Harvard L Armus
Biographic Data
| ID | 5854103 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Harvard L Armus |
| GIVEN NAMES | Harvard L |
| FAMILY NAME | Armus |
| SIGNATURE | ARMUS H L |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Toledo |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1958 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Rats' Knowledge of Incorrect Responses in a Matching-to-Sample Task
The idea that rats possess some knowledge about having been incorrect when having previously made an incorrect response is proposed. A matching-to-sample task with a second choice was used to assess the hypothesis. Only if the correct lever was chosen on the second choice was the animal rewarded. Further, the second choice was offered whether the animal was initially correct or incorrect in its first choice, preventing it from "knowing" if it had…
Effect of Response Effort on the Reward Value of Distinctively Flavored Food Pellets
This study was designed to test whether distinctively flavored food pellets, used as rewards for lever-pressing by rats, would acquire different reward values as a function of the differential effort involved in making the lever pressing response which would be predictable from the concept of cognitive dissonance. Subjects were seven Long-Evans strain hooded rats, 301-308 days old at the start of the study and had had their body weights reduced t…
Effect of Response Effort on the Reward Value of Distinctively Flavored Food Pellets
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Aversive and Attractive Properties of Electrical Stimulation for Paramecium Caudatum
Effect of Response Effort on Secondary Reward Value
This study tested whether a distinctive secondary rewarding stimulus (a black or a white goal box) of a Y-maze associated with a difficult response (running “uphill”) would be preferred to the box associated with an easy response (running on a horizontal plane). If so, it would indicate that secondary reward value was positively related to response difficulty in organisms having little in the way of cultural conditioning, namely, laboratory rats.…
Response Difficulty
Response Difficulty
Past research on the relation between response effort and response rate in humans has not considered the effect of subjects' sex. Subjects (22 men and 23 women) were asked to pull a trigger repeatedly when the force required to pull the trigger was varied for each subject at 5, 10, 15, or 20 lb. At the lower force requirements, combined, women made more responses than at the combination of the two higher force requirements. For men, however, this…
Effects of Frustration Increase and Decrease on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times
The finding by H. L. Armus (1986) that short (less than 1 s) interresponse times (IRTs) occur with greater frequency at higher levels of required lever-pressing effort was investigated. It has been hypothesized that greater percentages of short IRTs at higher effort requirements are an expression of frustration (S. Boyer & R. Carroll, 1980); in the present study, between-groups manipulations of effort and reward combinations were made in an attem…
Effect of Response Effort With Reward for Leverpress or Release
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Effect of Effort on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times
This study investigated the effect of response effort on the percentage of short interresponse times under constant and varied effort conditions. After training on a lever-pressing task, rats were subjected to either a constant or a varied 10-g or 55-g response force (effort) requirement. The percentage of short interresponse times (under 1 sec.) was recorded in both acquisition and extinction phases of testing. The findings showed no effect of e…
Effect of Response Effort Requirement on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times under Delayed and Immediate Reinforcement
Higher levels of required response effort on an operant task resulted in a greater percentage of short (less than 1 sec.) interresponse times for rats receiving a 2-sec. delay of food reinforcement. These results and those of previous studies were discussed in terms of a possible explanation based on salience of response feedback stimuli
Startle and Reward-Based Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Using 30 male rats in a within-subjects design, the hypothesis was tested that avoidance-avoidance conflict based on the omission of food reward in a two-choice discrimination task would result in a more intense acoustic startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. To maintain a high level of conflict, training days were interspersed between test days. Data showed no differences between conflict and nonconflict conditions
Effect of Thirst on the Acoustic Startle Reflex
Eight rats were tested for acoustic startle, using a within-subjects design, while they were under either 0 or 21 hr. water deprivation. The startle stimulus was a percussive, non-tonal sound. No significant effect of thirst on startle was found
