Robert E Shaw
Biographic Data
| ID | 5764397 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Robert E Shaw |
| GIVEN NAMES | Robert E |
| FAMILY NAME | Shaw |
| SIGNATURE | SHAW R E |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Connecticut |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4314-8975 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 5 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Impact of Parental Primary Spoken Language on Postoperative Pain Management in Children, a Retrospective Cohort Study
Language differences did not lead to difference in pain assessment and treatment
Affordance Types and Affordance Tokens
Late in their paper on hypersets, Chemero and Turvey characterize affordances as “quicksilvery,” prone to rapid appearance and disappearance. We contrast this view with Gibson’s emphasis on the stability of affordances. We argue that this apparent discrepancy can be resolved by appeal to the distinction between affordances as indefinite abstract types and definite affordance tokens (instances of the type that share the resemblance relation). Thes…
Hints of Intelligence From First Principles
Are intelligent systems necessarily biological or might they be only physical? We propose that a system be deemed intelligent if its actions exhibit intentional dynamics. A lower bound on intelligence appears in such diverse physical systems as black holes making anticipatory adjustments to approaching matter and particles choosing among myriad possible steps the next least action step. While thermodynamic laws are known to govern black hole dyna…
Could Optical ‘Pushes’ Be Inertial Forces? A Geometro-Dynamical Hypothesis
Under various circumstances perceived optical disturbances have been shown to upset an observer’s upright posture (e.g., Lee’s gliding room), but no principled explanation has yet been proposed that will handle these phenomena. These so-called optical ‘pushes’ are conveyed by kinematic information but they act on the observer as if they were kinetic forces. Information (geometry and time) and forces (geometry, time, and mass) thus are mismatched …
A Primer on the Use of Intentional Dynamics Measures and Methods in Applied Research
Intentional dynamics is a modeling framework that provides methods and measures with which to evaluate and predict goal-directed behavior. The authors introduce the framework by showing how it can be used to solve two general problems in the design of human–machine interaction as they are encountered by designers of driving assistance systems. The first problem the authors treat is that of path planning on tasks in which multiple goals have to be…
The Agent-Environment Interface
A fundamental problem for ecological and cognitive psychology alike is to explain how agents are situated, that is, functionally coupled to their environments so as to facilitate adaptive actions. Herbert Simon (1969/1996) argued that such coupling is artifactual (rule governed), being mediated by symbol functions and necessarily involving information processing. An alternative to this computational approach is offered by James Gibson's (1979/198…
Theoretical Hubris and the Willingness To Be Radical
J.J. Gibson's direct perception thesis is the cornerstone of ecological psychology. Not to understand this is not to understand ecological psychology. Beginning in the summer of 1968, when I first met Gibson, and after working with him for the next year at Cornell, I underwent a conversion crisis. I came to appreciate his thesis through a few philosophical insights that I here share with the reader through an open letter to Gibson, where I seek t…
Processes, Acts, and Experiences
The concept of intentionality addresses "aboutness," how one thing can be about, or refer to, some other thing. The argument I present in this article is that intentionality is an essential ecological concept that depends equally on process (the domain of physics), act (the domain of biology), and experience (the domain of psychology). The meaning of intentionality does not reside in any 1 of these realms, but rests simultaneously on all 3. A cas…
Toward an Ecological Field Theory of Perceptual Control of Locomotion
The field concept was introduced into physics in the 19th century. Soon afterward, some Gestaltists tried to use this approach to characterize the internal global brain process. Conversely, another Gestaltist, Lewin (1938), tried to develop a field description of the physical and social environment in which the brain field was immersed. Later, J. J. Gibson (Gibson & Crooks, 1938/1982) attempted to conceptualize the environment-organism interactio…
Perceiving Persistence Under Change and Over Structure
We explored the hypothesis that to perceive an event is to detect an invariant specific to the style of change and an invariant specific to the object undergoing the style of change-the reciprocal invariants of transformation and structure, respectively. Events were defined by seven geometric transformations that produced a variety of styles of change over different objects. In Experiment 1, we examined the generative and abstract aspects of tran…
Ecological Perspectives on the New Artificial Intelligence
Attractiveness of Facial Profiles Is a Function of Distance From Archetype
The term archetype is used here to refer to a facial structure defined by certain geometric relationships that occur as a result of normal growth and that guarantee efficient mastication. Two experiments are reported that test whether or not facial attractiveness is related to this functional ideal. Attractiveness of female profiles was found to be related strongly to distance from archetype, and this relationship held at different age levels (bu…
Ecological laws of perceiving and acting
