William Valliere
Biographic Data
| ID | 5857653 |
|---|---|
| NAME | William Valliere |
| GIVEN NAMES | William |
| FAMILY NAME | Valliere |
| SIGNATURE | VALLIERE W |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Vermont |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 73 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2001 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Public Awareness of and Visitation to National Parks by Racial/Ethnic Minorities
National parks are an important manifestation of the United States’ democratic ideal and attract more than 300 million visits annually. However, racial/ethnic minorities are substantially underrepresented among visitors, and this has led to three hypotheses—marginality, subculture, and discrimination—designed to help explain this pattern of visitation. Moreover, research suggests that the awareness of and visitation to national parks may relate t…
Effects of Transportation on Racial/Ethnic Diversity of National Park Visitors
The demographic composition of the United States is increasingly diverse, but racial/ethnic minority groups are substantially underrepresented in visiting national parks. Transportation is needed to provide access to national parks but may not be equally accessible to all groups in society. This study uses a general population survey of New York City residents to examine the role of transportation in visiting national parks by three racial/ethnic…
Normative Standards for Wildlife Viewing in Parks and Protected Areas
With increasing public interest in wildlife watching, there is a need to develop methods to better inform management of quality viewing opportunities. In this study, normative methods using indicators and standards of quality are applied at two diverse parks/protected areas: a popular national park in Alaska and a lesser known wildlife refuge in New Hampshire. Three potential indicators of quality are identified that can be used to help define an…
Norm Crystallization
Normative theory and methods have become increasingly important in outdoor recreation research and management as an approach to formulating standards of quality in parks and related areas. An important issue associated with this research is the level of agreement or consensus about social norms called crystallization. A new measure, Van der Eijk's measure of agreement (A), is proposed and applied in this study. A test of the effect of potential i…
When Do Normative Standards Matter Most? Understanding the Role of Norm Strength at Multiple National Park Settings
Research has demonstrated variation in the prevalence, importance, and stability of normative standards across different settings and activities. None of these studies, however, has directly used the concept of norm strength to help explain this variation. This study used norm strength to explore variation in normative standards at 52 locations in 13 U.S. national parks. The analysis measured and supported five dimensions of norm strength: intens…
Basic and Applied Research
Leisure studies is an applied field that draws on theory and methods developed in conventional academic disciplines. This paper illustrates the ways in which theory and methods developed in several academic disciplines (sociology, economics, computer science, and statistics) can be employed to help resolve an applied problem (carrying capacity of parks and related areas) in leisure studies. Application of disciplinary theory and methods to leisur…
Methodological Issues in Measuring Crowding-Related Norms in Outdoor Recreation
Based on theoretical and methodological similarities between research on recreationrelated norms and contingent valuation, three methodological issues--question format, starting point bias, and information bias--are explored as they apply to measuring crowding-related norms of visitors to two national parks. Few statistically or substantively significant differences in crowding-related norms were found to be associated with these methodological i…
Coping in Outdoor Recreation
Displacement, product shift, and rationalization are coping mechanisms that can be adopted in response to crowding and conflict in outdoor recreation. Using survey methods, this study found relatively high levels of adoption of coping mechanisms by residents of communities in and around Acadia National Park, Maine in response to perceived increases in 1) overall recreation use levels, 2) selected recreation activities and 3) selected problem beha…
Respondent Self-Assessment of Research on Crowding Norms in Outdoor Recreation
This study explores the validity of measuring crowding norms in outdoor recreation through the use of respondent self-assessment techniques. Review of the literature on crowding norms, and the related topic of contingent valuation, suggests a number of theoretical and methodological issues that can influence validity. Based on this literature review, measures of respondent self-assessment of crowding norms research are developed and applied at mu…
Coping in Outdoor Recreation
Displacement, product shift, and rationalization are coping mechanisms that can be adopted in response to crowding and conflict in outdoor recreation. Using survey methods, this study found relatively high levels of adoption of coping mechanisms by residents of communities in and around Acadia National Park, Maine in response to perceived increases in 1) overall recreation use levels, 2) selected recreation activities and 3) selected problem beha…
Methodological Issues in Measuring Crowding-Related Norms in Outdoor Recreation
Based on theoretical and methodological similarities between research on recreationrelated norms and contingent valuation, three methodological issues--question format, starting point bias, and information bias--are explored as they apply to measuring crowding-related norms of visitors to two national parks. Few statistically or substantively significant differences in crowding-related norms were found to be associated with these methodological i…
Respondent Self-Assessment of Research on Crowding Norms in Outdoor Recreation
This study explores the validity of measuring crowding norms in outdoor recreation through the use of respondent self-assessment techniques. Review of the literature on crowding norms, and the related topic of contingent valuation, suggests a number of theoretical and methodological issues that can influence validity. Based on this literature review, measures of respondent self-assessment of crowding norms research are developed and applied at mu…
Norm Crystallization
