Phillip K Wood
Biographic Data
| ID | 5757779 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Phillip K Wood |
| GIVEN NAMES | Phillip K |
| FAMILY NAME | Wood |
| SIGNATURE | WOOD P K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Missouri |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5802-3948 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 62 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Identifying Sociodemographic Community Variables and High School Characteristics Predictive of Subsequent College Alcohol Consumption: Integrating Self-Report, Census, and School Administrative Data
BACKGROUND: Collegiate alcohol consumption is multi-determined by both precollege (e.g., institutional and community background, academic characteristics, precollege drinking) and college variables. However, precollege variables are rarely investigated. Self-reports of collegiate alcohol use were predicted by novel sources of data from university, census, and public administrative records. METHOD: 3,720 first-time, college freshmen at a large, pu…
Combined Logistic and Confined Exponential Growth Models: Estimation Using SEM Software
The logistic and confined exponential curves are frequently used in studies of growth and learning. These models, which are nonlinear in their parameters, can be estimated using structural equation modeling software. This paper proposes a single combined model, a weighted combination of both models. Mplus, Proc Calis, and lavaan code for the model are provided. Monte Carlo simulations varying the number of measurement occasions (5, 10, and 15), i…
Equal Precision Measurement Structural Models
Error variance in structural models is often specified as a conditional variance associated with a manifest variable or as a regression path from a standardized error variance. This paper describes scenarios in which specification of both terms is useful: (1) Corrections for attenuation in single indicator factor models; (2) Tests of the equality in the proportion of explained variance across multiple dependent variables in regression models; (3)…
Combinatorial Optimization of Clustering Decisions: An Approach to Refine Psychiatric Diagnoses
Using complete enumeration (e.g., generating all possible subsets of item combinations) to evaluate clustering problems has the benefit of locating globally optimal solutions automatically without the concern of sampling variability. The proposed method is meant to combine clustering variables in such a way as to create groups that are maximally different on a theoretically sound derivation variable(s). After the population of all unique sets is …
Refining the Notion of Maturing Out: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Objectives. Our aim was to determine if the decrease in drug use disorders with age is attributable to changes in persistence, as implied by the notion of maturing out. Also, we examined the association between role transitions and persistence, recurrence, and new onset of drug use disorders. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data (baseline assessment 200…
The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Recent work on adult thought has focused on the emergence of relativistic, dialectic, or integrative assumptions about knowledge. In 1981, Kitchener and King developed a model of reflective judgment that describes seven sets of assumptions about reality and knowledge and corresponding concepts of intellectual justification. This article reports a 2-year longitudinal study of three groups of adolescents and young adults (n = 59) who were tested on…
Inquiring Systems and Problem Structure: Implications for Cognitive Development
Intellectual assessment tasks vary both in the degree and nature of complexity of the problem-solving situation. In order to provide a precise language for describing problem solving, the language of classical decision theory is used to describe intellectual assessment tasks. The ‘structuredness’ of a problem is defined as a lack of specificity of certain parameters of decision theory. The language of inquiring systems is employed to describe dif…
Analysis of affective instability in ecological momentary assessment: Indices using successive difference and group comparison via multilevel modeling.
