Charles R Marmar
Biographic Data
| ID | 6066688 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Charles R Marmar |
| GIVEN NAMES | Charles R |
| FAMILY NAME | Marmar |
| SIGNATURE | MARMAR C R |
| AFFILIATIONS | New York University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8427-5607 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 22 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 62 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 22 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Mental health disorders and utilization of mental healthcare services in United Nations personnel
UN personnel appear to be at high risk for trauma exposure and screening positive for a mental health disorder, yet a small percentage screening positive for mental health disorders sought treatment. Despite the mental health gaps observed in this study, additional research is needed, as these data reflect a large sample of convenience and it cannot be determined if the findings are representative of the UN
Psychotherapy for Military-Related PTSD
IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder common among military personnel and veterans. First-line psychotherapies most often recommended for PTSD consist mainly of "trauma-focused" psychotherapies that involve focusing on details of the trauma or associated cognitive and emotional effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of psychotherapies for PTSD in military and veteran populations. EVIDENCE R…
Early physical victimization is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Mississippi police and firefighter first responders to Hurricane Katrina
The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between early physical victimization and long-term mental health outcomes in a sample of first responder police and firefighter personnel involved in the relief efforts after Hurricane Katrina. Participants included 441 Biloxi and Gulfport Police and Firefighters. One fifth of participants reported having experienced physical victimization before age 18. After controlling for age, rela…
Positive and negative emotion prospectively predict trajectories of resilience and distress among high-exposure police officers
Responses to both potentially traumatic events and other significant life stressors have been shown to conform to discrete patterns of response such as resilience, anticipatory stress, initial distress with gradual recovery, and chronic distress. The etiology of these trajectories is still unclear. Individual differences in levels of negative and positive emotion are believed to play a role in determining risk and resilience following traumatic e…
Rescuers at risk
The impact of perceived self-efficacy on mental time travel and social problem solving
A pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for Sudanese refugees in Cairo, Egypt
Approximately one third of a population exposed to mass violence develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and approximately half develops depression, yet little is known about how to effectively treat these populations. This study’s objective was to examine the impact of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) on Sudanese refugees living in Cairo, Egypt, who had symptoms of PTSD. A randomized controlled trial (April–August 2008) with 22 Sudanese r…
Feelings of betrayal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and emotionally distressed Sudanese refugees in Cairo
Thousands of Sudanese refugees have fled to Cairo, Egypt in the wake of Sudanese civil conflicts. Sudanese refugees were evaluated with respect to symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social stress. Four respondents (22%) indicated that their interactions with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Cairo, Egypt were the worst experiences since war-related atrocities. Fourteen participants (63.6%)…
The impact of killing on mental health symptoms in Gulf War veterans
This study examined the impact of killing on posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS), depression,and alcohol use among 317 U.S. Gulf War veterans. Participants were obtained via a national registry ofGulf War veterans and were mailed a survey assessing deployment experiences and postdeploymentmental health. Overall, 11% of veterans reported killing during their deployment. Those who reportedkilling were more likely to be younger and male than …
Gender Differences in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Enrolled in Veterans Affairs Health Care
Objectives. We examined gender differences in sociodemographic, military service, and mental health characteristics among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. We evaluated associations between these sociodemographic and service characteristics and depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Methods. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we used univariate descriptive statistics and l…
Trends and Risk Factors for Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Using Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care, 2002–2008
Objectives. We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Methods. We determined the prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses among 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans entering Veterans Affairs (VA) health care from 2002 to 2008 using national VA data. Results. Of 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, 106 726 (36.9%) received mental health diagnoses; 6…
Getting Beyond “Don’t Ask; Don’t Tell”
Objectives. We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms. Methods. Veterans Administration clinicians were encouraged to refer Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or high-risk alcohol use to a VA mental health clinic. Multivariate methods were used to determine predictors of screening, the proportio…
Seal Et Al. Respond
