Patricia R Freeman
Biographic Data
| ID | 5806367 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Patricia R Freeman |
| GIVEN NAMES | Patricia R |
| FAMILY NAME | Freeman |
| SIGNATURE | FREEMAN P R |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kentucky |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4749-6563 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 17 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 29 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 17 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Contraceptive Method Provision Patterns Among Rural and Urban Kentucky Medicaid Enrollees
PURPOSE: To characterize contraceptive provision among the Kentucky Medicaid population and assess for rural-urban disparities. METHODS: Kentucky Medicaid claims from the calendar year 2019 were used to identify females at risk for unintended pregnancy (via a modified version of the criteria defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Population Affairs). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of rur…
Overdose education and naloxone distribution among women with a history of OUD transitioning to the community following jail release
BACKGROUND: The criminal legal system (CLS) provides a critical intervention point for women at high risk for overdose, and the need continues to rise as the number of incarcerated women increases. Effective, targeted prevention interventions to reduce overdose risk for CLS-involved women are needed, such as naloxone distribution. This study describes the overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) procedures used in the Kentucky-hub of t…
The effectiveness of the communities that Heal intervention on reducing non-fatal opioid overdoses
Identifying and responding to policy-related barriers, facilitators, and misunderstandings in the Healing communities study
Effect of the Communities That Heal Intervention on Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution
Objectives. To determine whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention is effective in increasing naloxone distribution compared with usual care. Methods. The HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-Term) Communities Study (HCS) is a cluster-randomized, parallel-arm, wait-list controlled implementation science trial testing the impact of the CTH intervention on increasing the use of evidence-based practices to lower opioid-related overdose …
Rapid jail-based implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
Drug disposal deserts
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the county-level availability of drug disposal receptacles in Kentucky community pharmacies and show the relationship between installed receptacles and opioid analgesic (OA)/controlled substance dispensing rates, stratifying where possible by urban-rural classification. METHODS: Using 2020 data from the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting program and disposal receptacle data f…
Barriers to Buprenorphine Dispensing by Medicaid-Participating Community Retail Pharmacies
In this serial cross-sectional study of Medicaid-participating pharmacies, buprenorphine was not accessible in up to 20% of community retail pharmacies, presenting pharmacy-level barriers to patients with Medicaid seeking buprenorphine treatment. That some pharmacies dispensed opioid analgesics but not buprenorphine suggests that factors other than compliance with the Controlled Substance Act influence pharmacy dispensing decisions
Changes in transmucosal buprenorphine utilization for opioid use disorder treatment during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Kentucky
PURPOSE: With surging opioid-involved overdoses, maintaining access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined changes in transmucosal buprenorphine prescribing for OUD treatment in Kentucky after the national COVID-19 emergency declaration, with a focus on rural-urban differences. METHODS: Using 2019-2020 prescription monitoring data, we performed segmented regression analysis for an interrupted …
Medicaid expansion and access to naloxone in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
Attitudes toward pharmacy‐based HCV/HIV testing among people who use drugs in rural Kentucky
PURPOSE: Rural areas of the United States have experienced outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among people who use drugs (PWUD). Pharmacy-based interventions may play a crucial role in prevention and entry into care, especially when traditional health care access is limited. The willingness of rural PWUD to use pharmacies for HIV/HCV-related services remains unknown. The purpose of this study wa…
Broadband internet subscription rates and opioid prescribing via telemedicine during the Covid‐19 pandemic
PURPOSE: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the US DEA allowed controlled substance prescriptions to be issued following a telemedicine encounter. This study evaluated changes in opioid prescribing in Kentucky counties with low and high rates of broadband subscription before, during, and after a series of statewide emergency declarations that may have affected health care access. METHODS: The study used the prescription drug monitoring program…
Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019
PURPOSE: In 2016, the US rate of opioid use-associated infective endocarditis (OUA IE) hospitalizations was 3.86/100,000 for rural and 3.49/100,000 for urban residents. This study estimates the Kentucky OUA IE hospitalization rates, 2016-2019, describing differences in rural-urban residency trends, demographics, relevant comorbidities, and discharge disposition. OUA IE hospitalization rates between counties with and without syringe services progr…
Variation in Abuse‐Deterrent Formulation Opioid Prescribing in California, Florida, and Kentucky in 2018
PURPOSE: Abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioid analgesics have been developed as a means to address prescription opioid abuse. ADF opioid use in clinical practice is not well described in the literature. This study characterizes ADF opioid prescribing patterns in 3 diverse states. METHODS: This study used data from prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in California, Florida, and Kentucky. The sample includes all ADF opioid prescriptio…
Buprenorphine dispensing in an epicenter of the U.S. opioid epidemic
Trends and Patterns of Opioid Analgesic Prescribing
PURPOSE: Increased opioid analgesic prescribing (OAP) has been associated with increased risk of prescription opioid diversion, misuse, and abuse. We studied regional and rural-urban variations in OAP trends in Kentucky, from 2012 to 2015, and examined potential county-level risk and protective factors. METHODS: This study used prescription drug monitoring data. Marginal models employing generalized estimating equations were used to model repeate…
Eliciting Willingness to Pay Without Bias
Concern exists that hypothetical willingness to pay questions overestimate real willingness to pay. In a field experiment, we compare two methods of removing hypothetical bias, a cheap talk approach and a certainty approach, with real purchases. We find evidence of hypothetical bias for unadulterated contingent valuation. Contingent valuation with certainty statements removes the hypothetical bias, but the cheap talk approach has no significant i…
Eliciting Willingness to Pay Without Bias
Concern exists that hypothetical willingness to pay questions overestimate real willingness to pay. In a field experiment, we compare two methods of removing hypothetical bias, a cheap talk approach and a certainty approach, with real purchases. We find evidence of hypothetical bias for unadulterated contingent valuation. Contingent valuation with certainty statements removes the hypothetical bias, but the cheap talk approach has no significant i…
Eliciting Willingness to Pay Without Bias
Concern exists that hypothetical willingness to pay questions overestimate real willingness to pay. In a field experiment, we compare two methods of removing hypothetical bias, a cheap talk approach and a certainty approach, with real purchases. We find evidence of hypothetical bias for unadulterated contingent valuation. Contingent valuation with certainty statements removes the hypothetical bias, but the cheap talk approach has no significant i…
Trends and Patterns of Opioid Analgesic Prescribing
PURPOSE: Increased opioid analgesic prescribing (OAP) has been associated with increased risk of prescription opioid diversion, misuse, and abuse. We studied regional and rural-urban variations in OAP trends in Kentucky, from 2012 to 2015, and examined potential county-level risk and protective factors. METHODS: This study used prescription drug monitoring data. Marginal models employing generalized estimating equations were used to model repeate…
Buprenorphine dispensing in an epicenter of the U.S. opioid epidemic
Variation in Abuse‐Deterrent Formulation Opioid Prescribing in California, Florida, and Kentucky in 2018
PURPOSE: Abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) opioid analgesics have been developed as a means to address prescription opioid abuse. ADF opioid use in clinical practice is not well described in the literature. This study characterizes ADF opioid prescribing patterns in 3 diverse states. METHODS: This study used data from prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) in California, Florida, and Kentucky. The sample includes all ADF opioid prescriptio…
Attitudes toward pharmacy‐based HCV/HIV testing among people who use drugs in rural Kentucky
PURPOSE: Rural areas of the United States have experienced outbreaks of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among people who use drugs (PWUD). Pharmacy-based interventions may play a crucial role in prevention and entry into care, especially when traditional health care access is limited. The willingness of rural PWUD to use pharmacies for HIV/HCV-related services remains unknown. The purpose of this study wa…
Broadband internet subscription rates and opioid prescribing via telemedicine during the Covid‐19 pandemic
