Penny A Cook
Biographic Data
| ID | 6016894 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Penny A Cook |
| GIVEN NAMES | Penny A |
| FAMILY NAME | Cook |
| SIGNATURE | COOK P A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Salford |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-6435-8050 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 30 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 30 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Fasd and Intellectual Disability Equivalence: A Meta‐Analysis of Suggestibility During Forensic Interviews
Intellectual disability (ID) equivalence describes conditions in which individuals function cognitively and adaptively at levels comparable to ID without meeting IQ‐based diagnostic criteria. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is characterised by impaired executive and adaptive functioning despite IQs often above the ID threshold, suggesting functional overlap with ID. This meta‐analytic study is the first to examine whether FASD and ID share…
The Impact of a Neurocollaborative Theraplay® Informed Intervention on the Presentations of Developmental Trauma and Attachment Difficulties in Adopted Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure: An Exte…
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-025-00715-z
Evaluating the Difference in Neuropsychological Profiles of Individuals with Fasd Based on the Number of Sentinel Facial Features: A Service Evaluation of the Fasd UK National Clinic Database
(1) It might be implied that those with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) with fewer sentinel facial features have a "milder" neuropsychological presentation, or present with fewer impairments than those with more sentinel facial features. The aim of this service evaluation was to compare the neuropsychological profile of people with FASD with varying numbers of sentinel facial features. (2) A clinical sample of 150 individuals with FASD, ag…
Integrating knowledge on green infrastructure, health and well-being in ageing populations: Principles for research and practice
Ageing and urbanisation pose significant challenges for public health and urban planning. Ageing populations are at particular risk from hazards arising from urbanisation processes, some of which are in turn exacerbated by climate change. One approach for mitigating the negative effects of urbanisation on ageing populations is the leveraging of the beneficial effects of urban green infrastructure as a public health intervention in the planning pr…
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Investigative interviewing: A systematic review highlighting clinical and legal implications and recommendations
Individuals with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are estimated to be 19 times more likely to encounter the criminal justice system (CJS) in comparison to individuals without FASD. During encounters with the CJS, investigative interviews are employed to obtain accurate information from suspects, victims or witnesses of crime. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines was performed to identify empirical studies published that have explor…
Evaluation of a pharmacy supported e-cigarette smoking cessation intervention in Northwest England
E-cigarette distribution combined with pharmacy support appears to be an agreeable and effective intervention for smoking cessation, but further data are needed on long-term quit rates and health effects
A priori’ external contextual factors and relationships with process indicators: A mixed methods study of the pre-implementation phase of ‘Communities in Charge of Alcohol’
ISRCTN81942890, date of registration 12/09/2017
A mixed methods analysis evaluating an alcohol health champion community intervention: How do newly trained champions perceive and understand their training and role
Globally, alcohol harm is recognised as one of the greatest population risks and reducing alcohol harm is a key priority for the UK Government. The Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) programme took an asset-based approach in training community members across nine areas to become alcohol health champions (AHCs); trained in how to have informal conversations about alcohol and get involved with alcohol licensing. This paper reports on the exper…
Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework
Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social process…
Enabling Urban Social Farming: The need for radical green infrastructure in the city
With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, there are concerns that health services are beginning to be stretched beyond working limits, particularly in the Global North, where many nations face ageing populations and similar obstacles. One suggested radical method to tackle these issues would be to provide access to Green Infrastructure (GI) interventions, including the development of social farms, particularly within urban area…
How can communities influence alcohol licensing at a local level? Licensing officers’ perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to sustaining engagement in a volunteer-led alcohol harm reduction a…
Despite the World Health Organization's assertion that communities need to become involved in reducing alcohol harm, evidence of community engagement in alcohol licensing decision-making in England remains limited. The evaluation of the Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) programme offers policymakers, Licensing authorities and public health practitioners, evidence regarding a specific volunteer-led, place-based approach, designed to enable c…
An asset-based community development approach to reducing alcohol harm: Exploring barriers and facilitators to community mobilisation at initial implementation stage
Globally there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm. This paper reports on the initial implementation phase of an asset-based community development (ABCD) approach to reducing alcohol harm in ten pre-identified areas across Greater Manchester (UK). This qualitative study highlights the experiences of stakeholders responsible for, or engaged in, implementation. Findings show that it is challenging to recruit sufficient…
Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one outcome from prenatal alcohol exposure. Social workers are likely to encounter children with the condition, due to the greater likelihood of prenatal alcohol exposure among children in social services settings. This study explores the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected of having FASD and the support offered to social workers, the children and their families. Semi-structur…
Barriers and facilitators to extended working life: A focus on a predominately female ageing workforce
Many countries are reforming their pension systems so people stay in work for longer to improve the long-term sustainability of public finances to support an increasing older population. This research aimed to explore the factors that enable or inhibit people to extend working life (EWL) in a large United Kingdom-based retail organisation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample (N = 30): 15 employees aged ⩾60 and 15 s…
Relationships between health outcomes in older populations and urban green infrastructure size, quality and proximity
The influence of urban GI on population health is mediated by green-space form, quantity, accessibility, and vegetation health. People in urban neighbourhoods that are characterised by lower income and older age populations are disproportionately healthy if their neighbourhoods contain accessible, good quality public green-space. This has implications for strategies to decrease health inequalities and inform international initiatives, such as the…
The opportunity to have their say’? Identifying mechanisms of community engagement in local alcohol decision-making
While influencing statutory licensing decision-making is challenging, community experiences of alcohol-related harms can be valuable 'evidence' to support new licensing policies. Informal relationship-building between communities and local government is also beneficial for sharing information about alcohol-related harms and to facilitate future engagement. However, care must be taken to balance the different interests among diverse community acto…
Identifying opportunities for engaging the ‘community’ in local alcohol decision-making: A literature review and synthesis
Communities in charge of alcohol (Cica): A protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champions programme
ISRCTN 81942890 , date of registration 12/09/2017
Evaluation of work-based screening for early signs of alcohol-related liver disease in hazardous and harmful drinkers: The PrevAIL study
The workplace is an important setting for addressing alcohol harm, but there are barriers to voluntary screening that need to be addressed. Early detection and support of cases in the community could avert deaths and save health and social costs. Alcohol and obesity should be addressed simultaneously, because of their known multiplicative effect on liver disease risk, and because employers preferred a general health intervention to one that focus…
Parental knowledge of alcohol consumption: A cross sectional survey of 11–17 year old schoolchildren and their parents
Whilst only small numbers of young adolescents in our sample were drinking alcohol compared with older adolescents, those who did were more likely to do so without their parents' knowledge. These two factors combined (drinking earlier and drinking without parental knowledge) could place children at risk of immediate harm. Further research is essential to identify whether public health strategies should be developed which could support parents to …
Access to HIV community services by vulnerable populations: Evidence from an enhanced HIV/Aids surveillance system
HIV disproportionately affects vulnerable populations such as black and minority ethnic groups, men who have sex with men (MSM) and migrants, in many countries including those in the UK. Community organisations in the UK are charitable non-governmental organisations with a proportion of the workforce who volunteer, and provide invaluable additional support for people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Information on their contribution to HIV care in vulne…
The Big Drink Debate: Perceptions of the impact of price on alcohol consumption from a large scale cross-sectional convenience survey in north west England
Lower pricing increases alcohol consumption, and the alcohol industry's continued focus on discounting sales encourages higher drinking levels. International evidence suggests increasing the price of alcohol reduces consumption, and one in five of the surveyed population agreed; more work is required to increase this agreement to achieve public support for policy change. Such policy should also recognise that alcohol is an addictive drug, and the…
Area effects on health inequalities: The impact of neighbouring deprivation on mortality
A cross-sectional survey of compliance with national guidance for alcohol consumption by children: Measuring risk factors, protective factors and social norms for excessive and unsupervised drinking
Successful implementation of guidance on alcohol consumption for children could result in substantial reductions in existing levels of alcohol related harms to young people. However, prolonged social marketing, educational and parental interventions will be required to challenge established social norms in heavy and unsupervised child drinking across all social strata. Policy measures to establish a minimum price for alcohol and provide children …
A review of the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 on levels of violence in England and Wales: A public health perspective
Comparative views of the public, sex workers, businesses and residents on establishing managed zones for prostitution: Analysis of a consultation in Liverpool
Area effects on health inequalities: The impact of neighbouring deprivation on mortality
Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one outcome from prenatal alcohol exposure. Social workers are likely to encounter children with the condition, due to the greater likelihood of prenatal alcohol exposure among children in social services settings. This study explores the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected of having FASD and the support offered to social workers, the children and their families. Semi-structur…
Barriers and facilitators to extended working life: A focus on a predominately female ageing workforce
