Richard A Charter
Biographic Data
| ID | 5853844 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Richard A Charter |
| GIVEN NAMES | Richard A |
| FAMILY NAME | Charter |
| SIGNATURE | CHARTER R A |
| AFFILIATIONS | VA Long Beach Healthcare System |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 13 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1982 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Statistical Significance and Reliability of Single-Subtest and Cluster Deviation Scores
Suppose one has a battery of K subtests and a composite for the battery is defined as the mean of the K standardized subtest scores. An individual's single-subtest deviation score is the difference between the individual's score on any single subtest and his composite score. A cluster deviation score is the difference between an examinee's average for a small set (cluster) of subtests and his composite. Formulas are given for the test of statisti…
Statistical Approaches to Achieving Sufficiently High Test Score Reliabilities for Research Purposes
The author provides statistical approaches to aid investigators in assuring that sufficiently high test score reliabilities are achieved for specific research purposes. The statistical approaches use tests of statistical significance between the obtained reliability and lowest population reliability that an investigator will tolerate. The statistical approaches work for coefficient alpha and related coefficients and for alternate-forms, split-hal…
A Practical use for the KR-21 Reliability Coefficient
KR–21 provides a lower limit for the computed value of KR–20. KR–20 is equivalent to coefficient alpha when a test is composed of dichotomous items scored 0 or 1. Therefore, KR–21 coefficients, computed from simple summary statistics, can be used in cases in which journal authors do not provide the test score reliability. Use of KR–21 in these cases will provide the reader with a lower limit for the value of KR–20
Averaging Internal Consistency Reliability Coefficients
Seven approaches to averaging reliability coefficients are presented. Each approach starts with a unique definition of the concept of “average,” and no approach is more correct than the others. Six of the approaches are applicable to internal consistency coefficients. The seventh approach is specific to alternate-forms coefficients. Although the approaches generally produce unequal averages, a Monte Carlo study found little difference among the a…
Score Reliability for Tests Constructed for African-American Populations
Test score reliabilities and sample sizes (N) used to establish the reliabilities are described for a variety of tests constructed for African-American populations. The sample size was 341. The average internal consistency reliability was .74 (SD = .16) with a median value of .77. The median N was 131. The mean internal consistency reliability and median N for tests intended for assessment of individuals were only .72 and 96, respectively
Validity and Reliability of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-Fast): Comment on Veazey, Et Al. (2005)
A Simple Computational Alternative to Analysis of Variance Formulas for Estimating the K -Judge Reliability
Formulas requiring the computation of only three standard deviations are presented for computing the interjudge reliability coefficient for any number of judges. These formulas yield coefficients identical to those obtained from a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Even researchers with small handheld calculators can use this simple approach
Evidence for Aging as the Cause of Alzheimer's Disease
Evidence for Aging as the Cause of Alzheimer's Disease
Part 1 presents the results of a meta-analytic study on the effects of aging on intelligence. Analysis of a total of 20 longitudinal samples shows that most of the intelligence scores rose before the age of 50 and fell at a progressively increasing rate after the age of 50. An equation describing this rise and fall in intelligence was derived. Part 2 shows the relationship between the predicted prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (from the equation…
Combining Reliability Coefficients: Possible Application to Meta-Analysis and Reliability Generalization
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Note on Knight's Analysis of the Wais-Iii Instruction Effect on the Matrix Reasoning Subtest
Boston Naming Test: Problems with Administration and Scoring
The poorly written administration and scoring instructions for the Boston Naming Test allow too wide a range of interpretations. Three different, seemingly correct interpretations of the scoring methods were compared. The results show that these methods can produce large differences in the total score
Note on Knight's Analysis of the Wais-Iii Instruction Effect on the Matrix Reasoning Subtest
Estimation of Internal Consistency Reliability When Test Parts Vary in Effective Length
Evaluating a test's reliability often requires dividing it into 3 or more unequal parts, which causes violation of the tau equivalence assumption of Cronbach's alpha. This article presents a criterion for abandoning alpha and an approach for computing a more appropriate estimate of reliability, the Gilmer-Feldt coefficient (J. S. Gilmer & L. S. Feldt, 1983)
Study Samples Are Too Small to Produce Sufficiently Precise Reliability Coefficients
