James H Gramann
Biographic Data
| ID | 5857585 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James H Gramann |
| GIVEN NAMES | James H |
| FAMILY NAME | Gramann |
| SIGNATURE | GRAMANN J H |
| AFFILIATIONS | Texas A&M University |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 187 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 14 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| H-INDEX | 7 |
The Effect of Cultural Assimilation on the Importance of Family-Related and Nature-Related Recreation among Hispanic Americans
This paper examines the influence of Hispanic-American ethnicity on the family-related and nature-related benefits of outdoor recreation activity. Gordon's ethnic assimilation theory is used as a conceptual framework to examine patterns of Anglo-conformity in perceived recreation benefits, and to look for deviations in these patterns suggestive of selective acculturation. Data were collected through a telephone survey of 995 households in central…
Experience‐based setting management: Implications for market segmentation of hunters
Experience‐based setting management seeks to provide rewarding psychological experiences to recreation participants by managing the physical environments in which recreation occurs. This approach has value to private landowners who provide outdoor recreation opportunities, because it improves their ability to target and attract specific segments of the hunting population. In this study, 4 market segments of hunter were identified: outdoor enthusi…
Perceptions of Discrimination in a Recreation Context
The purpose of this study was to test two competing theoretical perspectives on intergroup relations in a recreation context. Specifically, we examined how Spanish language maintenance (an indicator of cultural assimilation), primary structural assimilation (extent of contact with Anglo Americans), and educational attainment (an indicator of socioeconomic assimilation) among Mexican Americans affected perceptions of discrimination in a recreation…
Effect of Personality and Situational Factors on Intentions to Obey Rules in Outdoor Recreation Areas
A laboratory experiment compared the effects of social responsibility (a personality trait) and two situational factors on intentions to obey regulations in outdoor recreation areas. The situational factors were the presence or absence of "awareness-of-consequences" information explaining the reasons for regulations and the presence or absence of probable and significant sanctions for violating regulations. Subjects projected themselves into six …
Goal orientation, norms, and noise‐induced conflict among recreation area users
This study evaluated Jacob and Schreyer's (1980) theory of recreation conflict using data from a survey of winter visitors to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas. Jacob and Schreyer defined interpersonal conflict as goal interference attributed to the behavior of another and proposed that variations in the standards of appropriate behavior for a setting were a major source of such interference. However, their theory did not address the possibil…
Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans
This study investigated the effects of subculture, marginality, and perceived discrimination on use of selected public outdoor recreation areas. The assimilation perspective from the sociology literature provided theoretical guidance for the study. These concepts were treated as different types of social distance (cultural distance, socioeconomic distance, and intergroup distance). Each was hypothesized to affect the use of outdoor recreation are…
Effects of Acculturation and Structural Assimilation in Resource-Based Recreation: The Case of Mexican Americans
The study examines the effects of Mexican American acculturation and structural assimilation on outdoor recreation patterns. Based on ethnic assimilation theory, we hypothesized that the greater the level of acculturation or primary structural assimilation, the more similar Mexican Americans would be to Anglo-Americans in their outdoor recreation behavior. Data to test these hypotheses came from a telephone survey of 1,057 households in Maricopa …
A human ecological analysis of organizational response to changes in public education policy
This article describes research on the response of environmental education centers, such as nature centers, zoos, and museums to recent changes in public education policy in Texas. These changes had the potential to reduce public school field trips to off-campus educational facilities. Five hypotheses are derived from human ecological theory that focus on organizational function, hierarchical integration, resource competition, and organizational …
The convergence of outdoor recreation and tourism research
The Effect of Verbal Appeals and Incentives on Depreciative Behavior among Youthful Park Visitors
During twelve autumn weekends in 1985, a field experiment was conducted at Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee to determine the effects of three personally-delivered messages on the amount of “depreciative behavior” committed by youth groups hiking the park's trails. Depreciative behavior was defined as any activity (such as climbing on monuments) that damaged the park's cultural resources. The content of the three messages was based on pros…
Recreational Access to Private Forests: The Impact of Hobby Farming and Exclusivity
This study analyzes public use policies among nonindustrial forestland owners in southern Wisconsin. Landowners' status as “hobby farmers” increased the likelihood that they would restrict public use. However, taking positive action to limit access through posting also required that owners report having past problems with public recreationists, use their own property for recreation, and have ownerships large enough to make direct surveillance imp…
Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites
A study of the causes of crowding perceptions at a heavily used recreation area is reported. It was hypothesized that perceived crowding would be positively correlated with recreationists’ exposure to threatening behavior, and with the probability that physical movement was constrained. Both hypotheses received support. Goal‐related crowding, stemming from incompatibilities between physical density levels and various psychological goals motivatin…
Toward a behavioral theory of crowding in outdoor recreation: An evaluation and synthesis of research
Research on crowding in outdoor recreation is critically reviewed and formally integrated with that in social psychology, using a series of theoretical axioms, propositions, and theorems. A distinction is drawn between density as a physical construct and crowding as a psychological evaluation of density. Two theoretical traditions in social psychology, stimulus overload and social interference, are compared and related to crowding research in out…