Many countries are reforming their pension systems so people stay in work for longer to improve the long-term sustainability of public finances to support an increasing older population. This research aimed to explore the factors that enable or inhibit people to extend working life (EWL) in a large United Kingdom-based retail organisation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample (N = 30): 15 employees aged ⩾60 and 15 s…
An asset-based community development approach to reducing alcohol harm: Exploring barriers and facilitators to community mobilisation at initial implementation stage
Globally there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm. This paper reports on the initial implementation phase of an asset-based community development (ABCD) approach to reducing alcohol harm in ten pre-identified areas across Greater Manchester (UK). This qualitative study highlights the experiences of stakeholders responsible for, or engaged in, implementation. Findings show that it is challenging to recruit sufficient…
Re-emerging syphilis: A detrended correspondence analysis of the behaviour of HIV positive and negative gay men
Using a statistical technique that is novel for this type of investigation, we demonstrate behavioural overlaps between syphilis-infected individuals in an ongoing UK outbreak and uninfected HIV positive and negative controls. Given the high-risk behaviour of a significant proportion of uninfected individuals, ongoing transmission of syphilis and HIV in this population seems likely
Comparative views of the public, sex workers, businesses and residents on establishing managed zones for prostitution: Analysis of a consultation in Liverpool
Treatment and care of HIV positive asylum seekers: Table 1
Background: Enhanced regional surveillance in north west England suggests that the proportion of HIV positive people who are asylum seekers (AS) is increasing. Nationally, there is no empirical evidence that HIV positive AS use HIV services to a greater or lesser extent than HIV positive non-AS. This report compares stage of disease and use of services between HIV positive non-AS and AS. Methods: Data on those accessing HIV treatment and care (fr…
A review of the impact of the Licensing Act 2003 on levels of violence in England and Wales: A public health perspective
Influence of socio-demographic factors on distances travelled to access HIV services: Enhanced surveillance of HIV patients in north west England
Distance travelled, and type of HIV services used, were associated with socioeconomic status, even after accounting for ethnicity, route of infection and age. Thus despite offering an 'equitable' service, travel costs may advantage those with higher income
Teenage drinking, alcohol availability and pricing: A cross-sectional study of risk and protective factors for alcohol-related harms in school children
There is no safe level of alcohol consumption for 15-16 year olds. However, while abstinence removes risk of harms from personal alcohol consumption, its promotion may also push children into accessing drink outside family environments and contribute to higher risks of harm. Strategies to reduce alcohol-related harms in children should ensure bingeing is avoided entirely, address the excessively low cost of many alcohol products, and tackle the e…
A cross-sectional survey of compliance with national guidance for alcohol consumption by children: Measuring risk factors, protective factors and social norms for excessive and unsupervised drinking
Successful implementation of guidance on alcohol consumption for children could result in substantial reductions in existing levels of alcohol related harms to young people. However, prolonged social marketing, educational and parental interventions will be required to challenge established social norms in heavy and unsupervised child drinking across all social strata. Policy measures to establish a minimum price for alcohol and provide children …
Access to HIV community services by vulnerable populations: Evidence from an enhanced HIV/Aids surveillance system
HIV disproportionately affects vulnerable populations such as black and minority ethnic groups, men who have sex with men (MSM) and migrants, in many countries including those in the UK. Community organisations in the UK are charitable non-governmental organisations with a proportion of the workforce who volunteer, and provide invaluable additional support for people living with HIV (PLWHIV). Information on their contribution to HIV care in vulne…
The Big Drink Debate: Perceptions of the impact of price on alcohol consumption from a large scale cross-sectional convenience survey in north west England
Lower pricing increases alcohol consumption, and the alcohol industry's continued focus on discounting sales encourages higher drinking levels. International evidence suggests increasing the price of alcohol reduces consumption, and one in five of the surveyed population agreed; more work is required to increase this agreement to achieve public support for policy change. Such policy should also recognise that alcohol is an addictive drug, and the…
Area effects on health inequalities: The impact of neighbouring deprivation on mortality
Parental knowledge of alcohol consumption: A cross sectional survey of 11–17 year old schoolchildren and their parents
Whilst only small numbers of young adolescents in our sample were drinking alcohol compared with older adolescents, those who did were more likely to do so without their parents' knowledge. These two factors combined (drinking earlier and drinking without parental knowledge) could place children at risk of immediate harm. Further research is essential to identify whether public health strategies should be developed which could support parents to …
Evaluation of work-based screening for early signs of alcohol-related liver disease in hazardous and harmful drinkers: The PrevAIL study
The workplace is an important setting for addressing alcohol harm, but there are barriers to voluntary screening that need to be addressed. Early detection and support of cases in the community could avert deaths and save health and social costs. Alcohol and obesity should be addressed simultaneously, because of their known multiplicative effect on liver disease risk, and because employers preferred a general health intervention to one that focus…