Effect of Hunger on the Acoustic Startle Reflex
There are conflicting reports concerning the effect of intensity of appetitive drive on the acoustic startle reflex. Eight rats were tested for acoustic startle, using a within-subjects design, while under either 0 or 20 hr. food deprivation. No over-all significant effect was found, although 0-hr. deprivation showed greater startle on the last day of testing
Effect of Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict on Magnitude of Startle
The present study used 13 male, hooded rats in a within-subjects design to test the hypothesis that a modified avoidance-avoidance conflict situation in a discrimination learning task would evoke a more intense auditory startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. The presumed mechanism was an increase in drive or arousal, as a consequence of the conflict, resulting in greater startle. The findings were inconsistent with the hypothes…
Effect of Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict on Startle Magnitude
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that conflict increases the magnitude of the startle response. Animals were trained to enter a dark goal box to avoid electric shock. 10 animals reached criterion performance of 16 consecutive correct goal-box choices and were then tested for startle under conflict and con-conflict conditions over 3 test days. The results supported the hypothesis that conflict increases the magnitude of the s…
Effect of a Secondary Reinforcement Stimulus on the Auditory Startle Response
Two experiments were carried out in which food-deprived rats received food pellets in the presence of an intermittent light-sound stimulus. The animals were then tested in a stabilimeter device for magnitude of startle reaction to a loud, percussive sound in the presence and absence of the light-sound (secondary reinforcement) stimulus. Exp. I showed a non-significant tendency for the startle amplitude to be less in the presence of the secondary …
Effect of Primary Reinforcement Schedule on Secondary Reinforcement Strength with Continuous Secondary Reinforcement during Training
Effect of Percentage of Reinforcement and Distribution of Acquisition Trials on Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Effect of Percentage of Reinforcement and Distribution of Acquisition Trials on Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Drive Level and Habit Reversal
Drive Level and Habit Reversal
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Drive Level and Habit Reversal
Drive Level and Habit Reversal
Effect of Percentage of Reinforcement and Distribution of Acquisition Trials on Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Effect of Percentage of Reinforcement and Distribution of Acquisition Trials on Extinction of Conditioned Fear
Effect of Primary Reinforcement Schedule on Secondary Reinforcement Strength with Continuous Secondary Reinforcement during Training
Effect of a Secondary Reinforcement Stimulus on the Auditory Startle Response
Two experiments were carried out in which food-deprived rats received food pellets in the presence of an intermittent light-sound stimulus. The animals were then tested in a stabilimeter device for magnitude of startle reaction to a loud, percussive sound in the presence and absence of the light-sound (secondary reinforcement) stimulus. Exp. I showed a non-significant tendency for the startle amplitude to be less in the presence of the secondary …
Effect of Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict on Startle Magnitude
The present study was conducted to test the hypothesis that conflict increases the magnitude of the startle response. Animals were trained to enter a dark goal box to avoid electric shock. 10 animals reached criterion performance of 16 consecutive correct goal-box choices and were then tested for startle under conflict and con-conflict conditions over 3 test days. The results supported the hypothesis that conflict increases the magnitude of the s…
Effect of Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict on Magnitude of Startle
The present study used 13 male, hooded rats in a within-subjects design to test the hypothesis that a modified avoidance-avoidance conflict situation in a discrimination learning task would evoke a more intense auditory startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. The presumed mechanism was an increase in drive or arousal, as a consequence of the conflict, resulting in greater startle. The findings were inconsistent with the hypothes…
Effect of Hunger on the Acoustic Startle Reflex
There are conflicting reports concerning the effect of intensity of appetitive drive on the acoustic startle reflex. Eight rats were tested for acoustic startle, using a within-subjects design, while under either 0 or 20 hr. food deprivation. No over-all significant effect was found, although 0-hr. deprivation showed greater startle on the last day of testing
Effect of Thirst on the Acoustic Startle Reflex