In a survey of journal articles, test manuals, and test critique books, the author found that a mean sample size (N) of 260 participants had been used for reliability studies on 742 tests. The distribution was skewed because the median sample size for the total sample was only 90. The median sample sizes for the internal consistency, retest, and interjudge reliabilities were 182, 64, and 36, respectively. The author presented sample size statisti…
A Breakdown of Reliability Coefficients by Test Type and Reliability Method, and the Clinical Implications of Low Reliability
The author presented descriptive statistics for 937 reliability coefficients for various reliability methods (e.g., alpha) and test types (e.g., intelligence). He compared the average reliability coefficients with the reliability standards that are suggested by experts and found that most average reliabilities were less than ideal. Correlations showed that over the past several decades there has been neither a rise nor a decline in the value of i…
The Importance of Reliability as It Relates to True Score Confidence Intervals
Presented is a detailed description of 2 true score confidence interval approaches, their use, interpretation, and a philosophical conflict that arises in many applied instances
It is Time to Bury the Spearman-Brown “Prophecy” Formula for Some Common Applications
The restrictive assumption of classical parallelism for the Spearman-Brown formulas makes them obsolete when the two-part alpha and coefficient alpha formulas can be used. The alpha coefficients require the less restrictive assumption of essential tau-equivalence. Even small reliability differences produced by the Spearman-Brown and alpha coefficient formulas on the same data can result in large applied differences
Random Responding to the MMPI–2 F Scale
Exact probabilities for a variety of F scale cutoffs are presented for detecting examinees who respond randomly to the MMPI–2 items
Testing the Equality of Two or More Split-Half Reliability Coefficients
Methods for testing the equality of two or more split-half reliability coefficients as calculated by the Spearman-Brown or the two-part alpha approaches are provided
Discrepancy Scores of Reliabilities of the Wais–III
Internal consistency reliabilities for the WAIS-III IQ, Index, and subtest discrepancy scores are provided. The reliabilities range from .44 to .88
Discrepancy Scores of Reliabilities of the Wais-Iii
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Formulas for Combining Summary Statistics
Problems with the Paired t Formula in Some Introductory Statistics Books
Six different formulas for the paired t were found in introductory statistics books. Five are correct. An example shows how using the incorrect formula can result in the wrong research conclusion
Formulas for Combining Summary Statistics
A Breakdown of Reliability Coefficients by Test Type and Reliability Method, and the Clinical Implications of Low Reliability
The author presented descriptive statistics for 937 reliability coefficients for various reliability methods (e.g., alpha) and test types (e.g., intelligence). He compared the average reliability coefficients with the reliability standards that are suggested by experts and found that most average reliabilities were less than ideal. Correlations showed that over the past several decades there has been neither a rise nor a decline in the value of i…
The Importance of Reliability as It Relates to True Score Confidence Intervals
Presented is a detailed description of 2 true score confidence interval approaches, their use, interpretation, and a philosophical conflict that arises in many applied instances
Estimation of Internal Consistency Reliability When Test Parts Vary in Effective Length
Evaluating a test's reliability often requires dividing it into 3 or more unequal parts, which causes violation of the tau equivalence assumption of Cronbach's alpha. This article presents a criterion for abandoning alpha and an approach for computing a more appropriate estimate of reliability, the Gilmer-Feldt coefficient (J. S. Gilmer & L. S. Feldt, 1983)
Practical Formulas of Strength of Association Measures
Several authors have encouraged the use of strength of association measures as a step beyond tests of significance. However, it is still rare to see these measures reported in the literature. Since most journals do not publish complete ANOVA tables, it is generally not possible for readers to compute these measures for themselves. Practical formulas for several ANOVA designs and models are presented which make it possible for readers to compute t…
Fisher's Z to R
While tables and formulas for Fisher's z transformations are commonly included in introductory statistics books, the reverse of this transformation, namely, Fisher's z to r, is not included. Two Fisher's z to r formulas are presented
The Origin and Formulation of Chinese Character: An Introduction to Confucianism and Its Influence on Chinese Behavior Patterns
Confucianism has had a powerful influence on Chinese behavior and social structure for the past 2,000 years. Some of these influences produce roadblocks to conventional Western psychotherapy and counseling when used on Chinese Americans with traditional values. The Confucianism influence on the Chinese is described with suggestions for psychotherapists and counselors who have Chinese and Chinese American clients
Testing for True Score Differences Using the Confidence Interval Method
Testing for True Score Differences Using the Confidence Interval Method
A formula for using confidence intervals in testing statistical significance between two test scores is presented