Temporal instability of affect is a defining characteristic of psychological disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and mood cycling disorders. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables researchers to directly assess such frequent and extreme fluctuations over time. The authors examined 4 operationalizations of such temporal instability: the within-person variance (WPV), the first-order autocorrelation, the mean square succes…
Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: Evidence for a four‐factor model
The factor structure of the Velicer Attitudes Toward Violence Scale [VATVS; Velicer, Huckel and Hansen, 1989] was examined in three studies. Study 1 ( n =460 undergraduates) found a poor fit for a hierarchical five‐factor model earlier advanced by Velicer et al. [1989], but a good fit for an oblique four‐factor model. In Study 2, this alternative model was cross‐validated in a confirmatory factor analysis of an additional 195 undergraduate studen…
Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence
Longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,978 Black and White adolescents were used to examine the role of personality in multiple risk or problem behaviors. Results indicate that covariation among diverse behaviors (educational underachievement, delinquent behavior, substance use, sexual behavior) can be adequately modeled by a single higher order factor, and that impulsivity and avoidance coping serve as generalized risk factors for i…
Response to: The Tetrad Project: Constraint Based Aids to Causal Model Specification
Male Gender Role Conflict, Depression, and Help Seeking: Do College Men Face Double Jeopardy
To investigate the previously untested hypothesis that college men with higher levels of male gender role conflict (MGRC) experience both increased risk of depression and more negative attitudes toward seeking counseling services, this study used latent variable modeling to examine these relations. Two components of MGRC were identified: restriction‐related MGRC, which predicted 25% of the variance in help‐seeking attitudes, and achievement‐relat…
The study of intraindividual differences by means of dynamic factor models: Rationale, implementation, and interpretation
Study of reactive elements of behavior such as those responsible for mood disorder, arousal, and impulsivity often requires use of statistical models that involve time-bound relationships. P. C. M. Molenaar (1985) prposed the dynamic factor model for the analysis of multivariate repeated data. Conducting dynamic factor analyses using traditional structural equation programs is difficult because specification of such models involves extensive prog…
A latent variable model of the Family-of-Origin Scale for adolescents
The study of intraindividual differences by means of dynamic factor models: Rationale, implementation, and interpretation
Developmental range of reflective judgment: The effect of contextual support and practice on developmental stage
In this study of K. W Fischer's (1980) skill theory and the development of reflective judgment (K. S. Kitchener & P. M. King, 1981), 156 students, 14-28 years old, were tested. Two thirds responded to the Reflective Judgment Interview (RJI) and the Prototypic Reflective Judgment Interview (PRJI) twice, with the 2 administrations approximately 2 weeks apart. The remaining one third were tested at 2-week intervals only on the RJI. The PRJI was desi…
Generation and Objective Rotation of Generalized Learning Curves Using Matrix Language Products
Two SAS macros are presented which perform Tucker's (1966) modified principal components approach to modeling generalized learning curves analysis up to a rotation of the components. The problem of rotation to a psychologically meaningful solution is considered. For example, when analyzing learning data, one may wish to rotate the components to satisfy Tucker's criteria for learning curves. For the modeling of other kinds of change, different rot…
Rationale, Detection, and Implications of Interactions Between Independent Variables and Unmeasured Variables in Linear Models
Conceptual rationales from five research contexts are presented which share the similarity that all posit unmeasured variables which interact with observed independent variables to produce a complete model of the dependent variable. For the class of linear underspecified models involving only observed effects, it is shown that estimated effects of the observed independent variables are overestimated, that squared error of the misspecified model o…
Development of friendship reasoning: A study of interindividual differences in intraindividual change
UuStB Koeln(38)-890106537 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische Informationsbibliothek
A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults
Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: Evidence for a four‐factor model
The factor structure of the Velicer Attitudes Toward Violence Scale [VATVS; Velicer, Huckel and Hansen, 1989] was examined in three studies. Study 1 ( n =460 undergraduates) found a poor fit for a hierarchical five‐factor model earlier advanced by Velicer et al. [1989], but a good fit for an oblique four‐factor model. In Study 2, this alternative model was cross‐validated in a confirmatory factor analysis of an additional 195 undergraduate studen…
Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence
Longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,978 Black and White adolescents were used to examine the role of personality in multiple risk or problem behaviors. Results indicate that covariation among diverse behaviors (educational underachievement, delinquent behavior, substance use, sexual behavior) can be adequately modeled by a single higher order factor, and that impulsivity and avoidance coping serve as generalized risk factors for i…