PURPOSE: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the US DEA allowed controlled substance prescriptions to be issued following a telemedicine encounter. This study evaluated changes in opioid prescribing in Kentucky counties with low and high rates of broadband subscription before, during, and after a series of statewide emergency declarations that may have affected health care access. METHODS: The study used the prescription drug monitoring program…
Rural‐urban differences in hospitalizations for opioid use‐associated infective endocarditis in Kentucky, 2016‐2019
PURPOSE: In 2016, the US rate of opioid use-associated infective endocarditis (OUA IE) hospitalizations was 3.86/100,000 for rural and 3.49/100,000 for urban residents. This study estimates the Kentucky OUA IE hospitalization rates, 2016-2019, describing differences in rural-urban residency trends, demographics, relevant comorbidities, and discharge disposition. OUA IE hospitalization rates between counties with and without syringe services progr…
Changes in transmucosal buprenorphine utilization for opioid use disorder treatment during the Covid‐19 pandemic in Kentucky
PURPOSE: With surging opioid-involved overdoses, maintaining access to opioid use disorder (OUD) treatment is critical during the COVID-19 pandemic. We examined changes in transmucosal buprenorphine prescribing for OUD treatment in Kentucky after the national COVID-19 emergency declaration, with a focus on rural-urban differences. METHODS: Using 2019-2020 prescription monitoring data, we performed segmented regression analysis for an interrupted …
Medicaid expansion and access to naloxone in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas
Rapid jail-based implementation of overdose education and naloxone distribution in response to the Covid-19 pandemic
Drug disposal deserts
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe the county-level availability of drug disposal receptacles in Kentucky community pharmacies and show the relationship between installed receptacles and opioid analgesic (OA)/controlled substance dispensing rates, stratifying where possible by urban-rural classification. METHODS: Using 2020 data from the Kentucky All Schedule Prescription Electronic Reporting program and disposal receptacle data f…
Barriers to Buprenorphine Dispensing by Medicaid-Participating Community Retail Pharmacies
In this serial cross-sectional study of Medicaid-participating pharmacies, buprenorphine was not accessible in up to 20% of community retail pharmacies, presenting pharmacy-level barriers to patients with Medicaid seeking buprenorphine treatment. That some pharmacies dispensed opioid analgesics but not buprenorphine suggests that factors other than compliance with the Controlled Substance Act influence pharmacy dispensing decisions
Overdose education and naloxone distribution among women with a history of OUD transitioning to the community following jail release
BACKGROUND: The criminal legal system (CLS) provides a critical intervention point for women at high risk for overdose, and the need continues to rise as the number of incarcerated women increases. Effective, targeted prevention interventions to reduce overdose risk for CLS-involved women are needed, such as naloxone distribution. This study describes the overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) procedures used in the Kentucky-hub of t…
The effectiveness of the communities that Heal intervention on reducing non-fatal opioid overdoses
Identifying and responding to policy-related barriers, facilitators, and misunderstandings in the Healing communities study
Effect of the Communities That Heal Intervention on Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution
Objectives. To determine whether the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention is effective in increasing naloxone distribution compared with usual care. Methods. The HEALing (Helping to End Addiction Long-Term) Communities Study (HCS) is a cluster-randomized, parallel-arm, wait-list controlled implementation science trial testing the impact of the CTH intervention on increasing the use of evidence-based practices to lower opioid-related overdose …
Contraceptive Method Provision Patterns Among Rural and Urban Kentucky Medicaid Enrollees
PURPOSE: To characterize contraceptive provision among the Kentucky Medicaid population and assess for rural-urban disparities. METHODS: Kentucky Medicaid claims from the calendar year 2019 were used to identify females at risk for unintended pregnancy (via a modified version of the criteria defined by the US Department of Health and Human Services Office of Population Affairs). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the impact of rur…
Medicine (13 works) · Opioid Use Disorder Treatment (12 works) · HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk (11 works) · Opioid (10 works) · Internal Medicine (9 works) · Nursing (8 works) · Family medicine (6 works) · Medical emergency (6 works) · Rural area (6 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (6 works)