Stuart E Dreyfus
Biographic Data
| ID | 5741747 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Stuart E Dreyfus |
| GIVEN NAMES | Stuart E |
| FAMILY NAME | Dreyfus |
| SIGNATURE | DREYFUS S E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of California, Berkeley |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2347-2022 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1980 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2009 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
A Modern Perspective on Creative Cognition
Influenced by recent neuroscientific research, the author proposes that the cognition underlying creativity should be seen as a sequential process requiring the appropriate interspersing of both intuitive and analytical modes of thought. Each of these modes may concern itself with either identifying the information that is the focus of potentially creative cognition or with the creative perspective from which to view the information. Here, perspe…
Does modifying the household food budget predict changes in the healthfulness of purchasing choices among low- and high-income women
Food cost has a strong influence on food purchases and given that persons of low income often have more limited budgets, healthier foods may be overlooked in favour of more energy-dense lower-cost options. The aim of this study was to investigate whether modifications to the available household food budget led to changes in the healthfulness of food purchasing choices among women of low and high income. A quasi-experimental design was used which …
Peripheral Vision: Expertise in Real World Contexts
In this paper we describe a five-stage phenomenological model of skill acquisition, of which expertise is the highest stage. Contrary to the claims of knowledge engineers, we argue that expertise in general, and medical expertise in particular, cannot be captured in rule-based expert systems, since expertise is based on the making of immediate, unreflective situational responses; intuitive judgment is the hallmark of expertise. Deliberation is ce…
Totally Model-Free Learned Skillful Coping
The author proposes a neural-network-based explanation of how a brain might acquire intuitive expertise. The explanation is intended merely to be suggestive and lacks many complexities found in even lower animal brains. Yet significantly, even this simplified brain model is capable of explaining the acquisition of simple skills without developing articulable rules for behavior or a model of the skill domain or an explicit identification of which …
The Ethical Implications of the Five-Stage Skill-Acquisition Model
We assume that acting ethically is a skill. We then use a phenomenological description of five stages of skill acquisition to argue that an ethics based on principles corresponds to a beginner’s reliance on rules and so is developmentally inferior to an ethics based on expert response that claims that, after long experience, the ethical expert learns to respond appropriately to each unique situation. The skills model thus supports an ethics of si…
The Five-Stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition
The following is a summary of the author’s five-stage model of adult skill acquisition, developed in collaboration with Hubert L. Dreyfus. An earlier version of this article appeared in chapter 1 of Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer (1986, Free Press, New York)
What artificial experts can and cannot do
Towards a phenomenology of ethical expertise
Mind over Machine: A Plea for the Intuitive Conception of Mind
From Socrates to expert systems
A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition
In acquiring a skill by means of instruction and experience, the student normally passes through five developmental stages which we designate novice, competence, proficiency, expertise and mastery. We argue, based on analysis of careful descriptions of skill acquisition, that as the student becomes skilled, he depends less on abstract principles and more on concrete experience. We systematize and illustrate the progressive changes in a performer'…
Towards a phenomenology of ethical expertise
Does modifying the household food budget predict changes in the healthfulness of purchasing choices among low- and high-income women
Food cost has a strong influence on food purchases and given that persons of low income often have more limited budgets, healthier foods may be overlooked in favour of more energy-dense lower-cost options. The aim of this study was to investigate whether modifications to the available household food budget led to changes in the healthfulness of food purchasing choices among women of low and high income. A quasi-experimental design was used which …
From Socrates to expert systems
A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition
In acquiring a skill by means of instruction and experience, the student normally passes through five developmental stages which we designate novice, competence, proficiency, expertise and mastery. We argue, based on analysis of careful descriptions of skill acquisition, that as the student becomes skilled, he depends less on abstract principles and more on concrete experience. We systematize and illustrate the progressive changes in a performer'…
From Socrates to expert systems
Mind over Machine: A Plea for the Intuitive Conception of Mind
Towards a phenomenology of ethical expertise
What artificial experts can and cannot do
Totally Model-Free Learned Skillful Coping
The author proposes a neural-network-based explanation of how a brain might acquire intuitive expertise. The explanation is intended merely to be suggestive and lacks many complexities found in even lower animal brains. Yet significantly, even this simplified brain model is capable of explaining the acquisition of simple skills without developing articulable rules for behavior or a model of the skill domain or an explicit identification of which …
The Ethical Implications of the Five-Stage Skill-Acquisition Model
We assume that acting ethically is a skill. We then use a phenomenological description of five stages of skill acquisition to argue that an ethics based on principles corresponds to a beginner’s reliance on rules and so is developmentally inferior to an ethics based on expert response that claims that, after long experience, the ethical expert learns to respond appropriately to each unique situation. The skills model thus supports an ethics of si…
The Five-Stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition
The following is a summary of the author’s five-stage model of adult skill acquisition, developed in collaboration with Hubert L. Dreyfus. An earlier version of this article appeared in chapter 1 of Mind Over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer (1986, Free Press, New York)
Peripheral Vision: Expertise in Real World Contexts
In this paper we describe a five-stage phenomenological model of skill acquisition, of which expertise is the highest stage. Contrary to the claims of knowledge engineers, we argue that expertise in general, and medical expertise in particular, cannot be captured in rule-based expert systems, since expertise is based on the making of immediate, unreflective situational responses; intuitive judgment is the hallmark of expertise. Deliberation is ce…
A Modern Perspective on Creative Cognition
Influenced by recent neuroscientific research, the author proposes that the cognition underlying creativity should be seen as a sequential process requiring the appropriate interspersing of both intuitive and analytical modes of thought. Each of these modes may concern itself with either identifying the information that is the focus of potentially creative cognition or with the creative perspective from which to view the information. Here, perspe…
Does modifying the household food budget predict changes in the healthfulness of purchasing choices among low- and high-income women
Food cost has a strong influence on food purchases and given that persons of low income often have more limited budgets, healthier foods may be overlooked in favour of more energy-dense lower-cost options. The aim of this study was to investigate whether modifications to the available household food budget led to changes in the healthfulness of food purchasing choices among women of low and high income. A quasi-experimental design was used which …
Psychology (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Epistemology (7 works) · Artificial Intelligence (6 works) · Cognitive science (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Philosophy (5 works) · Law (4 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Dreyfus model of skill acquisition (3 works)