Developmental range of reflective judgment: The effect of contextual support and practice on developmental stage
In this study of K. W Fischer's (1980) skill theory and the development of reflective judgment (K. S. Kitchener & P. M. King, 1981), 156 students, 14-28 years old, were tested. Two thirds responded to the Reflective Judgment Interview (RJI) and the Prototypic Reflective Judgment Interview (PRJI) twice, with the 2 administrations approximately 2 weeks apart. The remaining one third were tested at 2-week intervals only on the RJI. The PRJI was desi…
Development of friendship reasoning: A study of interindividual differences in intraindividual change
UuStB Koeln(38)-890106537 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische Informationsbibliothek
A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults
Refining the Notion of Maturing Out: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Objectives. Our aim was to determine if the decrease in drug use disorders with age is attributable to changes in persistence, as implied by the notion of maturing out. Also, we examined the association between role transitions and persistence, recurrence, and new onset of drug use disorders. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data (baseline assessment 200…
A longitudinal study of moral and ego development in young adults
Development of friendship reasoning: A study of interindividual differences in intraindividual change
UuStB Koeln(38)-890106537 / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische Informationsbibliothek
Rationale, Detection, and Implications of Interactions Between Independent Variables and Unmeasured Variables in Linear Models
Conceptual rationales from five research contexts are presented which share the similarity that all posit unmeasured variables which interact with observed independent variables to produce a complete model of the dependent variable. For the class of linear underspecified models involving only observed effects, it is shown that estimated effects of the observed independent variables are overestimated, that squared error of the misspecified model o…
Generation and Objective Rotation of Generalized Learning Curves Using Matrix Language Products
Two SAS macros are presented which perform Tucker's (1966) modified principal components approach to modeling generalized learning curves analysis up to a rotation of the components. The problem of rotation to a psychologically meaningful solution is considered. For example, when analyzing learning data, one may wish to rotate the components to satisfy Tucker's criteria for learning curves. For the modeling of other kinds of change, different rot…
Developmental range of reflective judgment: The effect of contextual support and practice on developmental stage
In this study of K. W Fischer's (1980) skill theory and the development of reflective judgment (K. S. Kitchener & P. M. King, 1981), 156 students, 14-28 years old, were tested. Two thirds responded to the Reflective Judgment Interview (RJI) and the Prototypic Reflective Judgment Interview (PRJI) twice, with the 2 administrations approximately 2 weeks apart. The remaining one third were tested at 2-week intervals only on the RJI. The PRJI was desi…
The study of intraindividual differences by means of dynamic factor models: Rationale, implementation, and interpretation
Study of reactive elements of behavior such as those responsible for mood disorder, arousal, and impulsivity often requires use of statistical models that involve time-bound relationships. P. C. M. Molenaar (1985) prposed the dynamic factor model for the analysis of multivariate repeated data. Conducting dynamic factor analyses using traditional structural equation programs is difficult because specification of such models involves extensive prog…
A latent variable model of the Family-of-Origin Scale for adolescents
The study of intraindividual differences by means of dynamic factor models: Rationale, implementation, and interpretation
Male Gender Role Conflict, Depression, and Help Seeking: Do College Men Face Double Jeopardy
To investigate the previously untested hypothesis that college men with higher levels of male gender role conflict (MGRC) experience both increased risk of depression and more negative attitudes toward seeking counseling services, this study used latent variable modeling to examine these relations. Two components of MGRC were identified: restriction‐related MGRC, which predicted 25% of the variance in help‐seeking attitudes, and achievement‐relat…
Response to: The Tetrad Project: Constraint Based Aids to Causal Model Specification
Personality and the predisposition to engage in risky or problem behaviors during adolescence
Longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,978 Black and White adolescents were used to examine the role of personality in multiple risk or problem behaviors. Results indicate that covariation among diverse behaviors (educational underachievement, delinquent behavior, substance use, sexual behavior) can be adequately modeled by a single higher order factor, and that impulsivity and avoidance coping serve as generalized risk factors for i…
Development and testing of the velicer attitudes toward violence scale: Evidence for a four‐factor model
The factor structure of the Velicer Attitudes Toward Violence Scale [VATVS; Velicer, Huckel and Hansen, 1989] was examined in three studies. Study 1 ( n =460 undergraduates) found a poor fit for a hierarchical five‐factor model earlier advanced by Velicer et al. [1989], but a good fit for an oblique four‐factor model. In Study 2, this alternative model was cross‐validated in a confirmatory factor analysis of an additional 195 undergraduate studen…
Analysis of affective instability in ecological momentary assessment: Indices using successive difference and group comparison via multilevel modeling.
