Bernard T Engel
Biographic Data
| ID | 5838156 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bernard T Engel |
| GIVEN NAMES | Bernard T |
| FAMILY NAME | Engel |
| SIGNATURE | ENGEL B T |
| AFFILIATIONS | Baltimore City Health Department |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 15 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1960 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
An Historical and Critical Review of the Articles on Blood Pressure Published in Psychosomatic Medicine Between 1939 and 1997
Between 1939 and 1997, there have been 59 volumes of Psychosomatic Medicine. Over this period there were 200 articles dealing with blood pressure. About 90% of these were concerned with high blood pressure. This article reviews all of these papers both from an historical perspective and critically. Although there has been a significant growth in the rate of articles published since 1939, there has always been a strong interest in the nature of hy…
A controlled study of a standardized behavioral stepped treatment for hypertension
A standardized behavioral stepped care (SC) treatment for hypertension (blood pressure monitoring followed by self-administered systolic blood pressure biofeedback and relaxation, in sequence, as needed) was administered to 51 patients whose blood pressures were medically controlled to within normal limits. The effects of treatment upon blood pressure, medication requirements, and cost of care were compared with those of 51 referred care (RC) con…
Psychosomatic medicine, behavioral medicine, just plain medicine
Neurally mediated physiologic responses fulfill all of the criteria for behavior and obey all of the laws of behavior subject to the anatomic and physiologic constraints inherent in their structures and functions. It is illogical and wrong to assert that neurally mediated responses interact with behavior. THEY ARE BEHAVIOR. These principles are a legitimate and necessary part of the training of all medical students, residents, and fellows. The co…
The Relation of Chest Pain Symptoms to Angiographic Findings of Coronary Artery Stenosis and Neuroticism
The present article examines the relations among self-reported and physician-estimated chest pain variables to angiographically determined coronary stenosis (CAD) and neuroticism scores. Six of the 48 chest pain variables were significantly related to coronary stenosis, but only one variable, chest pain elicited by walking, was positively related to stenosis. Chest pain during sleep, sighing and dizziness accompanying chest pain, right lower ches…
A Behavioral Analysis of Chest Pain in Patients Suspected of Having Coronary Artery Disease
A group of 83 men and women who had been referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital for cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain and possible coronary artery bypass surgery were assessed behaviorally for their chest pains. During the approximately 2-week period between clinical evaluation and catheterization, the patients completed self-report forms about their chest pains. Patients completed one form for each episode of chest pain. Referring…
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure
This article is the third in a series of studies designed to evaluate systolic blood pressure biofeedback and relaxation in the treatment of elevated blood pressure. It reports on the posttreatment follow-up results. The main findings were that patients who received the behavioral treatments could achieve and sustain reductions in blood pressure for at least 18 months. Furthermore, a number of patients who were receiving diuretic therapy to contr…
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure I I. Acute and Sustained Effects of Relaxation and Systolic Blood Pressure Biofeedback
The effects on blood pressure of regular patient and professional monitoring of blood pressure, extensive patient-involved assessment of results, relaxation, and systolic blood pressure biofeedback are analyzed by comparisons of data from two 3-month treatment periods with results from a 1-month baseline period and by comparisons among control and treatment groups. Ninety borderline hypertensive patients completed the treatments. Major findings a…
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure. I. Analyses of Intra- and Interdaily Variations of Blood Pressure During A One-Month, Baseline Period
A group of 125 patients was enrolled in a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of two behavioral treatments of high blood pressure, "relaxation' and systolic blood pressure "biofeedback." All patients monitored their pressures three times daily and also had their pressures recorded by a health professional weekly for a one-month, baseline period. This article reports only the results form the baseline period. The main findings are: 1) ext…
Psychosomatic Medicine and Aging Research
From the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20014. Received for publication July 3,1978
A Behavioral Strategy for Promoting Treatment Compliance Following Myocardial Infarction
Seven men who had recently experienced a myocardial infarction were treated for medical noncompliance. Patient selection was based on recent and past noncompliant behaviors, denial of infarct, and degree of job involvement. Treatment strategy included (1) self-planning of a rehabilitation program by the patient (activity hierarchy), (2) self-monitoring of bio-behavioral data, (3) weekly visits to review data and decide on new activities. Results …