We appreciate Rona’s concerns about population-based mental health screening of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans presenting to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facilities. The study population included veterans presenting to all outpatient clinics at 1 VA facility, not just primary care. Mental health screening may not have been a clinical priority during medical subspecialty visits, which may partially explain lower screening rates. Rece…
Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Police and Other First Responders
We provide an overview of previous research conducted by our group on risk and resilience factors for PTSD symptoms in police and other first responders. Based on our work, the findings of other investigators on individual differences in risk for PTSD, and drawing on preclinical studies fear conditioning and extinction, we propose a conceptual model for the development of PTSD symptoms emphasizing the role of vulnerability and resilience to perit…
Why Are Hispanics at Greater Risk for PTSD
Several studies have found that Hispanic Americans have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than non-Hispanic Caucasian and Black Americans. The authors identified predictors of PTSD symptom severity that distinguished Hispanic police officers (n=189) from their non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=317) and Black (n=162) counterparts and modeled them to explain the elevated Hispanic risk for PTSD. The authors found that greater peritraumati…
Stress Response Syndromes in Women Undergoing Mammography
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, severity, and correlates of acute stress responses in women undergoing diagnostic mammographic surveillance and to explore the moderating impact of physician support on these symptoms. METHODS: Sixty-six female breast cancer outpatients (at least 12 months after diagnosis and primary treatment) and 69 healthy women undergoing mammographic surveillance completed measures of: acute s…
The Mediating Effects of Sleep in the Relationship Between Traumatic Stress and Health Symptoms in Urban Police Officers
OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress symptoms have been associated with increased health problems across numerous studies. Sleep disruption, one of the principal symptoms resulting from traumatic stress, has also been shown to produce health problems. This study explored the hypothesis that the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and health is mediated by sleep problems. METHOD: A sample of 741 police officers were administered measures…
Critical Incident Exposure and Sleep Quality in Police Officers
OBJECTIVE: Police officers face many stressors that may negatively impact sleep quality. This study compares subjective sleep quality in police officers with that in control subjects not involved in police or emergency services. We examined the effects of critical incident exposure (trauma exposure) and routine (nontraumatic) work environment stressors on sleep quality after controlling for the effects of work shift schedule. METHODS: Subjective …
The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory
OBJECTIVE: Meeting criterion A2 for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-IV requires that an individual have high levels of distress during or after the traumatic event. Because of the paucity of valid and reliable instruments for assessing such responses, the authors developed a 13-item self-report measure, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, to obtain a quantitative measure of the level of distress experienced during a…
Asthenia—Does It Exist in Space
OBJECTIVE: First popularized as neurasthenia in the late 1800s by American George Beard, asthenia has been viewed by Russian psychologists and flight surgeons as a major problem that affects cosmonauts participating in long-duration space missions. However, there is some controversy about whether this syndrome exists in space; this controversy is attributable in part to the fact that it is not recognized in the current American psychiatric diagno…
Psychological and Physical Distress of Sheltered Battered Women
Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
Trends and Risk Factors for Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Using Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care, 2002–2008
Objectives. We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Methods. We determined the prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses among 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans entering Veterans Affairs (VA) health care from 2002 to 2008 using national VA data. Results. Of 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, 106 726 (36.9%) received mental health diagnoses; 6…
Why Are Hispanics at Greater Risk for PTSD
Several studies have found that Hispanic Americans have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than non-Hispanic Caucasian and Black Americans. The authors identified predictors of PTSD symptom severity that distinguished Hispanic police officers (n=189) from their non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=317) and Black (n=162) counterparts and modeled them to explain the elevated Hispanic risk for PTSD. The authors found that greater peritraumati…
Gender Differences in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Enrolled in Veterans Affairs Health Care
Objectives. We examined gender differences in sociodemographic, military service, and mental health characteristics among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. We evaluated associations between these sociodemographic and service characteristics and depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Methods. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we used univariate descriptive statistics and l…
Getting Beyond “Don’t Ask; Don’t Tell”
Objectives. We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms. Methods. Veterans Administration clinicians were encouraged to refer Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or high-risk alcohol use to a VA mental health clinic. Multivariate methods were used to determine predictors of screening, the proportio…
Problems in families of male Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.