Normative theory and methods have become increasingly important in outdoor recreation research and management as an approach to formulating standards of quality in parks and related areas. An important issue associated with this research is the level of agreement or consensus about social norms called crystallization. A new measure, Van der Eijk's measure of agreement (A), is proposed and applied in this study. A test of the effect of potential i…
Public Awareness of and Visitation to National Parks by Racial/Ethnic Minorities
National parks are an important manifestation of the United States’ democratic ideal and attract more than 300 million visits annually. However, racial/ethnic minorities are substantially underrepresented among visitors, and this has led to three hypotheses—marginality, subculture, and discrimination—designed to help explain this pattern of visitation. Moreover, research suggests that the awareness of and visitation to national parks may relate t…
Effects of Transportation on Racial/Ethnic Diversity of National Park Visitors
The demographic composition of the United States is increasingly diverse, but racial/ethnic minority groups are substantially underrepresented in visiting national parks. Transportation is needed to provide access to national parks but may not be equally accessible to all groups in society. This study uses a general population survey of New York City residents to examine the role of transportation in visiting national parks by three racial/ethnic…
When Do Normative Standards Matter Most? Understanding the Role of Norm Strength at Multiple National Park Settings
Research has demonstrated variation in the prevalence, importance, and stability of normative standards across different settings and activities. None of these studies, however, has directly used the concept of norm strength to help explain this variation. This study used norm strength to explore variation in normative standards at 52 locations in 13 U.S. national parks. The analysis measured and supported five dimensions of norm strength: intens…
Coping in Outdoor Recreation
Displacement, product shift, and rationalization are coping mechanisms that can be adopted in response to crowding and conflict in outdoor recreation. Using survey methods, this study found relatively high levels of adoption of coping mechanisms by residents of communities in and around Acadia National Park, Maine in response to perceived increases in 1) overall recreation use levels, 2) selected recreation activities and 3) selected problem beha…
Respondent Self-Assessment of Research on Crowding Norms in Outdoor Recreation
This study explores the validity of measuring crowding norms in outdoor recreation through the use of respondent self-assessment techniques. Review of the literature on crowding norms, and the related topic of contingent valuation, suggests a number of theoretical and methodological issues that can influence validity. Based on this literature review, measures of respondent self-assessment of crowding norms research are developed and applied at mu…
Methodological Issues in Measuring Crowding-Related Norms in Outdoor Recreation
Based on theoretical and methodological similarities between research on recreationrelated norms and contingent valuation, three methodological issues--question format, starting point bias, and information bias--are explored as they apply to measuring crowding-related norms of visitors to two national parks. Few statistically or substantively significant differences in crowding-related norms were found to be associated with these methodological i…
Basic and Applied Research
Leisure studies is an applied field that draws on theory and methods developed in conventional academic disciplines. This paper illustrates the ways in which theory and methods developed in several academic disciplines (sociology, economics, computer science, and statistics) can be employed to help resolve an applied problem (carrying capacity of parks and related areas) in leisure studies. Application of disciplinary theory and methods to leisur…
When Do Normative Standards Matter Most? Understanding the Role of Norm Strength at Multiple National Park Settings
Research has demonstrated variation in the prevalence, importance, and stability of normative standards across different settings and activities. None of these studies, however, has directly used the concept of norm strength to help explain this variation. This study used norm strength to explore variation in normative standards at 52 locations in 13 U.S. national parks. The analysis measured and supported five dimensions of norm strength: intens…
Norm Crystallization
Normative theory and methods have become increasingly important in outdoor recreation research and management as an approach to formulating standards of quality in parks and related areas. An important issue associated with this research is the level of agreement or consensus about social norms called crystallization. A new measure, Van der Eijk's measure of agreement (A), is proposed and applied in this study. A test of the effect of potential i…
Normative Standards for Wildlife Viewing in Parks and Protected Areas
With increasing public interest in wildlife watching, there is a need to develop methods to better inform management of quality viewing opportunities. In this study, normative methods using indicators and standards of quality are applied at two diverse parks/protected areas: a popular national park in Alaska and a lesser known wildlife refuge in New Hampshire. Three potential indicators of quality are identified that can be used to help define an…
Effects of Transportation on Racial/Ethnic Diversity of National Park Visitors
The demographic composition of the United States is increasingly diverse, but racial/ethnic minority groups are substantially underrepresented in visiting national parks. Transportation is needed to provide access to national parks but may not be equally accessible to all groups in society. This study uses a general population survey of New York City residents to examine the role of transportation in visiting national parks by three racial/ethnic…
Public Awareness of and Visitation to National Parks by Racial/Ethnic Minorities
National parks are an important manifestation of the United States’ democratic ideal and attract more than 300 million visits annually. However, racial/ethnic minorities are substantially underrepresented among visitors, and this has led to three hypotheses—marginality, subculture, and discrimination—designed to help explain this pattern of visitation. Moreover, research suggests that the awareness of and visitation to national parks may relate t…
Political science (8 works) · Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management (8 works) · Economic and Environmental Valuation (5 works) · Psychology (5 works) · Recreation (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Sociology (4 works) · Urban Green Space and Health (4 works) · Crowding (3 works)