William N Boyer
Biographic Data
| ID | 5854871 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William N Boyer |
| GIVEN NAMES | William N |
| FAMILY NAME | Boyer |
| SIGNATURE | BOYER W N |
| AFFILIATIONS | Colorado State University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 10 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 10 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1964 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1987 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Psychology of the Scientist
The conceptually driven and data-driven behaviors of scientists are discussed. Various advantages and disadvantages and behavioral outcomes of these approaches are briefly described
Positive and Negative Simultaneous and Successive Contrast Effects Following Shifts in Qualitative Reinforcement
In Phase 1, three groups of rats (total N = 32) received an equal number of trials in separate black and white alleys. One group received 10 sucrose pellets per trial, a second group received 10 alfalfa pellets, and a third group received 10 sucrose pellets in one alley and 10 alfalfa in the other. Start speeds produced simultaneous positive and negative contrast effects, while goal speeds showed only negative contrast. In Phase 2, half of the an…
Frustration, Training, and Task Complexity in Rats
A double alley followed by a linear maze was used to determine whether frustration, elicited by reward quality reduction, would impair maze performance (complex task) when response strength was weak and would facilitate performance when response strength was high. For this purpose one group of rats (n = 11) was given maze training with only the correct door unlocked at each choice point (those used under frustration conditions), whereas, the seco…
Reward Magnitude and a Pronounced Frustration Effect in Rats
Three groups of male albino rats (10-4C, 4-4, and 0-4C) were given 80 acquisition trials in a double runway (total N = 60). Subsequent to acquisition training, Ss in Group 4-4 were subdivided into four groups (10-4E, 4-4E, 10-4S, and 4-4C) and all six groups were given 20 additional test trials. For each group, the first number corresponds to the number of Noyes food pellets received in the first goalbox, while the second number corresponds to th…
Goalbox Placements and Extinction
Four groups of rats were extinguished in an alley after receiving the following treatments: Group 1 was given 6 rewarded goalbox placements, Group 2 6 nonrewarded placements, Group 3 received 6 rewarded placements in a neutral box, and Group 4 was merely handled. Prior to these treatments all groups were given 32 training trials. From Theios and Brelsford's theory, it was predicted that rewarded goalbox placements would decrease resistance to ext…
Extinction
Resistance to Extinction as a Function of Reinforcement Schedule and Training Level
Two experiments were run in which one group of rats received 100% reward with 16 pellets per trial (100%-16), a second group received 50% reward with 16 pellets on rewarded trials (50%-16), and a third group got 50% reward with 32 pellets on rewarded trials (50%-32). From Theios and Brelsford's theory it was predicted that Group 50%-32 should show less resistance to extinction than Group 50%-16, since both were equated for habit strength but diff…
Pattern and Quality of Reinforcement in Extinction in Albino Rats
This experiment examined the effects of successive (3 or 1) nonrewards prior to a sucrose reward and the effects of successive (3 or 1) alfalfa rewards prior to a sucrose reward on resistance to extinction. Long runs of nonrewards or long runs of alfalfa rewards led to greater resistance to extinction than did short runs. Ss who experienced nonrewards and those who experienced alfalfa rewards were not substantially different from each other. The …
Influence of Amount of Reward in a Complex Learning Situation
28 hooded rats received 4 pellets of food for every run in a 4-unit multiple-Y maze, while 25 others received 1 pellet. Prior to the maze problem, Ss had received different reward experiences in a straight alley as follows: some had always received 4 pellets, some always 1 pellet, some had received mixed reward amounts, and some had no previous reward experience. Y-maze performance was not reliably related to the previous reward experience in the…
Influence of Reward Experience and Contemporary Amount of Reward in a Y-Maze Problem
Combined data were analyzed from 2 studies in which hooded rats received either high, low, or mixed amounts of reward in a linear maze prior to performance in a 4-unit multiple-Y maze. The three amount-of-reward groups, together with a no-experience control group, were subdivided into highland low-reward Ss during Y-maze training. Y-maze errors were not reliably related to the previous reward experience in the linear maze, but the second study di…
No prominent works on this page.
