CHRISTOPHER T LOWENKAMP
Datos Biográficos
| ID | 5721765 |
|---|---|
| NOMBRE | CHRISTOPHER T LOWENKAMP |
| NOMBRES | CHRISTOPHER T |
| APELLIDO | LOWENKAMP |
| FIRMA | LOWENKAMP C T |
| AFILIACIONES | University of Cincinnati |
| VERIFICADO | No |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 15 |
| TOTAL DE CITAS | 91 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 15 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMER AÑO DE PUBLICACIÓN | 1999 |
| AÑO MÁS RECIENTE DE PUBLICACIÓN | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
A pretrial release policy based on risk assessment would reduce unnecessary incarceration, increase racial fairness, and save money
Research Summary Pretrial reform is vital, as nearly 500,000 unconvicted people are held in U.S. jails while awaiting trial. Risk assessment instruments (RAIs) offer data‐driven identification of defendants who are unlikely to reoffend and can safely be released, yet face criticism from across the political spectrum—for potentially perpetuating racial bias or endangering public safety. Moreover, inconsistent judicial application undermines the ef…
Understanding racial disparities in pretrial detention recommendations to shape policy reform
Research Summary Federal pretrial services and probation officers assess defendants and make influential recommendations that defendants be either released or detained, based on their threat to community safety and risk of flight. To inform efforts to reduce disparities in pretrial detention, we examined officers’ decision making about 149,815 defendants across 81 districts. Overall, the probability of a detention recommendation was 34% higher fo…
Using algorithms to address trade‐offs inherent in predicting recidivism
Although risk assessment has increasingly been used as a tool to help reform the criminal justice system, some stakeholders are adamantly opposed to using algorithms. The principal concern is that any benefits achieved by safely reducing rates of incarceration will be offset by costs to racial justice claimed to be inherent in the algorithms themselves. But fairness trade‐offs are inherent to the task of predicting recidivism, whether the predict…
Risk Assessment Overrides
In the federal supervision system, officers have discretion to depart from the risk designations provided by the Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) instrument. This component of the risk classification process is referred to as the supervision override. While the rationale for allowing overrides is that actuarial scores cannot always capture an individual’s unique characteristics, there is relatively limited literature on the actual effects o…
Does Change in Risk Matter
Research Summary The Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) is a correctional assessment tool used by federal probation officers that identifies offenders most likely to commit new crimes and the criminogenic characteristics that, if changed, could reduce the likelihood of recidivism. We explored how changes in offender risk influence the likelihood of recidivism by tracking a population of 64,716 offenders placed on federal supervision with mult…
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
Intensive supervision programs
The Risk Principle in Action
Over the recent past there have been several meta-analyses and primary studies that support the importance of the risk principle. Oftentimes these studies, particularly the meta-analyses, are limited in their ability to assess how the actual implementation of the risk principle by correctional agencies affects effectiveness in reducing recidivism. Furthermore, primary studies are typically limited to the assessment of one or two programs, which a…
Does Correctional Program Quality Really Matter? The Impact of Adhering to the Principles of Effective Intervention
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 3,237 offenders placed in 1 of 38 community‐based residential programs as part of their parole or other post‐release control. Offenders terminated from these programs were matched to, and compared with, a group of offenders (N = 3,237) under parole or other post‐release control who were not placed in residential programming. Data on program characteristics and treatment integrity were obtained through…
Exploring the validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised with Native American offenders
Predicting outcome with the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Increasing the Effectiveness of Correctional Programming Through the Risk Principle
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 7,306 offenders placed in 1 of 53 community-based residential programs as part of their parole, post-release control, or probation. Offenders who successfully completed residential programming were compared with a group of offenders (n = 5801) under parole/post-release control who were not placed in residential programming. Analyses of program effectiveness were conducted, controlling for risk and a r…
Replicating Sampson and Groves's Test of Social Disorganization Theory
Using data from the British Crime Survey conducted in 1982, Sampson and Groves provided a convincing test of social disorganization theory. Although macro-level theory was in the midst of a revival when this investigation appeared, no single article did more to polish the previously tarnished image of social disorganization theory than Sampson and Groves's analysis; in fact, this work has become a criminological classic. Subsequent research, howe…
Ethnicity, gender, and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Restorative justice and offender screening
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
Does Correctional Program Quality Really Matter? The Impact of Adhering to the Principles of Effective Intervention
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 3,237 offenders placed in 1 of 38 community‐based residential programs as part of their parole or other post‐release control. Offenders terminated from these programs were matched to, and compared with, a group of offenders (N = 3,237) under parole or other post‐release control who were not placed in residential programming. Data on program characteristics and treatment integrity were obtained through…
Increasing the Effectiveness of Correctional Programming Through the Risk Principle
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 7,306 offenders placed in 1 of 53 community-based residential programs as part of their parole, post-release control, or probation. Offenders who successfully completed residential programming were compared with a group of offenders (n = 5801) under parole/post-release control who were not placed in residential programming. Analyses of program effectiveness were conducted, controlling for risk and a r…