Temporal instability of affect is a defining characteristic of psychological disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and mood cycling disorders. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) enables researchers to directly assess such frequent and extreme fluctuations over time. The authors examined 4 operationalizations of such temporal instability: the within-person variance (WPV), the first-order autocorrelation, the mean square succes…
The Justification of Beliefs in Young Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Recent work on adult thought has focused on the emergence of relativistic, dialectic, or integrative assumptions about knowledge. In 1981, Kitchener and King developed a model of reflective judgment that describes seven sets of assumptions about reality and knowledge and corresponding concepts of intellectual justification. This article reports a 2-year longitudinal study of three groups of adolescents and young adults (n = 59) who were tested on…
Inquiring Systems and Problem Structure: Implications for Cognitive Development
Intellectual assessment tasks vary both in the degree and nature of complexity of the problem-solving situation. In order to provide a precise language for describing problem solving, the language of classical decision theory is used to describe intellectual assessment tasks. The ‘structuredness’ of a problem is defined as a lack of specificity of certain parameters of decision theory. The language of inquiring systems is employed to describe dif…
Refining the Notion of Maturing Out: Results From the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions
Objectives. Our aim was to determine if the decrease in drug use disorders with age is attributable to changes in persistence, as implied by the notion of maturing out. Also, we examined the association between role transitions and persistence, recurrence, and new onset of drug use disorders. Methods. We performed secondary analysis of the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions data (baseline assessment 200…
Combinatorial Optimization of Clustering Decisions: An Approach to Refine Psychiatric Diagnoses
Using complete enumeration (e.g., generating all possible subsets of item combinations) to evaluate clustering problems has the benefit of locating globally optimal solutions automatically without the concern of sampling variability. The proposed method is meant to combine clustering variables in such a way as to create groups that are maximally different on a theoretically sound derivation variable(s). After the population of all unique sets is …
Equal Precision Measurement Structural Models
Error variance in structural models is often specified as a conditional variance associated with a manifest variable or as a regression path from a standardized error variance. This paper describes scenarios in which specification of both terms is useful: (1) Corrections for attenuation in single indicator factor models; (2) Tests of the equality in the proportion of explained variance across multiple dependent variables in regression models; (3)…
Combined Logistic and Confined Exponential Growth Models: Estimation Using SEM Software
The logistic and confined exponential curves are frequently used in studies of growth and learning. These models, which are nonlinear in their parameters, can be estimated using structural equation modeling software. This paper proposes a single combined model, a weighted combination of both models. Mplus, Proc Calis, and lavaan code for the model are provided. Monte Carlo simulations varying the number of measurement occasions (5, 10, and 15), i…
Identifying Sociodemographic Community Variables and High School Characteristics Predictive of Subsequent College Alcohol Consumption: Integrating Self-Report, Census, and School Administrative Data
BACKGROUND: Collegiate alcohol consumption is multi-determined by both precollege (e.g., institutional and community background, academic characteristics, precollege drinking) and college variables. However, precollege variables are rarely investigated. Self-reports of collegiate alcohol use were predicted by novel sources of data from university, census, and public administrative records. METHOD: 3,720 first-time, college freshmen at a large, pu…
Psychology (13 works) · Developmental psychology (9 works) · Mathematics (9 works) · Statistics (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Social Psychology (6 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Econometrics (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Clinical Psychology (4 works)