Charles S Reichardt
Biographic Data
| ID | 5742422 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles S Reichardt |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charles S |
| FAMILY NAME | Reichardt |
| SIGNATURE | REICHARDT C S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Denver |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6233-6795 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 88 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 17 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1979 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
The Counterfactual Definition of a Program Effect
Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between what happened after the program was implemented and what would have happened if the program had not been…
Quasi‐Experiments
Quasi‐experiments are research designs used to estimate treatment effects when treatments are not assigned at random. Research in quasi‐experimentation will advance on four fronts. First, researchers will elaborate the complete array of quasi‐experimental comparisons. Second, researchers will refine statistical methods for taking account of initial selection differences. Third, researchers will both improve sensitivity analyses to take account of…
Internal Validity
Nonequivalent Group Designs
Commentary
Maxwell, Cole, and Mitchell (2011) demonstrated that simple structural equation models, when used with cross-sectional data, generally produce biased estimates of meditated effects. I extend those results by showing how simple structural equation models can produce biased estimates of meditated effects when used even with longitudinal data. Even with longitudinal data, simple autoregressive structural equation models can imply the existence of in…
Evaluating Methods for Estimating Program Effects
I define a treatment effect in terms of a comparison of outcomes and provide a typology of all possible comparisons that can be used to estimate treatment effects, including comparisons that are relatively unknown in both the literature and practice. I then assess the relative merit, worth, and value of all possible comparisons based on the criteria of bias, precision, generalizability, ease of implementation, and cost. Which comparison is best d…
Lessons and Memories From the Northwestern Training Program in Methodology and Evaluation Research
Lessons and Memories From the Northwestern Training Program in Methodology and Evaluation Research
A Tribute to Donald T. Campbell
A Tribute to Donald T. Campbell
Don Campbell
Don Campbell
The Criteria for Convergent and Discriminant Validity in a Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix
Two basic structures have been proposed for the data in a multitrait-multimethod matrix; additive and multiplicative. The well-known criteria for assessing convergent and discriminant validity proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) are shown, in general, to be inadequate for either structure. Model-specific criteria for assessing convergent and discriminant validity hold greater promise than the Campbell and Fiske criteria
Women, Homelessness, And Substance Abuse
This study examined the characteristics of homeless women with substance abuse problems. Data were collected on a sample of 323 homeless substance abusers. First, 49 women and 274 men were compared to demonstrate distinct problems and treatment needs of the women. Results showed that the women were more likely than the men to abuse drugs, but less likely to receive substance abuse treatment. In addition, women spent more time in doubled-up living…
Taking Account of Time Lags in Causal Models
Although it takes time for a cause to exert an effect, causal models often fail to allow adequately for time lags. In particular, causal models that contain cross-sectional relations (i.e., relations between values of 2 variables at the same time) are unsatisfactory because they omit the values of variables at prior times, they omit effects that variables can have on themselves, and they fail to specify the length of the causal interval that is b…
Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research
Latent variable models of status attainment
Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research
Evaluating Methods for Estimating Program Effects
I define a treatment effect in terms of a comparison of outcomes and provide a typology of all possible comparisons that can be used to estimate treatment effects, including comparisons that are relatively unknown in both the literature and practice. I then assess the relative merit, worth, and value of all possible comparisons based on the criteria of bias, precision, generalizability, ease of implementation, and cost. Which comparison is best d…
Women, Homelessness, And Substance Abuse
This study examined the characteristics of homeless women with substance abuse problems. Data were collected on a sample of 323 homeless substance abusers. First, 49 women and 274 men were compared to demonstrate distinct problems and treatment needs of the women. Results showed that the women were more likely than the men to abuse drugs, but less likely to receive substance abuse treatment. In addition, women spent more time in doubled-up living…
The Counterfactual Definition of a Program Effect
Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between what happened after the program was implemented and what would have happened if the program had not been…
Don Campbell
Qualitative and quantitative methods in evaluation research
Latent variable models of status attainment
Taking Account of Time Lags in Causal Models
Although it takes time for a cause to exert an effect, causal models often fail to allow adequately for time lags. In particular, causal models that contain cross-sectional relations (i.e., relations between values of 2 variables at the same time) are unsatisfactory because they omit the values of variables at prior times, they omit effects that variables can have on themselves, and they fail to specify the length of the causal interval that is b…
The Criteria for Convergent and Discriminant Validity in a Multitrait-Multimethod Matrix
Two basic structures have been proposed for the data in a multitrait-multimethod matrix; additive and multiplicative. The well-known criteria for assessing convergent and discriminant validity proposed by Campbell and Fiske (1959) are shown, in general, to be inadequate for either structure. Model-specific criteria for assessing convergent and discriminant validity hold greater promise than the Campbell and Fiske criteria
Women, Homelessness, And Substance Abuse
This study examined the characteristics of homeless women with substance abuse problems. Data were collected on a sample of 323 homeless substance abusers. First, 49 women and 274 men were compared to demonstrate distinct problems and treatment needs of the women. Results showed that the women were more likely than the men to abuse drugs, but less likely to receive substance abuse treatment. In addition, women spent more time in doubled-up living…
A Tribute to Donald T. Campbell
A Tribute to Donald T. Campbell
Don Campbell
Don Campbell
Lessons and Memories From the Northwestern Training Program in Methodology and Evaluation Research
Lessons and Memories From the Northwestern Training Program in Methodology and Evaluation Research
Commentary
Maxwell, Cole, and Mitchell (2011) demonstrated that simple structural equation models, when used with cross-sectional data, generally produce biased estimates of meditated effects. I extend those results by showing how simple structural equation models can produce biased estimates of meditated effects when used even with longitudinal data. Even with longitudinal data, simple autoregressive structural equation models can imply the existence of in…
Evaluating Methods for Estimating Program Effects
I define a treatment effect in terms of a comparison of outcomes and provide a typology of all possible comparisons that can be used to estimate treatment effects, including comparisons that are relatively unknown in both the literature and practice. I then assess the relative merit, worth, and value of all possible comparisons based on the criteria of bias, precision, generalizability, ease of implementation, and cost. Which comparison is best d…
Quasi‐Experiments
Quasi‐experiments are research designs used to estimate treatment effects when treatments are not assigned at random. Research in quasi‐experimentation will advance on four fronts. First, researchers will elaborate the complete array of quasi‐experimental comparisons. Second, researchers will refine statistical methods for taking account of initial selection differences. Third, researchers will both improve sensitivity analyses to take account of…
Internal Validity
Nonequivalent Group Designs
The Counterfactual Definition of a Program Effect
Evaluators are often called upon to assess the effects of programs. To assess a program effect, evaluators need a clear understanding of how a program effect is defined. Arguably, the most widely used definition of a program effect is the counterfactual one. According to the counterfactual definition, a program effect is the difference between what happened after the program was implemented and what would have happened if the program had not been…
Psychology (14 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Statistics (8 works) · Econometrics (7 works) · Advanced Causal Inference Techniques (6 works) · Political science (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Economics (4 works) · Evaluation and Performance Assessment (3 works)