The Effect of Recreation Goals on Conflict Perception: The Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen
An empirical test of a “goal interference” theory of outdoor recreation conflict is reported. According to the theory, when the behavior of one group of recreationists is incompatible with the soci
Effects of Acculturation and Structural Assimilation in Resource-Based Recreation: The Case of Mexican Americans
The study examines the effects of Mexican American acculturation and structural assimilation on outdoor recreation patterns. Based on ethnic assimilation theory, we hypothesized that the greater the level of acculturation or primary structural assimilation, the more similar Mexican Americans would be to Anglo-Americans in their outdoor recreation behavior. Data to test these hypotheses came from a telephone survey of 1,057 households in Maricopa …
The Effect of Cultural Assimilation on the Importance of Family-Related and Nature-Related Recreation among Hispanic Americans
This paper examines the influence of Hispanic-American ethnicity on the family-related and nature-related benefits of outdoor recreation activity. Gordon's ethnic assimilation theory is used as a conceptual framework to examine patterns of Anglo-conformity in perceived recreation benefits, and to look for deviations in these patterns suggestive of selective acculturation. Data were collected through a telephone survey of 995 households in central…
The Effect of Recreation Goals on Conflict Perception: The Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen
An empirical test of a “goal interference” theory of outdoor recreation conflict is reported. According to the theory, when the behavior of one group of recreationists is incompatible with the soci
Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans
This study investigated the effects of subculture, marginality, and perceived discrimination on use of selected public outdoor recreation areas. The assimilation perspective from the sociology literature provided theoretical guidance for the study. These concepts were treated as different types of social distance (cultural distance, socioeconomic distance, and intergroup distance). Each was hypothesized to affect the use of outdoor recreation are…
Toward a behavioral theory of crowding in outdoor recreation: An evaluation and synthesis of research
Research on crowding in outdoor recreation is critically reviewed and formally integrated with that in social psychology, using a series of theoretical axioms, propositions, and theorems. A distinction is drawn between density as a physical construct and crowding as a psychological evaluation of density. Two theoretical traditions in social psychology, stimulus overload and social interference, are compared and related to crowding research in out…
Perceptions of Discrimination in a Recreation Context
The purpose of this study was to test two competing theoretical perspectives on intergroup relations in a recreation context. Specifically, we examined how Spanish language maintenance (an indicator of cultural assimilation), primary structural assimilation (extent of contact with Anglo Americans), and educational attainment (an indicator of socioeconomic assimilation) among Mexican Americans affected perceptions of discrimination in a recreation…
Goal orientation, norms, and noise‐induced conflict among recreation area users
This study evaluated Jacob and Schreyer's (1980) theory of recreation conflict using data from a survey of winter visitors to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas. Jacob and Schreyer defined interpersonal conflict as goal interference attributed to the behavior of another and proposed that variations in the standards of appropriate behavior for a setting were a major source of such interference. However, their theory did not address the possibil…
Effect of Personality and Situational Factors on Intentions to Obey Rules in Outdoor Recreation Areas
A laboratory experiment compared the effects of social responsibility (a personality trait) and two situational factors on intentions to obey regulations in outdoor recreation areas. The situational factors were the presence or absence of "awareness-of-consequences" information explaining the reasons for regulations and the presence or absence of probable and significant sanctions for violating regulations. Subjects projected themselves into six …
Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites
A study of the causes of crowding perceptions at a heavily used recreation area is reported. It was hypothesized that perceived crowding would be positively correlated with recreationists’ exposure to threatening behavior, and with the probability that physical movement was constrained. Both hypotheses received support. Goal‐related crowding, stemming from incompatibilities between physical density levels and various psychological goals motivatin…
Experience‐based setting management: Implications for market segmentation of hunters
Experience‐based setting management seeks to provide rewarding psychological experiences to recreation participants by managing the physical environments in which recreation occurs. This approach has value to private landowners who provide outdoor recreation opportunities, because it improves their ability to target and attract specific segments of the hunting population. In this study, 4 market segments of hunter were identified: outdoor enthusi…
The Effect of Verbal Appeals and Incentives on Depreciative Behavior among Youthful Park Visitors
During twelve autumn weekends in 1985, a field experiment was conducted at Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee to determine the effects of three personally-delivered messages on the amount of “depreciative behavior” committed by youth groups hiking the park's trails. Depreciative behavior was defined as any activity (such as climbing on monuments) that damaged the park's cultural resources. The content of the three messages was based on pros…
Recreational Access to Private Forests: The Impact of Hobby Farming and Exclusivity
This study analyzes public use policies among nonindustrial forestland owners in southern Wisconsin. Landowners' status as “hobby farmers” increased the likelihood that they would restrict public use. However, taking positive action to limit access through posting also required that owners report having past problems with public recreationists, use their own property for recreation, and have ownerships large enough to make direct surveillance imp…
The Effect of Recreation Goals on Conflict Perception: The Case of Water Skiers and Fishermen
An empirical test of a “goal interference” theory of outdoor recreation conflict is reported. According to the theory, when the behavior of one group of recreationists is incompatible with the soci
