D Gregory Springer
Biographic Data
| ID | 5872646 |
|---|---|
| NAME | D Gregory Springer |
| GIVEN NAMES | D Gregory |
| FAMILY NAME | Springer |
| SIGNATURE | SPRINGER D G |
| AFFILIATIONS | Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7923-726X |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 27 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 11 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 27 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Music Education Faculty Members’ Perceptions of Admissions and Selection Criteria for Doctoral Music Education Programs
The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of admissions and selection criteria for students entering doctoral music education degree programs. We distributed a questionnaire to music education faculty at 60 institutions in the United States that offered music education doctoral degrees. Resumes/curriculum vitae, writing samples, academic transcripts, recommendation letters, and an interview with faculty…
Old instruments or new? Listeners’ preferences for Baroque violin music performed on period and modern instruments
When performing music of earlier eras, musicians commonly perform on period instruments, yet there is limited empirical evidence regarding listeners’ perceptions of those instruments compared with modern instruments. In two experiments, we examined listeners’ preferences for Baroque violin music performed on period and modern instruments. In Experiment 1, collegiate musicians listened to an excerpt from Telemann’s Concerto à 4 Violini No. 1 perfo…
Evaluations of solo piano performances: The role of performing with and without a musical score
The act of performing without a musical score is common and expected in many contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing with and without a musical score on listeners’ evaluations of solo pianists. We also investigated whether the effects of score use differed according to the perceived expertise of the performer. Participants ( N = 69) were collegiate music students who observed two video recordings of a pianist …
Perfectionism and impostor phenomenon among undergraduate music education majors
Music students and music teachers are subject to a variety of stressors that can negatively affect their health and well-being. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of perfectionism and impostor phenomenon (IP) among undergraduate music education majors. A secondary purpose was to examine the degree to which perfectionist tendencies (self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfecti…
How much is too much? Effects of unexpressive, expressive, and overly-expressive conducting on ensemble expressivity ratings
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of unexpressive, expressive, and overly-expressive conducting on college musicians’ ratings of ensemble expressivity. Participants ( N = 133) from the United States viewed three video recordings of three conductors whose unexpressive, expressive, or overly-expressive conducting performances had been synchronized with the same corresponding, high-quality audio recordings. After viewing each …
Admissions and Selection Criteria for Master’s Students in Music Education Degree Programs
The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of admissions and selection criteria for entering master’s students in music education degree programs. Using multistage sampling, we distributed a questionnaire to music education faculty at National Association of Schools of Music (NASM)-accredited institutions in the United States that offered master’s degrees in music education. Results indicated that music …
Is Major Minor? The Relationship Between Music Major Status and a Measure of Musical Sophistication
Although music education researchers often utilize music major status as a single-item proxy variable for musician status—and with this designation presume musical competencies or abilities of research participants—there is a lack of research demonstrating links between status as a music major and those assumed competencies. In this study, we compared undergraduate music majors and non-music majors ( N = 237) at the group and individual levels us…
Effects of Conducting With or Without a Musical Score on Observers’ Perceptions of Conductors
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of conductor score use (conducting with a musical score vs. conducting without a score) on observers’ perceptions of conductors. We also examined how those effects may differ when viewed from the ensemble perspective compared to the audience perspective. Participants ( N = 126) were collegiate musicians who viewed two video recordings of a conductor leading a collegiate symphonic band through a…
Effects of Model Recordings on Undergraduate Conductors’ Tempo Selections
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of model recordings on undergraduate conductors’ tempo decisions for selected wind band excerpts. Participants ( N = 42) studied three music score excerpts for 5 minutes each either (a) with an increased-tempo recording, (b) with a decreased-tempo recording, or (c) with a metronome set to the faster, printed tempo in the score, followed by a tapping task to demonstrate their preferred tempo. …
Burnout and Impostor Phenomenon Among Undergraduate Music Education Majors
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which impostor feelings and selected demographic variables predict burnout among undergraduate music education majors. Participants ( N = 143) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students. Overall, participants reported relatively high levels of impostor feelings and burnout. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that CIPS sco…
Faculty Perspectives on the Master’s Degree in Music Education
