity in Delinquency for Different Types of Friends: A Comparison Using Two Measurement Methods
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Unpacking the Black Box of Peer Similarity in Deviance: Understanding the Mechanisms Linking Personal Behavior, Peer Behavior, and Perceptions
The strong correlation between measures of personal and peer deviance occurs with near “law‐like” regularity. Yet, as with other manifestations of peer similarity (often referred to as homophily), the mechanisms generating this relationship are widely debated. Specific to the deviance literature, most studies have failed to examine, simultaneously, the degree to which similarity is the consequence of multiple causes. The current study addresses t…
Assessing and Explaining Misperceptions of Peer Delinquency
Peer delinquency is a robust correlate of delinquent and criminal behavior. However, debate continues to surround the proper measurement of peer delinquency. Recent research suggests that some respondents are likely to misrepresent their peers’ involvement in delinquency when asked in survey questionnaires, drawing into question the traditional (i.e., perceptual) measurement of peer delinquency. Research also has shown that direct measures of pee…
Co-offending as Social Exchange. Explaining Characteristics of Co-offending
Studies in the past have already revealed some interesting characteristics of co‐offending, but relatively little attention has been paid to explaining them. This paper is focused on the explanation of these characteristics. A comprehensive theory is proposed, based on the idea that co‐offending may be viewed as an event in which material and immaterial goods are exchanged. The basic concepts of such a social exchange theory are formulated in thi…
Situational Causes of Offending: A Fixed‐effects Analysis of Space–time Budget Data
Situational theories of crime assert that the situations that people participate in contain the proximal causes of crime. Prior research has not tested situational hypotheses rigorously, either for lack of detailed situational data or for lack of analytical rigor. The present research combines detailed situational data with analytical methods that eliminate all stable between‐individual factors as potential confounds. We test seven potential situ…
Changes in self-control during adolescence: Investigating the influence of the adolescent peer network
Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence
Journal Article Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence Get access Jacob T. N. Young, Jacob T. N. Young Direct correspondence to: Jacob Young, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 600, Phoenix, AZ, 85004. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank M. Wee…
Social Disorganization, Social Capital, Collective Efficacy and the Spatial Distribution of Crime and Offenders: An Empirical Test of Six Neighbourhood Models for a Dutch City
Six different social disorganization models of neighbourhood crime and offender rates were tested using data from multiple sources in the city of The Hague, in the Netherlands. The sources included a community survey among 3,575 residents in 86 neighbourhoods measuring the central concepts of the six models. The data were aggregated to ecologically reliable neighbourhood measures and combined with census data. Crime rates and offender rates were …
Co-offending as Social Exchange. Explaining Characteristics of Co-offending
Studies in the past have already revealed some interesting characteristics of co‐offending, but relatively little attention has been paid to explaining them. This paper is focused on the explanation of these characteristics. A comprehensive theory is proposed, based on the idea that co‐offending may be viewed as an event in which material and immaterial goods are exchanged. The basic concepts of such a social exchange theory are formulated in thi…
Peer Similarity in Delinquency for Different Types of Friends: A Comparison Using Two Measurement Methods
TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields
Juvenile Offending
Police statistics and self‐report studies on juvenile offending in the Netherlands show nothing startling compared with other Western countries, although levels are somewhat above the means. Official figures reveal a steady increase from the 1960s, especially for violent offenses, a development in line with the general trend in Europe. Self‐reports reveal no dramatic changes since the 1990s, although some studies suggest a recent increase. Much y…
Reconsidering the Effect of Self-Control and Delinquent Peers: Implications of Measurement for Theoretical Significance
Prior research examining the effect of self-control and delinquent peers on crime suggests that both variables are strong correlates and that controlling for one fails to eliminate the effects of the other. Yet prior research was based on indirect and possibly biased indicators of peer delinquency. Recent research using direct measures of delinquent peers, as reported by respondents' peers themselves, indicates that the relationship between peer …
De co-evolutie van vriendschapsrelaties en delinquent gedrag onder Nederlandse jongeren
The co-evolution of friendship relations and delinquent behaviour among Dutch adolescents .This article focuses on two research questions. To what degree is similarity in delinquent behaviour among Dutch secondary school students explained by selection and influence processes? And to what extent is the effect of friends’ delinquency on adolescents’ delinquency level moderated by characteristics of the friendship relation? Hypotheses were drawn fr…
Delinquent Peers in Context: A Longitudinal Network Analysis of Selection and Influence Effects
In this article, longitudinal social network data are analyzed to get a better understanding of the interplay between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior. These data contain detailed information about the social networks of secondary school students from the same grade, their delinquent behavior, and many relevant correlates of network formation and delinquency. To distinguish selection and influence processes, a method (Simulation Investiga…
Assessing and Explaining Misperceptions of Peer Delinquency
Peer delinquency is a robust correlate of delinquent and criminal behavior. However, debate continues to surround the proper measurement of peer delinquency. Recent research suggests that some respondents are likely to misrepresent their peers’ involvement in delinquency when asked in survey questionnaires, drawing into question the traditional (i.e., perceptual) measurement of peer delinquency. Research also has shown that direct measures of pee…
Changes in self-control during adolescence: Investigating the influence of the adolescent peer network
Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence
Journal Article Delinquency as a Consequence of Misperception: Overestimation of Friends' Delinquent Behavior and Mechanisms of Social Influence Get access Jacob T. N. Young, Jacob T. N. Young Direct correspondence to: Jacob Young, School of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 411 N. Central Ave., Suite 600, Phoenix, AZ, 85004. E-mail: [email protected] Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Frank M. Wee…
Situational Causes of Offending: A Fixed‐effects Analysis of Space–time Budget Data
