Christine Howe
Biographic Data
| ID | 5857539 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Christine Howe |
| GIVEN NAMES | Christine |
| FAMILY NAME | Howe |
| SIGNATURE | HOWE C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Strathclyde |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9120-3641 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 40 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 169 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 40 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1978 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| H-INDEX | 6 |
Argumentation skills mediate the effect of peer argumentation on content knowledge in middle-school students
There is compelling evidence that arguing with peers in educational contexts fosters students’ content knowledge and argumentation skills. Indeed, curricula have already been developed that, through tailored support for peer argumentation, promote both content knowledge and argumentation skills simultaneously. However, we do not yet know how to optimize the occurrence of peer argumentation, although there are suggestions in the literature that co…
Strategies for supporting the transition from small-group activity to student learning: A possible role for beyond-group sharing
Coding classroom dialogue: Methodological considerations for researchers
Teacher–Student Dialogue During Classroom Teaching: Does It Really Impact on Student Outcomes?
It is now widely believed that classroom dialogue matters as regards student outcomes, with optimal patterns often regarded as requiring some or all of open questions, elaboration of previous contributions, reasoned discussion of competing viewpoints, linkage and coordination across contributions, metacognitive engagement with dialogue, and high student participation. To date, however, the relevance of such features has been most convincingly exa…
Racism, identity and psychological well-being: A Longitudinal Perspective on Politically Embattled Relations
The relation between racism, identity and well-being has stimulated political debate as well as psychological analysis. Research is reported that explores the relation among young people of white (n=97) and minority (n=174) ethnicity. On first assessment, minority ethnic participants reported: (1) more frequent experiences of racism and discrimination than white participants; and (2) higher levels of ethnic identity and equivalent levels of natio…
Classroom dialogue: A systematic review across four decades of research
Scaffolding in context: Peer interaction and abstract learning
Explaining the dialogic processes of teaching and learning: The value and potential of sociocultural theory
Discriminatory peer aggression among children as a function of minority status and group proportion in school context
This study investigates discriminatory peer aggression among primary school aged children as a function of minority status (based on nationality, ethnicity, religion) of the target and the relative proportions of minority and majority children in the school. Participants were 925 8‐ to 12‐year‐olds attending schools in Britain. Children of minority status were no more likely than children of majority background to experience peer aggression in ge…
Discourse topic management and discussion skills in middle childhood: The effects of age and task
Discourse topic management and discussion skills are central for intersubjectivity, learning and education, yet there is little understanding of how such skills develop.The reported research comprises two studies, which examined the skills of discourse topic maintenance, shading and hierarchicalization during middle childhood. Each study compared the performances of same-age and same-sex dyads of 4, 6 and 9 years of age (Study 1: 28 dyads; Study …
Collaborative Group Work in Middle Childhood
Evidence exists that children’s understanding can be facilitated through collaborative group work with peers, but little is known about the underlying processes. When processes are discussed, they are typically assumed to involve the assimilation of superior ideas that are constructed jointly. However, the assimilation of joint constructions cannot provide a complete account, and recent work suggests that unresolved contradiction during group int…
Fear v Hope: The battle for language
These poems have been written in response to the many articles focusing on the ‘War on Terror’ that have appeared in Australian newspapers over the past six years. I have been disturbed by the use of language in many of these articles, which have been produced by the mass media to be consumed by the reader, as opposed to pondered, interrogated, challenged and engaged with on a critical and creative level. The complexities and nuances of language …
Rudolph Schaffer (1926–2008)
Opposition in Social Interaction amongst Children: Why Intellectual Benefits Do Not Mean Social Costs
Occasions where children oppose each other have been claimed to convey intellectual benefits through their association with justification and resolution. They have been claimed to promote social rejection through their association with aggression. Because it is inconceivable that intellectual benefits imply social costs, either the relation amongst opposition, justification, resolution, and aggression is weaker than claimed, or children differ in…
Opposition in Social Interaction amongst Children: Why Intellectual Benefits Do Not Mean Social Costs
Perceived Discrimination Among Ethnic Minority Young People: The Role of Psychological Variables1
Because of difficulties in objectively determining discrimination, attention has turned to individual differences in perceptions of discrimination. This study aimed to build on such work by investigating the role of psychological variables in predicting perceived discrimination (PD) in a UK sample of ethnic minority young people (n= 154). A series of multiple regression analyses yielded 3 pathways leading to PD. There was a direct effect of gende…
Chance favours only the prepared mind: Incubation and the delayed effects of peer collaboration