The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of the master’s degree in music education (MME). A total of 76 music teacher educators completed a researcher-designed survey instrument. Participants believed their MME students’ top four motivations for pursuing MME degrees were to become a better teacher, to gain a higher salary, to create a possible pathway to doctoral study in the future, and to gain academ…
Effects of focus of attention instructions on listeners’ evaluations of solo instrumental performance
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of focus of attention instructions (i.e. focus on the solo, accompaniment, or collaboration) on listeners’ performance evaluations. Participants ( N = 159) were inservice band directors who listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of four excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpe…
Using Psycholinguistic Inquiry and Content Analysis to Investigate Emotions in Memories of Musical Experiences
Psycholinguistic inquiry can provide insight into the way the words people use reflect psychological states, including emotional states. There is limited research on the use of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to investigate the psycholinguistic properties of emotional memories related to music. The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which LIWC can be used in the analysis of autobiographical memories related to music…
Effects of Transitional Elements on Listeners’ Aesthetic Responses to a Choral Performance
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transitional elements on listeners’ aesthetic responses. Participants ( N = 81) viewed an excerpt of a choral performance while manipulating a Continuous Response Digital Interface to record their aesthetic responses. Participants in one group viewed the original choral performance, which included two purposeful transitions and no applause between pieces. In the other group, participants …
Interval Identification Predicts Success in Melodic Dictation
The purpose of this study was to investigate possible predictive relationships between interval identification and melodic dictation performance on tasks where students identify short pitch spans after a brief tonicization. College musicians ( N = 35) completed an interval identification test and a series of melodic dictation tasks. Results indicated that interval identification and melodic dictation tests reflected a battery of items ranging fro…
Listeners’ Perceptions of Choral Performances With Static and Expressive Movement
We examined how movement impacted listeners’ perceptions of choral performances. Participants ( N = 115; n = 60 nonmusic majors, n = 55 music majors) viewed excerpts of Moses Hogan’s “Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel” under four conditions: good tone/expressive movement (GT/EM), good tone/static movement (GT/SM), poor tone/expressive movement (PT/EM), and poor tone/static movement (PT/SM). They rated tone quality and overall expressivity for each ex…
Students’ Perspectives on the Master’s Degree in Music Education
The purpose of this study was to investigate currently enrolled students’ perceptions of the master’s degree in music education (MME). A national sample of 136 MME students completed a web-based questionnaire. The most common motivations for enrolling in MME programs were to become a better teacher, to get a higher salary, to gain academic stimulation through graduate-level coursework, and to create a possible pathway to doctoral study in the fut…
Band Directors’ Perceptions of Instrumental Conducting Curricula
The purpose of this study was to examine inservice band directors’ perceptions of their undergraduate instrumental conducting curricula. Members ( N = 141) of the Facebook Band Directors Group who had completed undergraduate conducting and rehearsal techniques coursework responded to an online survey. Respondents felt more confident demonstrating technical conducting behaviors versus expressive ones, perceived their instruction in conducting skil…
Effects of Tonic Drone Accompaniments on the Intonation of Collegiate Wind Instrumentalists
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tonic drone accompaniments on the intonation of collegiate wind instrumentalists. Participants ( N = 68) played an excerpt of the melody “Long, Long Ago” in three conditions: a mono drone (tonic note only), dyad drone (tonic plus fifth), and a control condition (no drone). Results indicated no significant effects on intonation performance due to drone condition. However, participants’ rating…
Effects of Dark and Bright Timbral Instructions on the Production of Pitch and Timbre
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school ( n = 28) and collegiate ( n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders were randomly assigned. Dependent variables included one acoustical measure of pitch (absolute cen…
Effects of Pitch Source on Pitch-Matching and Intonation Accuracy of Collegiate Singers
In this study, we examined the effects of multiple reference pitch sources on collegiate singers’ accuracy in pitch-matching and intonation tasks. We also investigated which reference pitch source participants preferred and for what reasons. Participants ( N = 99) sang a two-measure excerpt of Joseph Dearest, Joseph Mine after listening to the starting pitch of A on a pitch pipe, the piano, a vocal hum, or a tuning fork in two conditions. For one…
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in Band Directors’ Evaluations of Solo Instrumental Performance
The purpose of this replication study was to examine the effects of accompaniment on evaluations of solo instrumental performances. Although previous findings have indicated that instrumental music education majors’ evaluations of soloists were not independent of accompaniment, it is unknown whether more experienced evaluators are similarly affected by accompaniment. In addition to using a new population (in-service band directors), we also exten…
Investigating adjudicator bias in concert band evaluations: An application of the Many-Facets Rasch Model