Toward a behavioral theory of crowding in outdoor recreation: An evaluation and synthesis of research
Research on crowding in outdoor recreation is critically reviewed and formally integrated with that in social psychology, using a series of theoretical axioms, propositions, and theorems. A distinction is drawn between density as a physical construct and crowding as a psychological evaluation of density. Two theoretical traditions in social psychology, stimulus overload and social interference, are compared and related to crowding research in out…
Crowding perception determinants at intensively developed outdoor recreation sites
A study of the causes of crowding perceptions at a heavily used recreation area is reported. It was hypothesized that perceived crowding would be positively correlated with recreationists’ exposure to threatening behavior, and with the probability that physical movement was constrained. Both hypotheses received support. Goal‐related crowding, stemming from incompatibilities between physical density levels and various psychological goals motivatin…
Recreational Access to Private Forests: The Impact of Hobby Farming and Exclusivity
This study analyzes public use policies among nonindustrial forestland owners in southern Wisconsin. Landowners' status as “hobby farmers” increased the likelihood that they would restrict public use. However, taking positive action to limit access through posting also required that owners report having past problems with public recreationists, use their own property for recreation, and have ownerships large enough to make direct surveillance imp…
The Effect of Verbal Appeals and Incentives on Depreciative Behavior among Youthful Park Visitors
During twelve autumn weekends in 1985, a field experiment was conducted at Shiloh National Military Park, Tennessee to determine the effects of three personally-delivered messages on the amount of “depreciative behavior” committed by youth groups hiking the park's trails. Depreciative behavior was defined as any activity (such as climbing on monuments) that damaged the park's cultural resources. The content of the three messages was based on pros…
The convergence of outdoor recreation and tourism research
A human ecological analysis of organizational response to changes in public education policy
This article describes research on the response of environmental education centers, such as nature centers, zoos, and museums to recent changes in public education policy in Texas. These changes had the potential to reduce public school field trips to off-campus educational facilities. Five hypotheses are derived from human ecological theory that focus on organizational function, hierarchical integration, resource competition, and organizational …
Ethnic factors and the use of public outdoor recreation areas: The case of Mexican Americans
This study investigated the effects of subculture, marginality, and perceived discrimination on use of selected public outdoor recreation areas. The assimilation perspective from the sociology literature provided theoretical guidance for the study. These concepts were treated as different types of social distance (cultural distance, socioeconomic distance, and intergroup distance). Each was hypothesized to affect the use of outdoor recreation are…
Effects of Acculturation and Structural Assimilation in Resource-Based Recreation: The Case of Mexican Americans
The study examines the effects of Mexican American acculturation and structural assimilation on outdoor recreation patterns. Based on ethnic assimilation theory, we hypothesized that the greater the level of acculturation or primary structural assimilation, the more similar Mexican Americans would be to Anglo-Americans in their outdoor recreation behavior. Data to test these hypotheses came from a telephone survey of 1,057 households in Maricopa …
Goal orientation, norms, and noise‐induced conflict among recreation area users
This study evaluated Jacob and Schreyer's (1980) theory of recreation conflict using data from a survey of winter visitors to Padre Island National Seashore, Texas. Jacob and Schreyer defined interpersonal conflict as goal interference attributed to the behavior of another and proposed that variations in the standards of appropriate behavior for a setting were a major source of such interference. However, their theory did not address the possibil…
Perceptions of Discrimination in a Recreation Context
The purpose of this study was to test two competing theoretical perspectives on intergroup relations in a recreation context. Specifically, we examined how Spanish language maintenance (an indicator of cultural assimilation), primary structural assimilation (extent of contact with Anglo Americans), and educational attainment (an indicator of socioeconomic assimilation) among Mexican Americans affected perceptions of discrimination in a recreation…
Effect of Personality and Situational Factors on Intentions to Obey Rules in Outdoor Recreation Areas
A laboratory experiment compared the effects of social responsibility (a personality trait) and two situational factors on intentions to obey regulations in outdoor recreation areas. The situational factors were the presence or absence of "awareness-of-consequences" information explaining the reasons for regulations and the presence or absence of probable and significant sanctions for violating regulations. Subjects projected themselves into six …
Experience‐based setting management: Implications for market segmentation of hunters
Experience‐based setting management seeks to provide rewarding psychological experiences to recreation participants by managing the physical environments in which recreation occurs. This approach has value to private landowners who provide outdoor recreation opportunities, because it improves their ability to target and attract specific segments of the hunting population. In this study, 4 market segments of hunter were identified: outdoor enthusi…
The Effect of Cultural Assimilation on the Importance of Family-Related and Nature-Related Recreation among Hispanic Americans
This paper examines the influence of Hispanic-American ethnicity on the family-related and nature-related benefits of outdoor recreation activity. Gordon's ethnic assimilation theory is used as a conceptual framework to examine patterns of Anglo-conformity in perceived recreation benefits, and to look for deviations in these patterns suggestive of selective acculturation. Data were collected through a telephone survey of 995 households in central…
Recreation (12 works) · Political science (11 works) · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management (11 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Geography (8 works) · Environmental Education and Sustainability (5 works) · Ecology (4 works) · Perception (4 works)