On Characteristics of Information in J. J. Gibson's Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Precocious thoughts on number
Precocious thoughts on number
On Characteristics of Information in J. J. Gibson's Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
Ecological laws of perceiving and acting
Attractiveness of Facial Profiles Is a Function of Distance From Archetype
The term archetype is used here to refer to a facial structure defined by certain geometric relationships that occur as a result of normal growth and that guarantee efficient mastication. Two experiments are reported that test whether or not facial attractiveness is related to this functional ideal. Attractiveness of female profiles was found to be related strongly to distance from archetype, and this relationship held at different age levels (bu…
Ecological Perspectives on the New Artificial Intelligence
Perceiving Persistence Under Change and Over Structure
We explored the hypothesis that to perceive an event is to detect an invariant specific to the style of change and an invariant specific to the object undergoing the style of change-the reciprocal invariants of transformation and structure, respectively. Events were defined by seven geometric transformations that produced a variety of styles of change over different objects. In Experiment 1, we examined the generative and abstract aspects of tran…
Toward an Ecological Field Theory of Perceptual Control of Locomotion
The field concept was introduced into physics in the 19th century. Soon afterward, some Gestaltists tried to use this approach to characterize the internal global brain process. Conversely, another Gestaltist, Lewin (1938), tried to develop a field description of the physical and social environment in which the brain field was immersed. Later, J. J. Gibson (Gibson & Crooks, 1938/1982) attempted to conceptualize the environment-organism interactio…
Processes, Acts, and Experiences
The concept of intentionality addresses "aboutness," how one thing can be about, or refer to, some other thing. The argument I present in this article is that intentionality is an essential ecological concept that depends equally on process (the domain of physics), act (the domain of biology), and experience (the domain of psychology). The meaning of intentionality does not reside in any 1 of these realms, but rests simultaneously on all 3. A cas…
Theoretical Hubris and the Willingness To Be Radical
J.J. Gibson's direct perception thesis is the cornerstone of ecological psychology. Not to understand this is not to understand ecological psychology. Beginning in the summer of 1968, when I first met Gibson, and after working with him for the next year at Cornell, I underwent a conversion crisis. I came to appreciate his thesis through a few philosophical insights that I here share with the reader through an open letter to Gibson, where I seek t…
The Agent-Environment Interface
A fundamental problem for ecological and cognitive psychology alike is to explain how agents are situated, that is, functionally coupled to their environments so as to facilitate adaptive actions. Herbert Simon (1969/1996) argued that such coupling is artifactual (rule governed), being mediated by symbol functions and necessarily involving information processing. An alternative to this computational approach is offered by James Gibson's (1979/198…
A Primer on the Use of Intentional Dynamics Measures and Methods in Applied Research
Intentional dynamics is a modeling framework that provides methods and measures with which to evaluate and predict goal-directed behavior. The authors introduce the framework by showing how it can be used to solve two general problems in the design of human–machine interaction as they are encountered by designers of driving assistance systems. The first problem the authors treat is that of path planning on tasks in which multiple goals have to be…
Could Optical ‘Pushes’ Be Inertial Forces? A Geometro-Dynamical Hypothesis
Under various circumstances perceived optical disturbances have been shown to upset an observer’s upright posture (e.g., Lee’s gliding room), but no principled explanation has yet been proposed that will handle these phenomena. These so-called optical ‘pushes’ are conveyed by kinematic information but they act on the observer as if they were kinetic forces. Information (geometry and time) and forces (geometry, time, and mass) thus are mismatched …
Hints of Intelligence From First Principles
Are intelligent systems necessarily biological or might they be only physical? We propose that a system be deemed intelligent if its actions exhibit intentional dynamics. A lower bound on intelligence appears in such diverse physical systems as black holes making anticipatory adjustments to approaching matter and particles choosing among myriad possible steps the next least action step. While thermodynamic laws are known to govern black hole dyna…
Affordance Types and Affordance Tokens
Late in their paper on hypersets, Chemero and Turvey characterize affordances as “quicksilvery,” prone to rapid appearance and disappearance. We contrast this view with Gibson’s emphasis on the stability of affordances. We argue that this apparent discrepancy can be resolved by appeal to the distinction between affordances as indefinite abstract types and definite affordance tokens (instances of the type that share the resemblance relation). Thes…
Impact of Parental Primary Spoken Language on Postoperative Pain Management in Children, a Retrospective Cohort Study
Language differences did not lead to difference in pain assessment and treatment
Computer Science (11 works) · Psychology (11 works) · Artificial Intelligence (8 works) · Cognitive psychology (5 works) · Embodied and Extended Cognition (5 works) · Mathematics (5 works) · Cognitive science (4 works) · Ecology (4 works) · Epistemology (4 works) · Philosophy (4 works)