Prior research indicates mixed findings regarding the consistency of adjudicators’ ratings at large ensemble festivals, yet the results of these festivals have strong impacts on the perceived success of instrumental music programs and the perceived effectiveness of their directors. In this study, Rasch modeling was used to investigate the potential influence of adjudicators on performance ratings at a live large ensemble festival. Evaluation form…
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in the Evaluation of Solo Instrumental Performance
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of accompaniment quality on the evaluation of solo instrumental performance. Undergraduate instrumental music education majors ( N = 71) listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of six excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major , which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano ac…
Effects of Pre-Tuning Vocalization Behaviors on the Tuning Accuracy of College Instrumentalists
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two pre-tuning vocalization behaviors (humming and singing) on the tuning accuracy of woodwind and brass instrumentalists. Undergraduate collegiate musicians ( N = 72) performed a sustained stimulus pitch (concert B-flat) while engaging in one of the two conditions or the control condition (silence). We also explored the relationships between participants’ tuning accuracy and their tuning co…
Burnout and Impostor Phenomenon Among Undergraduate Music Education Majors
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which impostor feelings and selected demographic variables predict burnout among undergraduate music education majors. Participants ( N = 143) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students. Overall, participants reported relatively high levels of impostor feelings and burnout. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that CIPS sco…
Effects of Pre-Tuning Vocalization Behaviors on the Tuning Accuracy of College Instrumentalists
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two pre-tuning vocalization behaviors (humming and singing) on the tuning accuracy of woodwind and brass instrumentalists. Undergraduate collegiate musicians ( N = 72) performed a sustained stimulus pitch (concert B-flat) while engaging in one of the two conditions or the control condition (silence). We also explored the relationships between participants’ tuning accuracy and their tuning co…
Effects of Dark and Bright Timbral Instructions on the Production of Pitch and Timbre
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school ( n = 28) and collegiate ( n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders were randomly assigned. Dependent variables included one acoustical measure of pitch (absolute cen…
Effects of Pitch Source on Pitch-Matching and Intonation Accuracy of Collegiate Singers
In this study, we examined the effects of multiple reference pitch sources on collegiate singers’ accuracy in pitch-matching and intonation tasks. We also investigated which reference pitch source participants preferred and for what reasons. Participants ( N = 99) sang a two-measure excerpt of Joseph Dearest, Joseph Mine after listening to the starting pitch of A on a pitch pipe, the piano, a vocal hum, or a tuning fork in two conditions. For one…
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in Band Directors’ Evaluations of Solo Instrumental Performance
The purpose of this replication study was to examine the effects of accompaniment on evaluations of solo instrumental performances. Although previous findings have indicated that instrumental music education majors’ evaluations of soloists were not independent of accompaniment, it is unknown whether more experienced evaluators are similarly affected by accompaniment. In addition to using a new population (in-service band directors), we also exten…
Beliefs of Applied Studio Faculty on Desirable Traits of Prospective Music Education Majors
The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs of applied music faculty on desirable traits of prospective music education majors. Respondents ( N = 326), who were sampled from 73 National Association of Schools of Music–accredited institutions in the United States, completed a survey instrument developed to determine the characteristics of the admissions process at their institutions, their perceptions of various professional dispositions …
What They Didn’t Teach Me in My Undergraduate Degree: An Exploratory Study of Graduate Student Musicians’ Expressed Opinions of Career Development Opportunities
College Music Symposium is the premier journal of The College Music Society, published for over 50 years, since 1961. Symposium is an online, refereed, journal through which The College Music Society will present the work of its members for use by the public and professional musicians. The name \"College Music Symposium\" honors the achievements of the past while using new technologies to meet the continuing need of the public and all working in …
Beliefs of Applied Studio Faculty on Desirable Traits of Prospective Music Education Majors
The purpose of this study was to examine the beliefs of applied music faculty on desirable traits of prospective music education majors. Respondents ( N = 326), who were sampled from 73 National Association of Schools of Music–accredited institutions in the United States, completed a survey instrument developed to determine the characteristics of the admissions process at their institutions, their perceptions of various professional dispositions …
Investigating adjudicator bias in concert band evaluations: An application of the Many-Facets Rasch Model
Prior research indicates mixed findings regarding the consistency of adjudicators’ ratings at large ensemble festivals, yet the results of these festivals have strong impacts on the perceived success of instrumental music programs and the perceived effectiveness of their directors. In this study, Rasch modeling was used to investigate the potential influence of adjudicators on performance ratings at a live large ensemble festival. Evaluation form…