Research has shown that the beneficial effects of peer collaboration are not always apparent until some time has elapsed. Such delayed effects are not readily incorporated in current models of collaborative learning, but because they constituteincubation effectsin the psychological sense of the term, they should in principle be consistent with cognitive accounts of how incubation occurs. Accordingly, the paper reports three studies which test whe…
Rudolph Schaffer: A Celebration of His Editorship
Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem
The current study aimed to draw on two theoretical models to examine the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of ethnic minority young people (n = 154). Analysis provided no support for the hypothesis derived from the self-esteem theory of depression that self-esteem (personal and ethnic) moderates the discrimination-distress relationship. There was, however, partial support for a mediating r…
Peer Argument in Educational Settings: Variations Due to Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Activity Context
Identified as an important force toward intellectual growth, peer argument is now promoted within educational policy. Nevertheless, implementation of policy is unclear, particularly when effective argument is known to be possible during the preschool years. One source of uncertainty is data indicating that the form of preschool argument varies with socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, and the study to be reported here was intended to probe this…
Peer interaction in the teaching of mathematics: Explanation and the coordination of knowledge
It has been argued that children’s performance in mathematics will be boosted by collaborative activities where they explain to peers how to solve problems. Empirical investigations have generally been supportive, although they identify dangers of separating the activity of problem solving from more strategic understanding of how problems should be approached. Background research has suggested that one route to avoiding the dangers might involve …
Experimental appraisal of personal beliefs in science: Constraints on performance in the 9 to 14 age group
Background. Recent curricula initiatives have promoted experimentation as a means by which relatively young children can appraise their personal beliefs and thereby modify these beliefs towards received scientific ideas. However, key psychological theories signal problems, and the enterprise is not in any event securely grounded in empirical research.Aims. As a consequence, the study reported here aimed to provide comprehensive information about …
Issues in diversity in recreation and leisure studies: Perspectives from US educators at a public institution of higher education
The value of academic and professional role models cannot be overestimated for today's college and university students of all races. Students are the generational link in the perpetuation of the leisure services profession and 'belong' to the profession via their initial enculturation in educational encounters. Accredited programmes in leisure studies at comprehensive US public colleges have missions that mandate attention to diversity. The follo…
Verbal, Vocal, and Visual Information in the Judgment of Interpersonal Affect: A Methodological Limitation of Some Influential Research
It is generally accepted that nonverbal information, particularly visual, is more important than verbal in the judgment of interpersonal affect. Nevertheless, Howe has argued that there is a recurring problem with the studies on which this acceptance is based, namely, the usage of contextually inappropriate verbal expressions. By employing expressions that were more appropriate, Howe obtained results that, in contradiction to visual primacy, show…
Karla Henderson
Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem
The current study aimed to draw on two theoretical models to examine the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of ethnic minority young people (n = 154). Analysis provided no support for the hypothesis derived from the self-esteem theory of depression that self-esteem (personal and ethnic) moderates the discrimination-distress relationship. There was, however, partial support for a mediating r…
Possibilities for Using A Qualitative Research Approach In The Sociological Study of Leisure
This paper suggests that a psychological definition of leisure as a condition, experience, or state of mind may be used by leisure sociologists as a spring board for meaningful inquiry. Further, if researchers accept Kelly's (1982, p. 276) contention that, “The significant issue is not so much what people do as how they do it and what it means [italics added] to them,” then it may also be argued that qualitative approaches to research are well su…
Discriminatory peer aggression among children as a function of minority status and group proportion in school context
This study investigates discriminatory peer aggression among primary school aged children as a function of minority status (based on nationality, ethnicity, religion) of the target and the relative proportions of minority and majority children in the school. Participants were 925 8‐ to 12‐year‐olds attending schools in Britain. Children of minority status were no more likely than children of majority background to experience peer aggression in ge…
Using Qualitative Structured Interviews in Leisure Research: Illustrations from One Case Study
A qualitative research approach becomes an avenue for investigating leisure when leisure is operationalized as a subjective phenomenon. The qualitative structured interview technique enables the description of the role of leisure in the lives of subjects to be expressed in their own words and from their own perspective. This paper describes this technique and highlights its use in one illustrative case study. Methodological implications are empha…
The importance of definitions of selected concepts for leisure inquiry