The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory
OBJECTIVE: Meeting criterion A2 for the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-IV requires that an individual have high levels of distress during or after the traumatic event. Because of the paucity of valid and reliable instruments for assessing such responses, the authors developed a 13-item self-report measure, the Peritraumatic Distress Inventory, to obtain a quantitative measure of the level of distress experienced during a…
Asthenia—Does It Exist in Space
OBJECTIVE: First popularized as neurasthenia in the late 1800s by American George Beard, asthenia has been viewed by Russian psychologists and flight surgeons as a major problem that affects cosmonauts participating in long-duration space missions. However, there is some controversy about whether this syndrome exists in space; this controversy is attributable in part to the fact that it is not recognized in the current American psychiatric diagno…
Psychological and Physical Distress of Sheltered Battered Women
Critical Incident Exposure and Sleep Quality in Police Officers
OBJECTIVE: Police officers face many stressors that may negatively impact sleep quality. This study compares subjective sleep quality in police officers with that in control subjects not involved in police or emergency services. We examined the effects of critical incident exposure (trauma exposure) and routine (nontraumatic) work environment stressors on sleep quality after controlling for the effects of work shift schedule. METHODS: Subjective …
The Mediating Effects of Sleep in the Relationship Between Traumatic Stress and Health Symptoms in Urban Police Officers
OBJECTIVE: Posttraumatic stress symptoms have been associated with increased health problems across numerous studies. Sleep disruption, one of the principal symptoms resulting from traumatic stress, has also been shown to produce health problems. This study explored the hypothesis that the relationship between posttraumatic stress symptoms and health is mediated by sleep problems. METHOD: A sample of 741 police officers were administered measures…
Stress Response Syndromes in Women Undergoing Mammography
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence, severity, and correlates of acute stress responses in women undergoing diagnostic mammographic surveillance and to explore the moderating impact of physician support on these symptoms. METHODS: Sixty-six female breast cancer outpatients (at least 12 months after diagnosis and primary treatment) and 69 healthy women undergoing mammographic surveillance completed measures of: acute s…
Why Are Hispanics at Greater Risk for PTSD
Several studies have found that Hispanic Americans have higher rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) than non-Hispanic Caucasian and Black Americans. The authors identified predictors of PTSD symptom severity that distinguished Hispanic police officers (n=189) from their non-Hispanic Caucasian (n=317) and Black (n=162) counterparts and modeled them to explain the elevated Hispanic risk for PTSD. The authors found that greater peritraumati…
Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress in Police and Other First Responders
We provide an overview of previous research conducted by our group on risk and resilience factors for PTSD symptoms in police and other first responders. Based on our work, the findings of other investigators on individual differences in risk for PTSD, and drawing on preclinical studies fear conditioning and extinction, we propose a conceptual model for the development of PTSD symptoms emphasizing the role of vulnerability and resilience to perit…
Getting Beyond “Don’t Ask; Don’t Tell”
Objectives. We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms. Methods. Veterans Administration clinicians were encouraged to refer Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or high-risk alcohol use to a VA mental health clinic. Multivariate methods were used to determine predictors of screening, the proportio…
Seal Et Al. Respond
We appreciate Rona’s concerns about population-based mental health screening of Iraq and Afghanistan veterans presenting to Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical facilities. The study population included veterans presenting to all outpatient clinics at 1 VA facility, not just primary care. Mental health screening may not have been a clinical priority during medical subspecialty visits, which may partially explain lower screening rates. Rece…
Trends and Risk Factors for Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Using Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care, 2002–2008
Objectives. We sought to investigate longitudinal trends and risk factors for mental health diagnoses among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans. Methods. We determined the prevalence and predictors of mental health diagnoses among 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans entering Veterans Affairs (VA) health care from 2002 to 2008 using national VA data. Results. Of 289 328 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, 106 726 (36.9%) received mental health diagnoses; 6…