Learned Control of Ventricular Rate in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Six patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease on stable digitalis regimens were trained to slow and to speed ventricular rate (VR). Two subjects were more consistent in their ability to slow VR; two subjects were more consistent in their ability to speed VR; and the remaining two subjects were able to slow and to speed VR reliably. All subjects were able to control VR differentially during sequential slowing and s…
Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate in Patients with Premature Ventricular Contractions
Operant conditioning of heart rate (HR) was carried out in 8 patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). All of the patients showed some degree of HR control. Five of these patients showed a decrease in PVCs in association with the learning of HR control. Four patients have shown persistence of a low PVC frequency after study, the longest followup being 21 months. Pharmacologic studies suggested that decreased PVC frequency was media…
Differential Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate
Five normal female subjects (Ss) were taught to increase and decrease cyclically their heart rate (HR) by means of a differential operant conditioning technique. Discrimination between slowing and speeding was easily demonstrated; however, the ability significantly to increase and decrease HR relative to resting rate was less apparent. Although each S could do this on at least one occasion, only 2 Ss did so with consistency. Breathing or musculos…
Autonomic Response Specificity
Responses for eight ANS variables are reported for 30 male college students under four stimulus conditions in an investigation of individual response specificity and stereotypy. It was found that neither direction nor magnitude of reaction was significantly related to prestimulus level for any of the untransformed variables. Reactivity in this study was based, therefore, upon raw score changes, except for the customary transformation--"log palmar…
Autonomic Response Patterns During Intravenous Infusion of Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine
Eleven male college students received infusions of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Blood pressure was sampled once a minute, and the following were recorded continuously: heart rate; respiration rate; palmar skin conductance; finger pulse volume; finger, face, and axillary temperatures; heart stroke-volume; stomach motility; and salivary output. Each drug was given in a separate experimental session in three 5-minute infusion periods, 2 at 20 dr…
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Autonomic Response Patterns During Intravenous Infusion of Epinephrine and Nor-epinephrine
Eleven male college students received infusions of epinephrine and nor-epinephrine. Blood pressure was sampled once a minute, and the following were recorded continuously: heart rate; respiration rate; palmar skin conductance; finger pulse volume; finger, face, and axillary temperatures; heart stroke-volume; stomach motility; and salivary output. Each drug was given in a separate experimental session in three 5-minute infusion periods, 2 at 20 dr…
Autonomic Response Specificity
Responses for eight ANS variables are reported for 30 male college students under four stimulus conditions in an investigation of individual response specificity and stereotypy. It was found that neither direction nor magnitude of reaction was significantly related to prestimulus level for any of the untransformed variables. Reactivity in this study was based, therefore, upon raw score changes, except for the customary transformation--"log palmar…
Differential Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate
Five normal female subjects (Ss) were taught to increase and decrease cyclically their heart rate (HR) by means of a differential operant conditioning technique. Discrimination between slowing and speeding was easily demonstrated; however, the ability significantly to increase and decrease HR relative to resting rate was less apparent. Although each S could do this on at least one occasion, only 2 Ss did so with consistency. Breathing or musculos…
Operant Conditioning of Heart Rate in Patients with Premature Ventricular Contractions
Operant conditioning of heart rate (HR) was carried out in 8 patients with premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). All of the patients showed some degree of HR control. Five of these patients showed a decrease in PVCs in association with the learning of HR control. Four patients have shown persistence of a low PVC frequency after study, the longest followup being 21 months. Pharmacologic studies suggested that decreased PVC frequency was media…
Learned Control of Ventricular Rate in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Six patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) and rheumatic heart disease on stable digitalis regimens were trained to slow and to speed ventricular rate (VR). Two subjects were more consistent in their ability to slow VR; two subjects were more consistent in their ability to speed VR; and the remaining two subjects were able to slow and to speed VR reliably. All subjects were able to control VR differentially during sequential slowing and s…
Psychosomatic Medicine and Aging Research