The need for definitional consistency is becoming increasingly evident for leisure research. Based on an integrative review of the literature, three primary terms are explored in this essay: time, recreation, and leisure. Work, as a related concept, is also considered but not as extensively. Psychologically perceived free time is offered as a context in which most people tend to be most likely to engage in recreational activities and to experienc…
Psychological Aspects of Leisure: A Life Cycle Developmental Perspective
A developmental perspective of aging suggests that the life course consists of an ongoing process of growth and development from birth until death. Chronologically distributed across the life course are biological, psychological and social milestones or turning points. These events interrelate with personal values, motives for behavior, and the meanings and satisfactions derived from various activities and patterns of life involve- ment including…
Task design as an influence on dialogue and learning: Primary school group work with object flotation
Previous studies suggest that group work would yield conceptual gains in physics if tasks specifically promoted dialogue about the factors which determine observed outcomes. This might be done by constraining task items to present critical tests of the effects of individual factors; and, additionally, by requiring participants to generate or select explicit rules about those effects. In order to test this hypothesis, groups of primary school chil…
Considerations when using phenomenology in leisure inquiry: Beliefs, methods, and analysis in naturalistic research
The leisure experience is a complex personal and social construction. It is multifaceted, subjective, intra- and inter-individualistic, dynamic, and value laden. One way to understand the ‘elusive’ leisure experience is to elicit a first order, ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of what leisure is from those who are living and experiencing it. The analysis component of a survey or experiment often consists of the statistical manipulation of data …
Racism, identity and psychological well-being: A Longitudinal Perspective on Politically Embattled Relations
The relation between racism, identity and well-being has stimulated political debate as well as psychological analysis. Research is reported that explores the relation among young people of white (n=97) and minority (n=174) ethnicity. On first assessment, minority ethnic participants reported: (1) more frequent experiences of racism and discrimination than white participants; and (2) higher levels of ethnic identity and equivalent levels of natio…
Chance favours only the prepared mind: Incubation and the delayed effects of peer collaboration
Research has shown that the beneficial effects of peer collaboration are not always apparent until some time has elapsed. Such delayed effects are not readily incorporated in current models of collaborative learning, but because they constituteincubation effectsin the psychological sense of the term, they should in principle be consistent with cognitive accounts of how incubation occurs. Accordingly, the paper reports three studies which test whe…
Challenge/Initiative Recreation Programs as a Treatment for Low Self-Concept Children
An investigation was initiated to determine if challenge/initiative games, conducted in an existing recreation setting for one hour daily, could be an effective treatment to enhance the self-concept of abused children living in a residential care facility. Over 28 consecutive days, a treatment group (N = 18) of abused children received one hour of challenge/initiative games (“New,” cooperative, or adventure games inclusive of a debriefing segment…
Perceived Discrimination Among Ethnic Minority Young People: The Role of Psychological Variables1
Because of difficulties in objectively determining discrimination, attention has turned to individual differences in perceptions of discrimination. This study aimed to build on such work by investigating the role of psychological variables in predicting perceived discrimination (PD) in a UK sample of ethnic minority young people (n= 154). A series of multiple regression analyses yielded 3 pathways leading to PD. There was a direct effect of gende…
Effects of cognitive conflict, socio‐cognitive conflict and imitation on children's socio‐legal thinking
The paper reports a study concerned with the effects of cognitive conflict, socio‐cognitive conflict and imitation on children's socio‐legal thinking. Nine‐year‐old children whose socio‐legal thinking was lower level were paired with 9‐ and 11‐year‐old children whose socio‐legal thinking was intermediate between lower and higher level for interaction in same sex dyads on legal transgression items. In total, 54 9‐year‐old children and 18 11‐year o…
Peer Argument in Educational Settings: Variations Due to Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Activity Context
Identified as an important force toward intellectual growth, peer argument is now promoted within educational policy. Nevertheless, implementation of policy is unclear, particularly when effective argument is known to be possible during the preschool years. One source of uncertainty is data indicating that the form of preschool argument varies with socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, and the study to be reported here was intended to probe this…
Gender and Dialogue in Secondary School Physics
Previous research points up the educational value of opinion exchange between pupils, particularly in science tasks. However, established gender differences in expression of opinion might well have a substantial impact on such activity, and thus on learning. In order to investigate this, male, female and mixed‐sex pairs of 12‐15 year‐olds were videotaped whilst they worked on a computer‐based task that required them to predict the trajectories of…
Opposition in Social Interaction amongst Children: Why Intellectual Benefits Do Not Mean Social Costs