Confidence Interval Formulas for Split-Half Reliability Coefficients
Confidence interval formulas for the Spearman-Brown and the two-part coefficient alpha are presented
It is Time to Bury the Spearman-Brown “Prophecy” Formula for Some Common Applications
The restrictive assumption of classical parallelism for the Spearman-Brown formulas makes them obsolete when the two-part alpha and coefficient alpha formulas can be used. The alpha coefficients require the less restrictive assumption of essential tau-equivalence. Even small reliability differences produced by the Spearman-Brown and alpha coefficient formulas on the same data can result in large applied differences
Random Responding to the MMPI–2 F Scale
Exact probabilities for a variety of F scale cutoffs are presented for detecting examinees who respond randomly to the MMPI–2 items
Testing the Equality of Two or More Split-Half Reliability Coefficients
Methods for testing the equality of two or more split-half reliability coefficients as calculated by the Spearman-Brown or the two-part alpha approaches are provided
Discrepancy Scores of Reliabilities of the Wais–III
Internal consistency reliabilities for the WAIS-III IQ, Index, and subtest discrepancy scores are provided. The reliabilities range from .44 to .88
Discrepancy Scores of Reliabilities of the Wais-Iii
ammonsscientific.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, ammonsscientific.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for
Formulas for Combining Summary Statistics
Problems with the Paired t Formula in Some Introductory Statistics Books
Six different formulas for the paired t were found in introductory statistics books. Five are correct. An example shows how using the incorrect formula can result in the wrong research conclusion
Formulas for Combining Summary Statistics
Formulas for Combining Summary Statistics
Formulas for computing the combined mean and standard deviation for any number of groups are presented. These formulas produce results that are different from the pooling (averaging) method
The Importance of Reliability as It Relates to True Score Confidence Intervals
Presented is a detailed description of 2 true score confidence interval approaches, their use, interpretation, and a philosophical conflict that arises in many applied instances
Combining Reliability Coefficients: Possible Application to Meta-Analysis and Reliability Generalization
ammonsscientific.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, ammonsscientific.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for
Note on Knight's Analysis of the Wais-Iii Instruction Effect on the Matrix Reasoning Subtest
Boston Naming Test: Problems with Administration and Scoring
The poorly written administration and scoring instructions for the Boston Naming Test allow too wide a range of interpretations. Three different, seemingly correct interpretations of the scoring methods were compared. The results show that these methods can produce large differences in the total score
Note on Knight's Analysis of the Wais-Iii Instruction Effect on the Matrix Reasoning Subtest
Estimation of Internal Consistency Reliability When Test Parts Vary in Effective Length
Evaluating a test's reliability often requires dividing it into 3 or more unequal parts, which causes violation of the tau equivalence assumption of Cronbach's alpha. This article presents a criterion for abandoning alpha and an approach for computing a more appropriate estimate of reliability, the Gilmer-Feldt coefficient (J. S. Gilmer & L. S. Feldt, 1983)
Study Samples Are Too Small to Produce Sufficiently Precise Reliability Coefficients
In a survey of journal articles, test manuals, and test critique books, the author found that a mean sample size (N) of 260 participants had been used for reliability studies on 742 tests. The distribution was skewed because the median sample size for the total sample was only 90. The median sample sizes for the internal consistency, retest, and interjudge reliabilities were 182, 64, and 36, respectively. The author presented sample size statisti…
A Breakdown of Reliability Coefficients by Test Type and Reliability Method, and the Clinical Implications of Low Reliability
The author presented descriptive statistics for 937 reliability coefficients for various reliability methods (e.g., alpha) and test types (e.g., intelligence). He compared the average reliability coefficients with the reliability standards that are suggested by experts and found that most average reliabilities were less than ideal. Correlations showed that over the past several decades there has been neither a rise nor a decline in the value of i…
A Simple Computational Alternative to Analysis of Variance Formulas for Estimating the K -Judge Reliability
Formulas requiring the computation of only three standard deviations are presented for computing the interjudge reliability coefficient for any number of judges. These formulas yield coefficients identical to those obtained from a one-way repeated-measures analysis of variance. Even researchers with small handheld calculators can use this simple approach
Evidence for Aging as the Cause of Alzheimer's Disease
Psychology (26 works) · Mathematics (25 works) · Statistics (24 works) · Reliability (semiconductor (12 works) · Advanced Statistical Methods and Models (9 works) · Psychometrics (9 works) · Computer Science (8 works) · Engineering (8 works) · Reliability engineering (8 works) · Test (biology (8 works)