Tomasz Gralak
Biographic Data
| ID | 6050122 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Tomasz Gralak |
| GIVEN NAMES | Tomasz |
| FAMILY NAME | Gralak |
| SIGNATURE | GRALAK T |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wrocław |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8140-7245 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 11 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 11 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2015 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Filozofia w działaniu czyli przemiany gospodarczo-społeczne w Barbaricum w późnym okresie wpływów rzymskich i u progu wędrówek ludów
The economy of the European Barbaricum was a dynamic system – variable in time and differentiated in terms of territory. In Central Europe’s Early Roman Iron Age, a segmental society with an autarkic economy is visible. It is characterized by dispersed power, dispersed capital, and dispersed production. The primary means of production – arable land – were collectively owned. The factor that stimulated the changes was Roman influences. Another was…
Migration Period in Central Europe
The Migration Period (4 th –5 th centuries AD) in Central Europe was marked by profound demographic and cultural transformations. Nevertheless, bioarchaeological data from this period remain scarce across the region. Tyniec upon Ślęża constitutes the only newly excavated Migration Period cemetery in southern Poland, providing a rare opportunity to explore lifeways during this transformative epoch. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope …
Feniks z popiołów, czyli o sensach ciałopalenia w czasach pól popielnicowych
The development of cremation in Central Europe is related to a broader cultural change in these areas at the turn of the second and third periods of the Bronze Age. The circle of urnfield cultures in a general framework was created in areas where grave cultures had previously developed. The new culture also means an ideological change, which is indicated by the new way of treating the dead. The information and values carried by the cremation cere…
Działalność Hunów w Europie jako przykład zderzenia cywilizacji
The result of the military, political and economic activity of the Huns in Europe was the depopulation of vast areas, massive ethnic changes, and the destruction of many previous political organisms. The question arises as to why they were so successful. They had knowledge and skills that were alien to the European civilization of that time but perfectly known among the nomadic population of Central Asia and China. Therefore, their activity can b…
Panowie i niewolnicy – gospodarka okresu halsztackiego
During the Hallstatt period in Central Europe, profound cultural, economic, and social changes occurred. This is due to the emergence of new technologies ‒ primarily iron metallurgy. Another element is the vicinity of the dominant economic system, i.e., the broadly understood Mediterranean civi-lization, especially the Etruscan cities in Italy. These asymmetrical relationships forced social changes in the areas north of the Alps. An important fac…
Podstawy społeczne i ekonomiczne powstania fenomenu złotnictwa wielbarskiego
In the early first century AC, in the north of Poland (predominantly in Pomerania), the Wielbark culture developed with its group of specific features. Among them were numerous items of jewellery. It seems that their use was related to an extended social hierarchy and distant inter-regional trade contacts. The raw material used by the jewellers was most probably obtained from melted Roman coins. Amber exports were at the economic basis of obtaini…
Biada zwyciężonym – gospodarka i relacje społeczne w kulturze lateńskiej
The economy of any community depends on the values which are considered to be the most important. Social organization and technologies are subordinated to their implementation. In traditional societies, including people of the La Tène culture, the most significant issues concerned the status of individuals and the resulting interpersonal relations. The position in rank was manifested and gained through participation in military expeditions. The e…
Gdzie Pieniądz, Tam Władza – Czyli O Teoretycznych Możliwościach Rozpoznania Lokalizacji Gaju Lugijskiego
In this article, an assumption has been made that in power centres, settlement concentration was accompanied by accumulation of goods, capital and weapons. Within the Przeworsk culture, the area in question encompassed the basins of the Prosna and the Warta. It remains uncertain if the area can be associated with the so-called Lugii Grove, a centre of political and religious power described by Tacitus
Znaleziska z miejscowości Górzec w pow. strzelińskim w kontekście przemian kulturowych okresu wędrówek ludów
In the eighteenth and nineteenth century in the vicinity of the village of Górzec was found a set of artefacts probably representing scattered treasure from the beginning of the Migration Period. Such deposits are an expression of the rapid changes in the circulation of capital and the perception of value in this period. The influx of large quantities of gold and changes in silver’s value resulted in rapid changes in the status of various groups …
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
Cynophagia in the Púchov (Celtic) Culture Settlement at Liptovská Mara, Northern Slovakia
This paper deals with the remains of butchered dogs from the La Tène and Early Roman sites in northern Slovakia. A large settlement revealed at Liptovská Mara was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of Cotini, representing the so-called Púchov culture. The long-term excavation of the site has yielded one of the largest collections from that time in Slovakia. During archaeozoological analysis, the skeletal remains of dogs were identified. Interestingly,…
Cynophagia in the Púchov (Celtic) Culture Settlement at Liptovská Mara, Northern Slovakia
This paper deals with the remains of butchered dogs from the La Tène and Early Roman sites in northern Slovakia. A large settlement revealed at Liptovská Mara was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of Cotini, representing the so-called Púchov culture. The long-term excavation of the site has yielded one of the largest collections from that time in Slovakia. During archaeozoological analysis, the skeletal remains of dogs were identified. Interestingly,…