Occasions where children oppose each other have been claimed to convey intellectual benefits through their association with justification and resolution. They have been claimed to promote social rejection through their association with aggression. Because it is inconceivable that intellectual benefits imply social costs, either the relation amongst opposition, justification, resolution, and aggression is weaker than claimed, or children differ in…
Opposition in Social Interaction amongst Children: Why Intellectual Benefits Do Not Mean Social Costs
Experimental appraisal of personal beliefs in science: Constraints on performance in the 9 to 14 age group
Background. Recent curricula initiatives have promoted experimentation as a means by which relatively young children can appraise their personal beliefs and thereby modify these beliefs towards received scientific ideas. However, key psychological theories signal problems, and the enterprise is not in any event securely grounded in empirical research.Aims. As a consequence, the study reported here aimed to provide comprehensive information about …
Issues in diversity in recreation and leisure studies: Perspectives from US educators at a public institution of higher education
The value of academic and professional role models cannot be overestimated for today's college and university students of all races. Students are the generational link in the perpetuation of the leisure services profession and 'belong' to the profession via their initial enculturation in educational encounters. Accredited programmes in leisure studies at comprehensive US public colleges have missions that mandate attention to diversity. The follo…
A responsive evaluation of a graduate seminar
Abstract of Keynote Address How realistic is a unified theory of language acquisition
Meaning and the acquisition of grammar
Psychological Aspects of Leisure: A Life Cycle Developmental Perspective
A developmental perspective of aging suggests that the life course consists of an ongoing process of growth and development from birth until death. Chronologically distributed across the life course are biological, psychological and social milestones or turning points. These events interrelate with personal values, motives for behavior, and the meanings and satisfactions derived from various activities and patterns of life involve- ment including…
Possibilities for Using A Qualitative Research Approach In The Sociological Study of Leisure
This paper suggests that a psychological definition of leisure as a condition, experience, or state of mind may be used by leisure sociologists as a spring board for meaningful inquiry. Further, if researchers accept Kelly's (1982, p. 276) contention that, “The significant issue is not so much what people do as how they do it and what it means [italics added] to them,” then it may also be argued that qualitative approaches to research are well su…
Structure and sequence in play and early language: An investigation of the Piagetian viewpoint
Using Qualitative Structured Interviews in Leisure Research: Illustrations from One Case Study
A qualitative research approach becomes an avenue for investigating leisure when leisure is operationalized as a subjective phenomenon. The qualitative structured interview technique enables the description of the role of leisure in the lives of subjects to be expressed in their own words and from their own perspective. This paper describes this technique and highlights its use in one illustrative case study. Methodological implications are empha…
Recreation and the retention decisions of armed forces personnel
This article proposes a theoretical model that describes the effects of recreation on an individual's decision to remain in a career, specifically in the U.S. Navy. A second purpose is to develop and test an empirical model that includes a variety of leisure and recreation factors that potentially impact on the retention decisions. The findings of this analysis are compared with previous studies on retention, recreation, and the Armed Forces. Par…
Challenge/Initiative Recreation Programs as a Treatment for Low Self-Concept Children
An investigation was initiated to determine if challenge/initiative games, conducted in an existing recreation setting for one hour daily, could be an effective treatment to enhance the self-concept of abused children living in a residential care facility. Over 28 consecutive days, a treatment group (N = 18) of abused children received one hour of challenge/initiative games (“New,” cooperative, or adventure games inclusive of a debriefing segment…
Tina Bennett-Kastor, Analyzing children's language. Oxford: Blackwell, 1988. Pp. x + 149
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The importance of definitions of selected concepts for leisure inquiry
The need for definitional consistency is becoming increasingly evident for leisure research. Based on an integrative review of the literature, three primary terms are explored in this essay: time, recreation, and leisure. Work, as a related concept, is also considered but not as extensively. Psychologically perceived free time is offered as a context in which most people tend to be most likely to engage in recreational activities and to experienc…
Effects of cognitive conflict, socio‐cognitive conflict and imitation on children's socio‐legal thinking
The paper reports a study concerned with the effects of cognitive conflict, socio‐cognitive conflict and imitation on children's socio‐legal thinking. Nine‐year‐old children whose socio‐legal thinking was lower level were paired with 9‐ and 11‐year‐old children whose socio‐legal thinking was intermediate between lower and higher level for interaction in same sex dyads on legal transgression items. In total, 54 9‐year‐old children and 18 11‐year o…
Considerations when using phenomenology in leisure inquiry: Beliefs, methods, and analysis in naturalistic research
The leisure experience is a complex personal and social construction. It is multifaceted, subjective, intra- and inter-individualistic, dynamic, and value laden. One way to understand the ‘elusive’ leisure experience is to elicit a first order, ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of what leisure is from those who are living and experiencing it. The analysis component of a survey or experiment often consists of the statistical manipulation of data …