Feelings of betrayal by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and emotionally distressed Sudanese refugees in Cairo
Thousands of Sudanese refugees have fled to Cairo, Egypt in the wake of Sudanese civil conflicts. Sudanese refugees were evaluated with respect to symptoms of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social stress. Four respondents (22%) indicated that their interactions with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) in Cairo, Egypt were the worst experiences since war-related atrocities. Fourteen participants (63.6%)…
The impact of killing on mental health symptoms in Gulf War veterans
This study examined the impact of killing on posttraumatic stress symptomatology (PTSS), depression,and alcohol use among 317 U.S. Gulf War veterans. Participants were obtained via a national registry ofGulf War veterans and were mailed a survey assessing deployment experiences and postdeploymentmental health. Overall, 11% of veterans reported killing during their deployment. Those who reportedkilling were more likely to be younger and male than …
Gender Differences in Mental Health Diagnoses Among Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans Enrolled in Veterans Affairs Health Care
Objectives. We examined gender differences in sociodemographic, military service, and mental health characteristics among Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) veterans. We evaluated associations between these sociodemographic and service characteristics and depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnoses. Methods. In a retrospective, cross-sectional study, we used univariate descriptive statistics and l…
A pilot randomized controlled trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for Sudanese refugees in Cairo, Egypt
Approximately one third of a population exposed to mass violence develops posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and approximately half develops depression, yet little is known about how to effectively treat these populations. This study’s objective was to examine the impact of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) on Sudanese refugees living in Cairo, Egypt, who had symptoms of PTSD. A randomized controlled trial (April–August 2008) with 22 Sudanese r…
Rescuers at risk
The impact of perceived self-efficacy on mental time travel and social problem solving
Early physical victimization is a risk factor for posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among Mississippi police and firefighter first responders to Hurricane Katrina
The goal of the current study was to examine the relationship between early physical victimization and long-term mental health outcomes in a sample of first responder police and firefighter personnel involved in the relief efforts after Hurricane Katrina. Participants included 441 Biloxi and Gulfport Police and Firefighters. One fifth of participants reported having experienced physical victimization before age 18. After controlling for age, rela…
Positive and negative emotion prospectively predict trajectories of resilience and distress among high-exposure police officers
Responses to both potentially traumatic events and other significant life stressors have been shown to conform to discrete patterns of response such as resilience, anticipatory stress, initial distress with gradual recovery, and chronic distress. The etiology of these trajectories is still unclear. Individual differences in levels of negative and positive emotion are believed to play a role in determining risk and resilience following traumatic e…
Psychotherapy for Military-Related PTSD
IMPORTANCE: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disabling psychiatric disorder common among military personnel and veterans. First-line psychotherapies most often recommended for PTSD consist mainly of "trauma-focused" psychotherapies that involve focusing on details of the trauma or associated cognitive and emotional effects. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effectiveness of psychotherapies for PTSD in military and veteran populations. EVIDENCE R…
Mental health disorders and utilization of mental healthcare services in United Nations personnel
UN personnel appear to be at high risk for trauma exposure and screening positive for a mental health disorder, yet a small percentage screening positive for mental health disorders sought treatment. Despite the mental health gaps observed in this study, additional research is needed, as these data reflect a large sample of convenience and it cannot be determined if the findings are representative of the UN
Psychiatry (18 works) · Medicine (15 works) · Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research (14 works) · Psychology (14 works) · Clinical Psychology (12 works) · Mental health (10 works) · Migration, Health and Trauma (7 works) · Resilience and Mental Health (6 works) · Clinical Psychology (5 works) · Distress (5 works)