Fernando Sanz
Biographic Data
| ID | 5919869 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Fernando Sanz |
| GIVEN NAMES | Fernando |
| FAMILY NAME | Sanz |
| SIGNATURE | SANZ F |
| AFFILIATIONS | Universidad de Zaragoza |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-3725-0022 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 36 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 15 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1993 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
A long-term, regional-level analysis of Zipf's and Gibrat's laws in the United States
We test the validity of Zipf's and Gibrat's laws for city size distributions at the regional level from 1900 to 2010 by considering US states. Zipf's law is satisfied for a majority of states, but for the United States as a whole it only held during the first half of the twentieth century. The null hypothesis of a power law is not rejected at the national level or for most states (the maximum number of rejections in one year is 13 states out of 4…
Urbanization and Covid‐19 incidence
Size distributions for all cities
The impact of the American Civil War on city growth
This paper analyses the persistence of the shock caused by the American Civil War on the relative city size distribution of the USA. Two features make the study of this conflict interesting. First, it took place at an earlier stage of the industrialisation and urbanisation processes than those previously analysed in the related literature. Second, the battles were fought in the open field, not in urban areas. In line with previous results for the…
The validity of the monocentric city model in a polycentric age
In this article, we use local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and other spatial analysis techniques to analyze the distribution of centers with high employment density within metropolitan areas. We examine the 359 metropolitan areas across the United States at three points in time (1990, 2000, and 2010) to provide a spatio-temporal panoramic of urban spatial structure. Our analysis highlights three key findings. (1) The monocentric struc…
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities
The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s law on the growth of cities, using data on the complete distribution of cities (without size restrictions) from three countries (the US, Spain and Italy) for the entire 20th century. In order to achieve this, different techniques are used. First, panel data unit root tests tend to confirm the validity of Gibrat’s law in the upper-tail distribution. Secondly, when the entire dist…
The Evolution of Spanish Urban Structure during the Twentieth Century
In this paper, an analysis is made of the evolution of Spanish urban structure during the period 1900-99. It is postulated that the size distribution of the cities follows a Pareto distribution, which is estimated on a yearly basis. At the same time, the hypothesis is adopted that the intradistribution dynamics can be modelled by means of a Markov chain. In this way, are deduced the so-called transition matrix and its associated vector or ergodic…
Changing the economic landscape
Changing the economic landscape
Geographical Dynamics
There is a certain degree of consensus that economic activity is more concentrated in the US than in Europe. In this paper we aim to test the empirical validity of such a proposition, identifying the sectors for which this assertion is more appropriate and determining their predictable future evolution. There are three main results. First, that the US economic area is not clearly more concentrated than that of Europe; second, that the economic la…
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core-periphery model
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core‐periphery model
The Public Sector and Core-Periphery Models
In this paper, we present an extension to Krugman's core-periphery model-namely, the introduction of the public sector as a new economic agent. There are two main results: first, we demonstrate theoretically that regions with a lower tax-burden in net terms, in the sense of having lower taxes and/or higher levels of public efficiency in their management, offer greater incentives to attract economic activity; secondly, the influence of the transpo…
Krugman's Core-Periphery Model with Heterogeneous Quality of Land
In 1991, Krugman developed a general equilibrium model with two sectors and two regions, from which two patterns of industrial location could be deduced endogenously, namely symmetric dispersion at 50 per cent and total concentration. In this paper, we present a very simple extension to this original model. The consideration of regions with different agricultural populations, reflecting a different quality of land, allows us to deduce asymmetric …
Bilateral Trade Flows, The Gravity Equation, and Functional Form
The gravity equation has been frequently and successfully used for nearly thirty years to further understanding of the determinants of bilateral trade flows across countries and, subsequently, to analyze commercial policy measures. A maintained hypothesis by the applied literature on international trade as gravity equation loglinearity is questioned in this paper since the possibility of a general functional form is open through Box-Cox transform…
Size distributions for all cities
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities
The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s law on the growth of cities, using data on the complete distribution of cities (without size restrictions) from three countries (the US, Spain and Italy) for the entire 20th century. In order to achieve this, different techniques are used. First, panel data unit root tests tend to confirm the validity of Gibrat’s law in the upper-tail distribution. Secondly, when the entire dist…
Urbanization and Covid‐19 incidence
The Evolution of Spanish Urban Structure during the Twentieth Century
In this paper, an analysis is made of the evolution of Spanish urban structure during the period 1900-99. It is postulated that the size distribution of the cities follows a Pareto distribution, which is estimated on a yearly basis. At the same time, the hypothesis is adopted that the intradistribution dynamics can be modelled by means of a Markov chain. In this way, are deduced the so-called transition matrix and its associated vector or ergodic…
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core-periphery model
The impact of the American Civil War on city growth
This paper analyses the persistence of the shock caused by the American Civil War on the relative city size distribution of the USA. Two features make the study of this conflict interesting. First, it took place at an earlier stage of the industrialisation and urbanisation processes than those previously analysed in the related literature. Second, the battles were fought in the open field, not in urban areas. In line with previous results for the…