Population genomics of Bronze Age Eurasia
The Bronze Age of Eurasia (around 3000–1000 BC) was a period of major cultural changes. However, there is debate about whether these changes resulted from the circulation of ideas or from human migrations, potentially also facilitating the spread of languages and certain phenotypic traits. We investigated this by using new, improved methods to sequence low-coverage genomes from 101 ancient humans from across Eurasia. We show that the Bronze Age w…
Cynophagia in the Púchov (Celtic) Culture Settlement at Liptovská Mara, Northern Slovakia
This paper deals with the remains of butchered dogs from the La Tène and Early Roman sites in northern Slovakia. A large settlement revealed at Liptovská Mara was inhabited by the Celtic tribe of Cotini, representing the so-called Púchov culture. The long-term excavation of the site has yielded one of the largest collections from that time in Slovakia. During archaeozoological analysis, the skeletal remains of dogs were identified. Interestingly,…
Znaleziska z miejscowości Górzec w pow. strzelińskim w kontekście przemian kulturowych okresu wędrówek ludów
In the eighteenth and nineteenth century in the vicinity of the village of Górzec was found a set of artefacts probably representing scattered treasure from the beginning of the Migration Period. Such deposits are an expression of the rapid changes in the circulation of capital and the perception of value in this period. The influx of large quantities of gold and changes in silver’s value resulted in rapid changes in the status of various groups …
Biada zwyciężonym – gospodarka i relacje społeczne w kulturze lateńskiej
The economy of any community depends on the values which are considered to be the most important. Social organization and technologies are subordinated to their implementation. In traditional societies, including people of the La Tène culture, the most significant issues concerned the status of individuals and the resulting interpersonal relations. The position in rank was manifested and gained through participation in military expeditions. The e…
Gdzie Pieniądz, Tam Władza – Czyli O Teoretycznych Możliwościach Rozpoznania Lokalizacji Gaju Lugijskiego
In this article, an assumption has been made that in power centres, settlement concentration was accompanied by accumulation of goods, capital and weapons. Within the Przeworsk culture, the area in question encompassed the basins of the Prosna and the Warta. It remains uncertain if the area can be associated with the so-called Lugii Grove, a centre of political and religious power described by Tacitus
Panowie i niewolnicy – gospodarka okresu halsztackiego
During the Hallstatt period in Central Europe, profound cultural, economic, and social changes occurred. This is due to the emergence of new technologies ‒ primarily iron metallurgy. Another element is the vicinity of the dominant economic system, i.e., the broadly understood Mediterranean civi-lization, especially the Etruscan cities in Italy. These asymmetrical relationships forced social changes in the areas north of the Alps. An important fac…
Podstawy społeczne i ekonomiczne powstania fenomenu złotnictwa wielbarskiego
In the early first century AC, in the north of Poland (predominantly in Pomerania), the Wielbark culture developed with its group of specific features. Among them were numerous items of jewellery. It seems that their use was related to an extended social hierarchy and distant inter-regional trade contacts. The raw material used by the jewellers was most probably obtained from melted Roman coins. Amber exports were at the economic basis of obtaini…
Działalność Hunów w Europie jako przykład zderzenia cywilizacji
The result of the military, political and economic activity of the Huns in Europe was the depopulation of vast areas, massive ethnic changes, and the destruction of many previous political organisms. The question arises as to why they were so successful. They had knowledge and skills that were alien to the European civilization of that time but perfectly known among the nomadic population of Central Asia and China. Therefore, their activity can b…
Feniks z popiołów, czyli o sensach ciałopalenia w czasach pól popielnicowych
The development of cremation in Central Europe is related to a broader cultural change in these areas at the turn of the second and third periods of the Bronze Age. The circle of urnfield cultures in a general framework was created in areas where grave cultures had previously developed. The new culture also means an ideological change, which is indicated by the new way of treating the dead. The information and values carried by the cremation cere…
Filozofia w działaniu czyli przemiany gospodarczo-społeczne w Barbaricum w późnym okresie wpływów rzymskich i u progu wędrówek ludów
The economy of the European Barbaricum was a dynamic system – variable in time and differentiated in terms of territory. In Central Europe’s Early Roman Iron Age, a segmental society with an autarkic economy is visible. It is characterized by dispersed power, dispersed capital, and dispersed production. The primary means of production – arable land – were collectively owned. The factor that stimulated the changes was Roman influences. Another was…
Migration Period in Central Europe
The Migration Period (4 th –5 th centuries AD) in Central Europe was marked by profound demographic and cultural transformations. Nevertheless, bioarchaeological data from this period remain scarce across the region. Tyniec upon Ślęża constitutes the only newly excavated Migration Period cemetery in southern Poland, providing a rare opportunity to explore lifeways during this transformative epoch. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope …
Ancient and Medieval Archaeology Studies (5 works) · Geography (5 works) · Sociology (5 works) · Archaeology (4 works) · Historical and Archaeological Studies (4 works) · History (4 works) · Political science (4 works) · Ancient history (3 works) · Demography (3 works) · Economics (3 works)