Situational theories of crime assert that the situations that people participate in contain the proximal causes of crime. Prior research has not tested situational hypotheses rigorously, either for lack of detailed situational data or for lack of analytical rigor. The present research combines detailed situational data with analytical methods that eliminate all stable between‐individual factors as potential confounds. We test seven potential situ…
Social Disorganization, Social Capital, Collective Efficacy and the Spatial Distribution of Crime and Offenders: An Empirical Test of Six Neighbourhood Models for a Dutch City
Six different social disorganization models of neighbourhood crime and offender rates were tested using data from multiple sources in the city of The Hague, in the Netherlands. The sources included a community survey among 3,575 residents in 86 neighbourhoods measuring the central concepts of the six models. The data were aggregated to ecologically reliable neighbourhood measures and combined with census data. Crime rates and offender rates were …
Unpacking the Black Box of Peer Similarity in Deviance: Understanding the Mechanisms Linking Personal Behavior, Peer Behavior, and Perceptions
The strong correlation between measures of personal and peer deviance occurs with near “law‐like” regularity. Yet, as with other manifestations of peer similarity (often referred to as homophily), the mechanisms generating this relationship are widely debated. Specific to the deviance literature, most studies have failed to examine, simultaneously, the degree to which similarity is the consequence of multiple causes. The current study addresses t…
Why Is Involvement in Unstructured Socializing Related to Adolescent Delinquency
The relationship between unstructured socializing (peer‐oriented activity without supervision) and adolescent delinquency is widely established and recognized, but less is known about why this relationship exists. The present study integrates the unstructured socializing perspective with insights from social learning theory and other theoretical perspectives on peer influence and empirically investigates four possible explanatory processes. The s…
Research on Neighborhoods in European Cities
This chapter provides an overview of European neighborhood studies of crime, victimization, and delinquency that were explicitly guided or inspired by social disorganization theory. Although the origin of social disorganization theory lies in the United States with a long-lasting tradition in urban research, considerable attention has also been given to this perspective in Europe, as well as in other parts of the world. In Europe, a long research…
Studying Situational Effects of Setting Characteristics
This chapter addresses methods to study situational influences of setting characteristics on adolescent offending. In particular, it describes data collection methods (space-time budget interviews, census data, community surveys, and systematic social observations) that enable precise measurement of what respondents do, with whom they undertake these activities, and in what kind of places (both the geographical area and the function of the locati…
Hanging Out with the Wrong Crowd? The Role of Unstructured Socializing in Adolescents’ Specialization in Delinquency and Substance Use
The families of Dutch terrorist suspects: Risk and protective factors among parents and siblings
Newsmedia have regularly reported about acts of terrorism that involved members of the same family, but also about instances where one sibling becomes a terrorist, whereas the other becomes a successful, law-abiding citizen. The question is, then, to what extent family circumstances and individual risk factors impact on pathways towards these shared or divergent outcomes. To date, studies on the family characteristics of terrorist suspects have b…
Can inner and outer containment counteract pulls and pushes toward delinquency? A test of Walter Reckless’s containment theory
The aim of the current study is to provide an empirical test of containment theory of Walter Reckless (1899–1988). The theory proposes that outer and inner containment hold adolescents back from delinquency even when external factors pull and push them toward it. This early control theory was ahead of its time, but never received the empirical attention it deserves. This article outlines the core theoretical concepts and the basic propositions in…
Understanding Changes in Violent Extremist Attitudes During the Transition to Early Adulthood
A Quasi-Experimental Study on the Effects of Community versus Custodial Sanctions in Youth Justice
Although community sanctions have become a popular alternative to custodial sanctions in youth justice, primary questions about the recidivism effects of community sanctions remain unanswered. The current study aims to fill this gap through a quasi-experimental analysis of 2-year recidivism differences between 4,425 youth subject to community sanctions versus custodial sanctions in the Netherlands in 2015 and 2016. Recidivism was analyzed in term…
Community sanctions in youth justice compared to other youth crime responses: A meta-analysis
This meta-analysis examines the official recidivism effects of two types of community sanctions in youth justice, namely community service and behavioural intervention programmes. Two analyses were conducted: a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and custodial sanctions, versus a comparison between the effects of community sanctions and dismissals. Following a systematic literature search, data extraction and analysis, mean effe…
Crossing borders: Does it matter? Differences between (near-)domestic and cross-border sex traffickers, their victims and modus operandi
Hardly any research exists that empirically compares (near-)domestic and cross-border sex trafficking. The few studies that do are based on relatively small samples and only represent US data. This study substantially extends the scarce scientific knowledge about the differences between the two types of sex trafficking, based on European data. Our sample consists of all 658 (near-)domestic sex traffickers and all 424 cross-border sex traffickers,…
The Putative Effect of Identity on Extremist Radicalization: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies
The Eurogang Definition: Context, Development, Scrutiny, and Debate (Including a Conversation with Malcolm Klein)
The Eurogang definition of gangs and troublesome youth groups is now regarded as almost a standard, used by many gang researchers around the world. However, the road to reaching consensus about this definition has been a long and thorny path, and methodological debate and disputes about its application still remains. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the context in which the definition evolved, the history of its development, the ration…
Radical networks and terrorist action: The importance of social relationships and network positions
In most models on terrorism, interaction with other radicals is a key factor. However, systematic empirical evidence that radical ties affect behaviour is scarce. Our access to detailed police information allows us to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) on a Dutch Salafi-Jihadi network and analyse the social relationships and network positions of 80 actors, out of whom 20 turned to terrorist acts. The results suggest that ties to leaders and terr…
Crime Patterns and Interventions (23 works) · Psychology (23 works) · Social Psychology (17 works) · Criminology (16 works) · Computer Science (12 works) · Juvenile delinquency (12 works) · Political science (12 works) · Developmental psychology (11 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance (7 works)