Exploring the validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised with Native American offenders
Ethnicity, gender, and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Does Change in Risk Matter
Research Summary The Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) is a correctional assessment tool used by federal probation officers that identifies offenders most likely to commit new crimes and the criminogenic characteristics that, if changed, could reduce the likelihood of recidivism. We explored how changes in offender risk influence the likelihood of recidivism by tracking a population of 64,716 offenders placed on federal supervision with mult…
Intensive supervision programs
Predicting outcome with the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Restorative justice and offender screening
Replicating Sampson and Groves's Test of Social Disorganization Theory
Using data from the British Crime Survey conducted in 1982, Sampson and Groves provided a convincing test of social disorganization theory. Although macro-level theory was in the midst of a revival when this investigation appeared, no single article did more to polish the previously tarnished image of social disorganization theory than Sampson and Groves's analysis; in fact, this work has become a criminological classic. Subsequent research, howe…
Ethnicity, gender, and the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Increasing the Effectiveness of Correctional Programming Through the Risk Principle
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 7,306 offenders placed in 1 of 53 community-based residential programs as part of their parole, post-release control, or probation. Offenders who successfully completed residential programming were compared with a group of offenders (n = 5801) under parole/post-release control who were not placed in residential programming. Analyses of program effectiveness were conducted, controlling for risk and a r…
The Risk Principle in Action
Over the recent past there have been several meta-analyses and primary studies that support the importance of the risk principle. Oftentimes these studies, particularly the meta-analyses, are limited in their ability to assess how the actual implementation of the risk principle by correctional agencies affects effectiveness in reducing recidivism. Furthermore, primary studies are typically limited to the assessment of one or two programs, which a…
Does Correctional Program Quality Really Matter? The Impact of Adhering to the Principles of Effective Intervention
Research Summary: This study analyzed data on 3,237 offenders placed in 1 of 38 community‐based residential programs as part of their parole or other post‐release control. Offenders terminated from these programs were matched to, and compared with, a group of offenders (N = 3,237) under parole or other post‐release control who were not placed in residential programming. Data on program characteristics and treatment integrity were obtained through…
Exploring the validity of the Level of Service Inventory-Revised with Native American offenders
Predicting outcome with the Level of Service Inventory-Revised
Intensive supervision programs
Does Change in Risk Matter
Research Summary The Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) is a correctional assessment tool used by federal probation officers that identifies offenders most likely to commit new crimes and the criminogenic characteristics that, if changed, could reduce the likelihood of recidivism. We explored how changes in offender risk influence the likelihood of recidivism by tracking a population of 64,716 offenders placed on federal supervision with mult…
Risk, Race, and Recidivism
One way to unwind mass incarceration without compromising public safety is to use risk assessment instruments in sentencing and corrections. Although these instruments figure prominently in current reforms, critics argue that benefits in crime control will be offset by an adverse effect on racial minorities. Based on a sample of 34,794 federal offenders, we examine the relationships among race, risk assessment [the Post Conviction Risk Assessment…
Using algorithms to address trade‐offs inherent in predicting recidivism
Although risk assessment has increasingly been used as a tool to help reform the criminal justice system, some stakeholders are adamantly opposed to using algorithms. The principal concern is that any benefits achieved by safely reducing rates of incarceration will be offset by costs to racial justice claimed to be inherent in the algorithms themselves. But fairness trade‐offs are inherent to the task of predicting recidivism, whether the predict…
Risk Assessment Overrides
In the federal supervision system, officers have discretion to depart from the risk designations provided by the Post Conviction Risk Assessment (PCRA) instrument. This component of the risk classification process is referred to as the supervision override. While the rationale for allowing overrides is that actuarial scores cannot always capture an individual’s unique characteristics, there is relatively limited literature on the actual effects o…
Understanding racial disparities in pretrial detention recommendations to shape policy reform
Research Summary Federal pretrial services and probation officers assess defendants and make influential recommendations that defendants be either released or detained, based on their threat to community safety and risk of flight. To inform efforts to reduce disparities in pretrial detention, we examined officers’ decision making about 149,815 defendants across 81 districts. Overall, the probability of a detention recommendation was 34% higher fo…
A pretrial release policy based on risk assessment would reduce unnecessary incarceration, increase racial fairness, and save money
Research Summary Pretrial reform is vital, as nearly 500,000 unconvicted people are held in U.S. jails while awaiting trial. Risk assessment instruments (RAIs) offer data‐driven identification of defendants who are unlikely to reoffend and can safely be released, yet face criticism from across the political spectrum—for potentially perpetuating racial bias or endangering public safety. Moreover, inconsistent judicial application undermines the ef…
Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (14 obras) · Psychology (13 obras) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (12 obras) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (12 obras) · Computer Science (9 obras) · Political science (9 obras) · Business (8 obras) · Criminology (8 obras) · Recidivism (8 obras) · Computer security (7 obras)