Influence of Amount of Reward in a Complex Learning Situation
28 hooded rats received 4 pellets of food for every run in a 4-unit multiple-Y maze, while 25 others received 1 pellet. Prior to the maze problem, Ss had received different reward experiences in a straight alley as follows: some had always received 4 pellets, some always 1 pellet, some had received mixed reward amounts, and some had no previous reward experience. Y-maze performance was not reliably related to the previous reward experience in the…
Influence of Reward Experience and Contemporary Amount of Reward in a Y-Maze Problem
Combined data were analyzed from 2 studies in which hooded rats received either high, low, or mixed amounts of reward in a linear maze prior to performance in a 4-unit multiple-Y maze. The three amount-of-reward groups, together with a no-experience control group, were subdivided into highland low-reward Ss during Y-maze training. Y-maze errors were not reliably related to the previous reward experience in the linear maze, but the second study di…
Pattern and Quality of Reinforcement in Extinction in Albino Rats
This experiment examined the effects of successive (3 or 1) nonrewards prior to a sucrose reward and the effects of successive (3 or 1) alfalfa rewards prior to a sucrose reward on resistance to extinction. Long runs of nonrewards or long runs of alfalfa rewards led to greater resistance to extinction than did short runs. Ss who experienced nonrewards and those who experienced alfalfa rewards were not substantially different from each other. The …
Resistance to Extinction as a Function of Reinforcement Schedule and Training Level
Two experiments were run in which one group of rats received 100% reward with 16 pellets per trial (100%-16), a second group received 50% reward with 16 pellets on rewarded trials (50%-16), and a third group got 50% reward with 32 pellets on rewarded trials (50%-32). From Theios and Brelsford's theory it was predicted that Group 50%-32 should show less resistance to extinction than Group 50%-16, since both were equated for habit strength but diff…
Goalbox Placements and Extinction
Four groups of rats were extinguished in an alley after receiving the following treatments: Group 1 was given 6 rewarded goalbox placements, Group 2 6 nonrewarded placements, Group 3 received 6 rewarded placements in a neutral box, and Group 4 was merely handled. Prior to these treatments all groups were given 32 training trials. From Theios and Brelsford's theory, it was predicted that rewarded goalbox placements would decrease resistance to ext…
Extinction
Positive and Negative Simultaneous and Successive Contrast Effects Following Shifts in Qualitative Reinforcement
In Phase 1, three groups of rats (total N = 32) received an equal number of trials in separate black and white alleys. One group received 10 sucrose pellets per trial, a second group received 10 alfalfa pellets, and a third group received 10 sucrose pellets in one alley and 10 alfalfa in the other. Start speeds produced simultaneous positive and negative contrast effects, while goal speeds showed only negative contrast. In Phase 2, half of the an…
Frustration, Training, and Task Complexity in Rats
A double alley followed by a linear maze was used to determine whether frustration, elicited by reward quality reduction, would impair maze performance (complex task) when response strength was weak and would facilitate performance when response strength was high. For this purpose one group of rats (n = 11) was given maze training with only the correct door unlocked at each choice point (those used under frustration conditions), whereas, the seco…
Reward Magnitude and a Pronounced Frustration Effect in Rats
Three groups of male albino rats (10-4C, 4-4, and 0-4C) were given 80 acquisition trials in a double runway (total N = 60). Subsequent to acquisition training, Ss in Group 4-4 were subdivided into four groups (10-4E, 4-4E, 10-4S, and 4-4C) and all six groups were given 20 additional test trials. For each group, the first number corresponds to the number of Noyes food pellets received in the first goalbox, while the second number corresponds to th…
Psychology of the Scientist
The conceptually driven and data-driven behaviors of scientists are discussed. Various advantages and disadvantages and behavioral outcomes of these approaches are briefly described
Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works) · Developmental psychology (5 works) · Audiology (4 works) · Cognitive psychology (4 works) · Extinction (optical mineralogy (4 works) · Medicine (4 works) · Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior (4 works) · Physics (4 works)