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in the Evaluation of Solo Instrumental Performance
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of accompaniment quality on the evaluation of solo instrumental performance. Undergraduate instrumental music education majors ( N = 71) listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of six excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major , which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano ac…
Effects of Pre-Tuning Vocalization Behaviors on the Tuning Accuracy of College Instrumentalists
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two pre-tuning vocalization behaviors (humming and singing) on the tuning accuracy of woodwind and brass instrumentalists. Undergraduate collegiate musicians ( N = 72) performed a sustained stimulus pitch (concert B-flat) while engaging in one of the two conditions or the control condition (silence). We also explored the relationships between participants’ tuning accuracy and their tuning co…
Effects of Pitch Source on Pitch-Matching and Intonation Accuracy of Collegiate Singers
In this study, we examined the effects of multiple reference pitch sources on collegiate singers’ accuracy in pitch-matching and intonation tasks. We also investigated which reference pitch source participants preferred and for what reasons. Participants ( N = 99) sang a two-measure excerpt of Joseph Dearest, Joseph Mine after listening to the starting pitch of A on a pitch pipe, the piano, a vocal hum, or a tuning fork in two conditions. For one…
The Role of Accompaniment Quality in Band Directors’ Evaluations of Solo Instrumental Performance
The purpose of this replication study was to examine the effects of accompaniment on evaluations of solo instrumental performances. Although previous findings have indicated that instrumental music education majors’ evaluations of soloists were not independent of accompaniment, it is unknown whether more experienced evaluators are similarly affected by accompaniment. In addition to using a new population (in-service band directors), we also exten…
Students’ Perspectives on the Master’s Degree in Music Education
The purpose of this study was to investigate currently enrolled students’ perceptions of the master’s degree in music education (MME). A national sample of 136 MME students completed a web-based questionnaire. The most common motivations for enrolling in MME programs were to become a better teacher, to get a higher salary, to gain academic stimulation through graduate-level coursework, and to create a possible pathway to doctoral study in the fut…
Band Directors’ Perceptions of Instrumental Conducting Curricula
The purpose of this study was to examine inservice band directors’ perceptions of their undergraduate instrumental conducting curricula. Members ( N = 141) of the Facebook Band Directors Group who had completed undergraduate conducting and rehearsal techniques coursework responded to an online survey. Respondents felt more confident demonstrating technical conducting behaviors versus expressive ones, perceived their instruction in conducting skil…
Effects of Tonic Drone Accompaniments on the Intonation of Collegiate Wind Instrumentalists
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of tonic drone accompaniments on the intonation of collegiate wind instrumentalists. Participants ( N = 68) played an excerpt of the melody “Long, Long Ago” in three conditions: a mono drone (tonic note only), dyad drone (tonic plus fifth), and a control condition (no drone). Results indicated no significant effects on intonation performance due to drone condition. However, participants’ rating…
Effects of Dark and Bright Timbral Instructions on the Production of Pitch and Timbre
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of timbral instructions on pitch and timbre production. High school ( n = 28) and collegiate ( n = 28) trumpeters played sustained tones at two octave levels (written C4 and C5) following three types of timbral instructions (dark-timbre, bright-timbre, or neutral instructions). Presentation orders were randomly assigned. Dependent variables included one acoustical measure of pitch (absolute cen…
Interval Identification Predicts Success in Melodic Dictation
The purpose of this study was to investigate possible predictive relationships between interval identification and melodic dictation performance on tasks where students identify short pitch spans after a brief tonicization. College musicians ( N = 35) completed an interval identification test and a series of melodic dictation tasks. Results indicated that interval identification and melodic dictation tests reflected a battery of items ranging fro…
Listeners’ Perceptions of Choral Performances With Static and Expressive Movement
We examined how movement impacted listeners’ perceptions of choral performances. Participants ( N = 115; n = 60 nonmusic majors, n = 55 music majors) viewed excerpts of Moses Hogan’s “Didn’t My Lord Deliver Daniel” under four conditions: good tone/expressive movement (GT/EM), good tone/static movement (GT/SM), poor tone/expressive movement (PT/EM), and poor tone/static movement (PT/SM). They rated tone quality and overall expressivity for each ex…
Faculty Perspectives on the Master’s Degree in Music Education
The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of the master’s degree in music education (MME). A total of 76 music teacher educators completed a researcher-designed survey instrument. Participants believed their MME students’ top four motivations for pursuing MME degrees were to become a better teacher, to gain a higher salary, to create a possible pathway to doctoral study in the future, and to gain academ…
Effects of focus of attention instructions on listeners’ evaluations of solo instrumental performance