Communities in charge of alcohol (Cica): A protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised control trial of an alcohol health champions programme
ISRCTN 81942890 , date of registration 12/09/2017
Identifying opportunities for engaging the ‘community’ in local alcohol decision-making: A literature review and synthesis
Relationships between health outcomes in older populations and urban green infrastructure size, quality and proximity
The influence of urban GI on population health is mediated by green-space form, quantity, accessibility, and vegetation health. People in urban neighbourhoods that are characterised by lower income and older age populations are disproportionately healthy if their neighbourhoods contain accessible, good quality public green-space. This has implications for strategies to decrease health inequalities and inform international initiatives, such as the…
The opportunity to have their say’? Identifying mechanisms of community engagement in local alcohol decision-making
While influencing statutory licensing decision-making is challenging, community experiences of alcohol-related harms can be valuable 'evidence' to support new licensing policies. Informal relationship-building between communities and local government is also beneficial for sharing information about alcohol-related harms and to facilitate future engagement. However, care must be taken to balance the different interests among diverse community acto…
Pathways linking biodiversity to human health: A conceptual framework
Biodiversity is a cornerstone of human health and well-being. However, while evidence of the contributions of nature to human health is rapidly building, research into how biodiversity relates to human health remains limited in important respects. In particular, a better mechanistic understanding of the range of pathways through which biodiversity can influence human health is needed. These pathways relate to both psychological and social process…
Enabling Urban Social Farming: The need for radical green infrastructure in the city
With the global population set to reach 9.8 billion by 2050, there are concerns that health services are beginning to be stretched beyond working limits, particularly in the Global North, where many nations face ageing populations and similar obstacles. One suggested radical method to tackle these issues would be to provide access to Green Infrastructure (GI) interventions, including the development of social farms, particularly within urban area…
How can communities influence alcohol licensing at a local level? Licensing officers’ perspectives of the barriers and facilitators to sustaining engagement in a volunteer-led alcohol harm reduction a…
Despite the World Health Organization's assertion that communities need to become involved in reducing alcohol harm, evidence of community engagement in alcohol licensing decision-making in England remains limited. The evaluation of the Communities in Charge of Alcohol (CICA) programme offers policymakers, Licensing authorities and public health practitioners, evidence regarding a specific volunteer-led, place-based approach, designed to enable c…
An asset-based community development approach to reducing alcohol harm: Exploring barriers and facilitators to community mobilisation at initial implementation stage
Globally there is a need to engage communities in actions to reduce alcohol harm. This paper reports on the initial implementation phase of an asset-based community development (ABCD) approach to reducing alcohol harm in ten pre-identified areas across Greater Manchester (UK). This qualitative study highlights the experiences of stakeholders responsible for, or engaged in, implementation. Findings show that it is challenging to recruit sufficient…
Exploring the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected to have fetal alcohol spectrum disorders
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is one outcome from prenatal alcohol exposure. Social workers are likely to encounter children with the condition, due to the greater likelihood of prenatal alcohol exposure among children in social services settings. This study explores the experiences of social workers in working with children suspected of having FASD and the support offered to social workers, the children and their families. Semi-structur…
Barriers and facilitators to extended working life: A focus on a predominately female ageing workforce
Many countries are reforming their pension systems so people stay in work for longer to improve the long-term sustainability of public finances to support an increasing older population. This research aimed to explore the factors that enable or inhibit people to extend working life (EWL) in a large United Kingdom-based retail organisation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with a purposive sample (N = 30): 15 employees aged ⩾60 and 15 s…
Foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and Investigative interviewing: A systematic review highlighting clinical and legal implications and recommendations
Individuals with foetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are estimated to be 19 times more likely to encounter the criminal justice system (CJS) in comparison to individuals without FASD. During encounters with the CJS, investigative interviews are employed to obtain accurate information from suspects, victims or witnesses of crime. A systematic search using PRISMA guidelines was performed to identify empirical studies published that have explor…
Evaluation of a pharmacy supported e-cigarette smoking cessation intervention in Northwest England
E-cigarette distribution combined with pharmacy support appears to be an agreeable and effective intervention for smoking cessation, but further data are needed on long-term quit rates and health effects
A priori’ external contextual factors and relationships with process indicators: A mixed methods study of the pre-implementation phase of ‘Communities in Charge of Alcohol’
ISRCTN81942890, date of registration 12/09/2017
Medicine (24 works) · Public health (16 works) · Environmental health (15 works) · Nursing (10 works) · Political science (10 works) · Psychology (10 works) · Biostatistics (9 works) · Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes (9 works) · Business (8 works) · Social Psychology (8 works)