Eight rats were tested for acoustic startle, using a within-subjects design, while they were under either 0 or 21 hr. water deprivation. The startle stimulus was a percussive, non-tonal sound. No significant effect of thirst on startle was found
Startle and Reward-Based Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict
Using 30 male rats in a within-subjects design, the hypothesis was tested that avoidance-avoidance conflict based on the omission of food reward in a two-choice discrimination task would result in a more intense acoustic startle reaction than would the absence of such conflict. To maintain a high level of conflict, training days were interspersed between test days. Data showed no differences between conflict and nonconflict conditions
Effect of Response Effort Requirement on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times under Delayed and Immediate Reinforcement
Higher levels of required response effort on an operant task resulted in a greater percentage of short (less than 1 sec.) interresponse times for rats receiving a 2-sec. delay of food reinforcement. These results and those of previous studies were discussed in terms of a possible explanation based on salience of response feedback stimuli
Effect of Effort on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times
This study investigated the effect of response effort on the percentage of short interresponse times under constant and varied effort conditions. After training on a lever-pressing task, rats were subjected to either a constant or a varied 10-g or 55-g response force (effort) requirement. The percentage of short interresponse times (under 1 sec.) was recorded in both acquisition and extinction phases of testing. The findings showed no effect of e…
Effect of Response Effort With Reward for Leverpress or Release
ammonsscientific.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, ammonsscientific.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for
Response Difficulty
Response Difficulty
Past research on the relation between response effort and response rate in humans has not considered the effect of subjects' sex. Subjects (22 men and 23 women) were asked to pull a trigger repeatedly when the force required to pull the trigger was varied for each subject at 5, 10, 15, or 20 lb. At the lower force requirements, combined, women made more responses than at the combination of the two higher force requirements. For men, however, this…
Effects of Frustration Increase and Decrease on Percentage of Short Interresponse Times
The finding by H. L. Armus (1986) that short (less than 1 s) interresponse times (IRTs) occur with greater frequency at higher levels of required lever-pressing effort was investigated. It has been hypothesized that greater percentages of short IRTs at higher effort requirements are an expression of frustration (S. Boyer & R. Carroll, 1980); in the present study, between-groups manipulations of effort and reward combinations were made in an attem…
Effect of Response Effort on Secondary Reward Value
This study tested whether a distinctive secondary rewarding stimulus (a black or a white goal box) of a Y-maze associated with a difficult response (running “uphill”) would be preferred to the box associated with an easy response (running on a horizontal plane). If so, it would indicate that secondary reward value was positively related to response difficulty in organisms having little in the way of cultural conditioning, namely, laboratory rats.…
Effect of Response Effort on the Reward Value of Distinctively Flavored Food Pellets
This study was designed to test whether distinctively flavored food pellets, used as rewards for lever-pressing by rats, would acquire different reward values as a function of the differential effort involved in making the lever pressing response which would be predictable from the concept of cognitive dissonance. Subjects were seven Long-Evans strain hooded rats, 301-308 days old at the start of the study and had had their body weights reduced t…
Effect of Response Effort on the Reward Value of Distinctively Flavored Food Pellets
ammonsscientific.com is your first and best source for all of the information you’re looking for. From general topics to more of what you would expect to find here, ammonsscientific.com has it all. We hope you find what you are searching for
Aversive and Attractive Properties of Electrical Stimulation for Paramecium Caudatum
Rats' Knowledge of Incorrect Responses in a Matching-to-Sample Task
The idea that rats possess some knowledge about having been incorrect when having previously made an incorrect response is proposed. A matching-to-sample task with a second choice was used to assess the hypothesis. Only if the correct lever was chosen on the second choice was the animal rewarded. Further, the second choice was offered whether the animal was initially correct or incorrect in its first choice, preventing it from "knowing" if it had…
Psychology (22 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Cognitive psychology (10 works) · Neuroscience (8 works) · Behavioral and Psychological Studies (7 works) · Audiology (6 works) · Mathematics (6 works) · Medicine (6 works)