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of focus of attention instructions (i.e. focus on the solo, accompaniment, or collaboration) on listeners’ performance evaluations. Participants ( N = 159) were inservice band directors who listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of four excerpts of Haydn’s Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpe…
Using Psycholinguistic Inquiry and Content Analysis to Investigate Emotions in Memories of Musical Experiences
Psycholinguistic inquiry can provide insight into the way the words people use reflect psychological states, including emotional states. There is limited research on the use of Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) software to investigate the psycholinguistic properties of emotional memories related to music. The purpose of this study was to test the extent to which LIWC can be used in the analysis of autobiographical memories related to music…
Effects of Transitional Elements on Listeners’ Aesthetic Responses to a Choral Performance
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of transitional elements on listeners’ aesthetic responses. Participants ( N = 81) viewed an excerpt of a choral performance while manipulating a Continuous Response Digital Interface to record their aesthetic responses. Participants in one group viewed the original choral performance, which included two purposeful transitions and no applause between pieces. In the other group, participants …
Admissions and Selection Criteria for Master’s Students in Music Education Degree Programs
The purpose of this study was to examine music education faculty members’ perceptions of admissions and selection criteria for entering master’s students in music education degree programs. Using multistage sampling, we distributed a questionnaire to music education faculty at National Association of Schools of Music (NASM)-accredited institutions in the United States that offered master’s degrees in music education. Results indicated that music …
Is Major Minor? The Relationship Between Music Major Status and a Measure of Musical Sophistication
Although music education researchers often utilize music major status as a single-item proxy variable for musician status—and with this designation presume musical competencies or abilities of research participants—there is a lack of research demonstrating links between status as a music major and those assumed competencies. In this study, we compared undergraduate music majors and non-music majors ( N = 237) at the group and individual levels us…
Effects of Conducting With or Without a Musical Score on Observers’ Perceptions of Conductors
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of conductor score use (conducting with a musical score vs. conducting without a score) on observers’ perceptions of conductors. We also examined how those effects may differ when viewed from the ensemble perspective compared to the audience perspective. Participants ( N = 126) were collegiate musicians who viewed two video recordings of a conductor leading a collegiate symphonic band through a…
Effects of Model Recordings on Undergraduate Conductors’ Tempo Selections
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of model recordings on undergraduate conductors’ tempo decisions for selected wind band excerpts. Participants ( N = 42) studied three music score excerpts for 5 minutes each either (a) with an increased-tempo recording, (b) with a decreased-tempo recording, or (c) with a metronome set to the faster, printed tempo in the score, followed by a tapping task to demonstrate their preferred tempo. …
Burnout and Impostor Phenomenon Among Undergraduate Music Education Majors
The purpose of this study was to examine the degree to which impostor feelings and selected demographic variables predict burnout among undergraduate music education majors. Participants ( N = 143) completed the Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale (CIPS) and the Maslach Burnout Inventory for Students. Overall, participants reported relatively high levels of impostor feelings and burnout. Results of multiple regression analyses revealed that CIPS sco…
Old instruments or new? Listeners’ preferences for Baroque violin music performed on period and modern instruments
When performing music of earlier eras, musicians commonly perform on period instruments, yet there is limited empirical evidence regarding listeners’ perceptions of those instruments compared with modern instruments. In two experiments, we examined listeners’ preferences for Baroque violin music performed on period and modern instruments. In Experiment 1, collegiate musicians listened to an excerpt from Telemann’s Concerto à 4 Violini No. 1 perfo…
Evaluations of solo piano performances: The role of performing with and without a musical score
The act of performing without a musical score is common and expected in many contexts. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of performing with and without a musical score on listeners’ evaluations of solo pianists. We also investigated whether the effects of score use differed according to the perceived expertise of the performer. Participants ( N = 69) were collegiate music students who observed two video recordings of a pianist …
Perfectionism and impostor phenomenon among undergraduate music education majors
Music students and music teachers are subject to a variety of stressors that can negatively affect their health and well-being. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the incidence of perfectionism and impostor phenomenon (IP) among undergraduate music education majors. A secondary purpose was to examine the degree to which perfectionist tendencies (self-oriented perfectionism, other-oriented perfectionism, and socially prescribed perfecti…
Psychology (25 works) · Diverse Music Education Insights (24 works) · Neuroscience and Music Perception (16 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Medicine (10 works) · Art (9 works) · Pedagogy (9 works) · Acoustics (8 works) · Music education (8 works) · Musical (8 works)