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core‐periphery model
Changing the economic landscape
Geographical Dynamics
There is a certain degree of consensus that economic activity is more concentrated in the US than in Europe. In this paper we aim to test the empirical validity of such a proposition, identifying the sectors for which this assertion is more appropriate and determining their predictable future evolution. There are three main results. First, that the US economic area is not clearly more concentrated than that of Europe; second, that the economic la…
The Public Sector and Core-Periphery Models
In this paper, we present an extension to Krugman's core-periphery model-namely, the introduction of the public sector as a new economic agent. There are two main results: first, we demonstrate theoretically that regions with a lower tax-burden in net terms, in the sense of having lower taxes and/or higher levels of public efficiency in their management, offer greater incentives to attract economic activity; secondly, the influence of the transpo…
Krugman's Core-Periphery Model with Heterogeneous Quality of Land
In 1991, Krugman developed a general equilibrium model with two sectors and two regions, from which two patterns of industrial location could be deduced endogenously, namely symmetric dispersion at 50 per cent and total concentration. In this paper, we present a very simple extension to this original model. The consideration of regions with different agricultural populations, reflecting a different quality of land, allows us to deduce asymmetric …
Bilateral Trade Flows, The Gravity Equation, and Functional Form
The gravity equation has been frequently and successfully used for nearly thirty years to further understanding of the determinants of bilateral trade flows across countries and, subsequently, to analyze commercial policy measures. A maintained hypothesis by the applied literature on international trade as gravity equation loglinearity is questioned in this paper since the possibility of a general functional form is open through Box-Cox transform…
Krugman's Core-Periphery Model with Heterogeneous Quality of Land
In 1991, Krugman developed a general equilibrium model with two sectors and two regions, from which two patterns of industrial location could be deduced endogenously, namely symmetric dispersion at 50 per cent and total concentration. In this paper, we present a very simple extension to this original model. The consideration of regions with different agricultural populations, reflecting a different quality of land, allows us to deduce asymmetric …
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core-periphery model
Multiple equilibria, stability, and asymmetries in Krugman's core‐periphery model
The Public Sector and Core-Periphery Models
In this paper, we present an extension to Krugman's core-periphery model-namely, the introduction of the public sector as a new economic agent. There are two main results: first, we demonstrate theoretically that regions with a lower tax-burden in net terms, in the sense of having lower taxes and/or higher levels of public efficiency in their management, offer greater incentives to attract economic activity; secondly, the influence of the transpo…
Changing the economic landscape
Changing the economic landscape
Geographical Dynamics
There is a certain degree of consensus that economic activity is more concentrated in the US than in Europe. In this paper we aim to test the empirical validity of such a proposition, identifying the sectors for which this assertion is more appropriate and determining their predictable future evolution. There are three main results. First, that the US economic area is not clearly more concentrated than that of Europe; second, that the economic la…
The Evolution of Spanish Urban Structure during the Twentieth Century
In this paper, an analysis is made of the evolution of Spanish urban structure during the period 1900-99. It is postulated that the size distribution of the cities follows a Pareto distribution, which is estimated on a yearly basis. At the same time, the hypothesis is adopted that the intradistribution dynamics can be modelled by means of a Markov chain. In this way, are deduced the so-called transition matrix and its associated vector or ergodic…
The validity of the monocentric city model in a polycentric age
In this article, we use local indicators of spatial association (LISA) and other spatial analysis techniques to analyze the distribution of centers with high employment density within metropolitan areas. We examine the 359 metropolitan areas across the United States at three points in time (1990, 2000, and 2010) to provide a spatio-temporal panoramic of urban spatial structure. Our analysis highlights three key findings. (1) The monocentric struc…
New Evidence on Gibrat’s Law for Cities
The aim of this work is to test empirically the validity of Gibrat’s law on the growth of cities, using data on the complete distribution of cities (without size restrictions) from three countries (the US, Spain and Italy) for the entire 20th century. In order to achieve this, different techniques are used. First, panel data unit root tests tend to confirm the validity of Gibrat’s law in the upper-tail distribution. Secondly, when the entire dist…
Size distributions for all cities
The impact of the American Civil War on city growth
This paper analyses the persistence of the shock caused by the American Civil War on the relative city size distribution of the USA. Two features make the study of this conflict interesting. First, it took place at an earlier stage of the industrialisation and urbanisation processes than those previously analysed in the related literature. Second, the battles were fought in the open field, not in urban areas. In line with previous results for the…
Urbanization and Covid‐19 incidence
A long-term, regional-level analysis of Zipf's and Gibrat's laws in the United States
We test the validity of Zipf's and Gibrat's laws for city size distributions at the regional level from 1900 to 2010 by considering US states. Zipf's law is satisfied for a majority of states, but for the United States as a whole it only held during the first half of the twentieth century. The null hypothesis of a power law is not rejected at the national level or for most states (the maximum number of rejections in one year is 13 states out of 4…
Economics (14 works) · Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis (10 works) · Geography (9 works) · Econometrics (7 works) · Economic geography (6 works) · Mathematics (6 works) · Computer Science (5 works) · Economic Growth and Productivity (5 works) · Physics (5 works) · Political science (5 works)