From the National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20014. Received for publication July 3,1978
A Behavioral Strategy for Promoting Treatment Compliance Following Myocardial Infarction
Seven men who had recently experienced a myocardial infarction were treated for medical noncompliance. Patient selection was based on recent and past noncompliant behaviors, denial of infarct, and degree of job involvement. Treatment strategy included (1) self-planning of a rehabilitation program by the patient (activity hierarchy), (2) self-monitoring of bio-behavioral data, (3) weekly visits to review data and decide on new activities. Results …
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure. I. Analyses of Intra- and Interdaily Variations of Blood Pressure During A One-Month, Baseline Period
A group of 125 patients was enrolled in a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of two behavioral treatments of high blood pressure, "relaxation' and systolic blood pressure "biofeedback." All patients monitored their pressures three times daily and also had their pressures recorded by a health professional weekly for a one-month, baseline period. This article reports only the results form the baseline period. The main findings are: 1) ext…
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure I I. Acute and Sustained Effects of Relaxation and Systolic Blood Pressure Biofeedback
The effects on blood pressure of regular patient and professional monitoring of blood pressure, extensive patient-involved assessment of results, relaxation, and systolic blood pressure biofeedback are analyzed by comparisons of data from two 3-month treatment periods with results from a 1-month baseline period and by comparisons among control and treatment groups. Ninety borderline hypertensive patients completed the treatments. Major findings a…
Behavioral Treatment of High Blood Pressure
This article is the third in a series of studies designed to evaluate systolic blood pressure biofeedback and relaxation in the treatment of elevated blood pressure. It reports on the posttreatment follow-up results. The main findings were that patients who received the behavioral treatments could achieve and sustain reductions in blood pressure for at least 18 months. Furthermore, a number of patients who were receiving diuretic therapy to contr…
The Relation of Chest Pain Symptoms to Angiographic Findings of Coronary Artery Stenosis and Neuroticism
The present article examines the relations among self-reported and physician-estimated chest pain variables to angiographically determined coronary stenosis (CAD) and neuroticism scores. Six of the 48 chest pain variables were significantly related to coronary stenosis, but only one variable, chest pain elicited by walking, was positively related to stenosis. Chest pain during sleep, sighing and dizziness accompanying chest pain, right lower ches…
A Behavioral Analysis of Chest Pain in Patients Suspected of Having Coronary Artery Disease
A group of 83 men and women who had been referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital for cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain and possible coronary artery bypass surgery were assessed behaviorally for their chest pains. During the approximately 2-week period between clinical evaluation and catheterization, the patients completed self-report forms about their chest pains. Patients completed one form for each episode of chest pain. Referring…
Psychosomatic medicine, behavioral medicine, just plain medicine
Neurally mediated physiologic responses fulfill all of the criteria for behavior and obey all of the laws of behavior subject to the anatomic and physiologic constraints inherent in their structures and functions. It is illogical and wrong to assert that neurally mediated responses interact with behavior. THEY ARE BEHAVIOR. These principles are a legitimate and necessary part of the training of all medical students, residents, and fellows. The co…
A controlled study of a standardized behavioral stepped treatment for hypertension
A standardized behavioral stepped care (SC) treatment for hypertension (blood pressure monitoring followed by self-administered systolic blood pressure biofeedback and relaxation, in sequence, as needed) was administered to 51 patients whose blood pressures were medically controlled to within normal limits. The effects of treatment upon blood pressure, medication requirements, and cost of care were compared with those of 51 referred care (RC) con…
An Historical and Critical Review of the Articles on Blood Pressure Published in Psychosomatic Medicine Between 1939 and 1997
Between 1939 and 1997, there have been 59 volumes of Psychosomatic Medicine. Over this period there were 200 articles dealing with blood pressure. About 90% of these were concerned with high blood pressure. This article reviews all of these papers both from an historical perspective and critically. Although there has been a significant growth in the rate of articles published since 1939, there has always been a strong interest in the nature of hy…
Medicine (15 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Internal Medicine (11 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Blood pressure (8 works) · Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control (7 works) · Anesthesia (6 works) · Cardiology (5 works) · Physical therapy (5 works) · Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies (4 works)