Robert W Howarth

Biographic Data

ID5889322
NAMERobert W Howarth
GIVEN NAMESRobert W
FAMILY NAMEHowarth
SIGNATUREHOWARTH R W
AFFILIATIONSCornell University
ORCID0000-0001-9531-4288
VERIFIEDYes
TOTAL WORKS14
TOTAL CITATIONS9
AUTHOR COUNT14
EDITOR COUNT0
FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR1998
LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR2015
H-INDEX2

  • Comparison of production-phase environmental impact metrics derived at the farm- and national-scale for United States agricultural commodities

    Open AccessChristine Costello, Xiaobo Xue et al.ARTICLEEnvironmental Research Letters2015

    Agricultural production is critical for human survival and simultaneously contributes to ecosystem degradation. There is a need for transparent, rapid methods for evaluating the environmental impacts of agricultural production at the system-level in order to develop sustainable food supplies. We have developed a method for estimating the greenhouse gas (GHG), land use and reactive nitrogen inputs associated with the agricultural production phase …

  • Evaluating anthropogenic N inputs to diverse lake basins: A case study of three Chinese lakes

    Open AccessWei Gao, Dennis P Swaney et al.ARTICLEAMBIO2015References: 40

  • Net anthropogenic nitrogen inputs to watersheds and riverine N export to coastal waters: A brief overview

    Open AccessDennis P Swaney, Bongghi Hong et al.ARTICLECurrent Opinion in Environmental…2012Cited by: 3References: 1

  • Methane and the greenhouse-gas footprint of natural gas from shale formations: A letter

    Open AccessRobert W Howarth, Renee Santoro et al.ARTICLEClimatic Change2011

    We evaluate the greenhouse gas footprint of natural gas obtained by high-volume hydraulic fracturing from shale formations, focusing on methane emissions. Natural gas is composed largely of methane, and 3.6% to 7.9% of the methane from shale-gas production escapes to the atmosphere in venting and leaks over the life-time of a well. These methane emissions are at least 30% more than and perhaps more than twice as great as those from conventional g…

  • Should fracking stop?

    Open AccessRobert W Howarth, Anthony Ingraffea et al.ARTICLENature2011

  • The role of technology and policy in mitigating regional nitrogen pollution

    Open AccessBaojing Gu, Yimei Zhu et al.ARTICLEEnvironmental Research Letters2011

    Human activity greatly influences nitrogen (N) pollution in urbanized and adjacent areas. We comprehensively studied the N cycling in an urban-rural complex system, the Greater Hangzhou Area (GHA) in southeastern China. Our results indicated that subsurface N accumulation doubled, riverine N export tripled and atmospheric N pollutants increased 2.5 times within the GHA from 1980-2004. Agriculture was the largest N pollution source to air and wate…

  • Hypoxia in the Northern Gulf of Mexico

    Open AccessVirginia H Dale, Donelson Wright et al.BOOKHypoxia in the Northern Gulf of…2010

  • Controlling Eutrophication: Nitrogen and Phosphorus

    Open AccessDaniel J Conley, Hans W Paerl et al.ARTICLEScience2009

  • Nitrogen Cycles: Past, Present, and Future

    Open AccessJames N Galloway, Frank Dentener et al.ARTICLEBiogeochemistry2004

  • The Nitrogen Cascade

    James N Galloway, J D Aber et al.ARTICLEBioScience2003

    Human production of food and energy is the dominant continental process that breaks the triple bond in molecular nitrogen (N 2 ) and creates reactive nitrogen (Nr) species. Circulation of anthropogenic Nr in Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere has a wide variety of consequences, which are magnified with time as Nr moves along its biogeochemical pathway. The same atom of Nr can cause multiple effects in the atmosphere, in terrestrial ec…

  • Nitrogen Use in the United States from 1961–2000 and Potential Future Trends

    Robert W Howarth, Elizabeth W Boyer et al.ARTICLEAMBIO2002References: 25

    Nitrogen inputs to the US from human activity doubled between 1961 and 1997, with most of the increase in the 1960s and 1970s. The largest increase was in use of inorganic N fertilizer, but emissions of NOx from fossil-fuel combustion also increased substantially. In 1961, N fixation in agricultural systems was the largest single source of reactive N in the US. By 1997, even though N fixation had increased, fertilizer use and NOx emissions had in…

  • Nitrogen Use in the United States from 1961–2000 and Potential Future Trends

    Robert W Howarth, Elizabeth W Boyer et al.ARTICLEAMBIO2002Cited by: 6

    Nitrogen inputs to the US from human activity doubled between 1961 and 1997, with most of the increase in the 1960s and 1970s. The largest increase was in use of inorganic N fertilizer, but emissions of NOx from fossil-fuel combustion also increased substantially. In 1961, N fixation in agricultural systems was the largest single source of reactive N in the US. By 1997, even though N fixation had increased, fertilizer use and NOx emissions had in…

  • Forecasting Agriculturally Driven Global Environmental Change

    Open AccessD Tilman, Joseph Fargione et al.ARTICLEScience2001

    During the next 50 years, which is likely to be the final period of rapid agricultural expansion, demand for food by a wealthier and 50% larger global population will be a major driver of global environmental change. Should past dependences of the global environmental impacts of agriculture on human population and consumption continue, 10 9 hectares of natural ecosystems would be converted to agriculture by 2050. This would be accompanied by 2.4-…

  • Nonpoint Pollution of Surface Waters With Phosphorus and Nitrogen

    Open AccessR Carpenter, S R Carpenter et al.ARTICLEEcological Applications1998

    Agriculture and urban activities are major sources of phosphorus and nitrogen to aquatic ecosystems. Atmospheric deposition further contributes as a source of N. These nonpoint inputs of nutrients are difficult to measure and regulate because they derive from activities dispersed over wide areas of land and are variable in time due to effects of weather. In aquatic ecosystems, these nutrients cause diverse problems such as toxic algal blooms, los…