Task design as an influence on dialogue and learning: Primary school group work with object flotation
Previous studies suggest that group work would yield conceptual gains in physics if tasks specifically promoted dialogue about the factors which determine observed outcomes. This might be done by constraining task items to present critical tests of the effects of individual factors; and, additionally, by requiring participants to generate or select explicit rules about those effects. In order to test this hypothesis, groups of primary school chil…
Gender and Dialogue in Secondary School Physics
Previous research points up the educational value of opinion exchange between pupils, particularly in science tasks. However, established gender differences in expression of opinion might well have a substantial impact on such activity, and thus on learning. In order to investigate this, male, female and mixed‐sex pairs of 12‐15 year‐olds were videotaped whilst they worked on a computer‐based task that required them to predict the trajectories of…
Verbal, Vocal, and Visual Information in the Judgment of Interpersonal Affect: A Methodological Limitation of Some Influential Research
It is generally accepted that nonverbal information, particularly visual, is more important than verbal in the judgment of interpersonal affect. Nevertheless, Howe has argued that there is a recurring problem with the studies on which this acceptance is based, namely, the usage of contextually inappropriate verbal expressions. By employing expressions that were more appropriate, Howe obtained results that, in contradiction to visual primacy, show…
Karla Henderson
Issues in diversity in recreation and leisure studies: Perspectives from US educators at a public institution of higher education
The value of academic and professional role models cannot be overestimated for today's college and university students of all races. Students are the generational link in the perpetuation of the leisure services profession and 'belong' to the profession via their initial enculturation in educational encounters. Accredited programmes in leisure studies at comprehensive US public colleges have missions that mandate attention to diversity. The follo…
Experimental appraisal of personal beliefs in science: Constraints on performance in the 9 to 14 age group
Background. Recent curricula initiatives have promoted experimentation as a means by which relatively young children can appraise their personal beliefs and thereby modify these beliefs towards received scientific ideas. However, key psychological theories signal problems, and the enterprise is not in any event securely grounded in empirical research.Aims. As a consequence, the study reported here aimed to provide comprehensive information about …
Peer interaction in the teaching of mathematics: Explanation and the coordination of knowledge
It has been argued that children’s performance in mathematics will be boosted by collaborative activities where they explain to peers how to solve problems. Empirical investigations have generally been supportive, although they identify dangers of separating the activity of problem solving from more strategic understanding of how problems should be approached. Background research has suggested that one route to avoiding the dangers might involve …
Peer Argument in Educational Settings: Variations Due to Socioeconomic Status, Gender, and Activity Context
Identified as an important force toward intellectual growth, peer argument is now promoted within educational policy. Nevertheless, implementation of policy is unclear, particularly when effective argument is known to be possible during the preschool years. One source of uncertainty is data indicating that the form of preschool argument varies with socioeconomic status (SES) and gender, and the study to be reported here was intended to probe this…
Rudolph Schaffer: A Celebration of His Editorship
Perceived Discrimination and Psychological Distress: The Role of Personal and Ethnic Self-Esteem
The current study aimed to draw on two theoretical models to examine the relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and psychological distress in a sample of ethnic minority young people (n = 154). Analysis provided no support for the hypothesis derived from the self-esteem theory of depression that self-esteem (personal and ethnic) moderates the discrimination-distress relationship. There was, however, partial support for a mediating r…
Perceived Discrimination Among Ethnic Minority Young People: The Role of Psychological Variables1
Because of difficulties in objectively determining discrimination, attention has turned to individual differences in perceptions of discrimination. This study aimed to build on such work by investigating the role of psychological variables in predicting perceived discrimination (PD) in a UK sample of ethnic minority young people (n= 154). A series of multiple regression analyses yielded 3 pathways leading to PD. There was a direct effect of gende…
Chance favours only the prepared mind: Incubation and the delayed effects of peer collaboration
Research has shown that the beneficial effects of peer collaboration are not always apparent until some time has elapsed. Such delayed effects are not readily incorporated in current models of collaborative learning, but because they constituteincubation effectsin the psychological sense of the term, they should in principle be consistent with cognitive accounts of how incubation occurs. Accordingly, the paper reports three studies which test whe…
Psychology (37 works) · Social Psychology (19 works) · Social Psychology (15 works) · Computer Science (14 works) · Sociology (14 works) · Developmental psychology (12 works) · Innovative Teaching and Learning Methods (12 works) · Epistemology (11 works) · Political science (9 works) · Linguistics (8 works)