Joseph C Salmons
Biographic Data
| ID | 610687 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Joseph C Salmons |
| GIVEN NAMES | Joseph C |
| FAMILY NAME | Salmons |
| SIGNATURE | SALMONS J C |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Wisconsin–Madison |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 28 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 28 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 26 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 2 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1992 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2019 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft / Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science (HSK)
Language Contact. An International Handbook offers a comprehensive overview of current topics in research on language contact. Broadly conceived, it stands out for its international approach to language contact, complementing the theoretical state-of-the-art with examples from traditionally eclipsed areas and languages. Next to a thorough introductory overview of the ground-breaking methodological and theoretical approaches that shaped the discip…
Language Contact. Volume 1
Joe’s jotting
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Paradigm Resolution in the Life Cycle of Norse Umlaut
This paper follows on recent work (Iverson & Salmons 2004, 2007; Kiparsky 2005, 2006) seeking to resolve Kock's 1888 paradox intro-duced in his celebrated “period theory” of Old Norse i -umlaut. The basic finding is this: In paradigms where a phonological innovation has been rendered opaque by the operation of other sound changes, restructuring of the base form incorporates rather than derives the results of the innovation as it dies out; but if …
Language diversity in Michigan and Ohio: Towards two state linguistic profiles (review)
Historical Phonology and Evolutionary Phonology
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Historical Linguistics 2005: Selected papers from the 17th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Madison, Wisconsin, 31 July - 5 August 2005
This volume contains 22 revised papers originally presented at the 17th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, held August 2005 in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. The papers cover a broad range of languages, including well-studied languages of Europe but also Aramaic, Zoque and Uto-Aztecan, Japanese and Korean, Afrikaans, and the Pilbara languages of Australia. The theoretical approaches taken are equally diverse, often bringing together as…
Domains and directionality in the evolution of German final fortition
Laryngeal realism (Honeybone 2005) holds that thoroughly voiced stops in a language like Dutch will be represented phonologically with the feature [voice], leaving the voiceless unaspirated stops laryngeally neutral, whereas the typically aspirated stops of a language like German are marked with the feature [spread glottis], rendering the passively voiced stops in this language neutral. These two languages also merge laryngeal oppositions in fina…
Fundamental Regularities in the Second Consonant Shift
Recent studies, by us and others, have argued that the Second Consonant Shift began medially after stressed short vowels, triggered by a segmental interpretation of aspiration in interaction with Germanic syllable weight requirements. The most striking empirical support came from the dialect of Wermelskirchen, where shift of fortis stops is attested only following short vowels. But is Wermelskirchen an isolated dialect or part of a general patter…
On the typology of final laryngeal neutralization: Evolutionary Phonology and laryngeal realism
1. Introduction This commentary outlines a typology of final laryngeal neutralization under the assumptions of ‘laryngeal realism’, an approach to feature representation which distinguishes structurally the two-way contrasts of ‘voice’ languages (Dutch, Polish, Spanish) from those of ‘aspiration’ languages (German, Somali, Washo). The typology in turn opens the door to a fresh test for what has emerged as a central debate about Evolutionary Phono…
The Conundrum of Old Norse Umlaut: Sound Change versus Crisis Analogy
This paper pursues an “ingenerate” or phonetically based account of i-umlaut as it unfolded in North Germanic. We focus on a famous problem relating to umlaut distributions in i-stem nouns: In the long stems of that class (gestr ‘guest’, from earlier *gastiz), where umlaut is arguably less motivated phonetically, it is generally reflected throughout the paradigms, but in short stems (staðr ‘place’, from earlier *staðir), where it is more expected…
Legacy Specification in the Laryngeal Phonology of Dutch
Dutch consonant cluster assimilations have come to play a central role in the debate over whether laryngeal features are restrictedly privative (single-valued) or must be encoded as binary (marking both positive and negative values). It has been argued, in particular, that the negative specification [–voice] is necessary in order to capture the difference in directionality of assimilation between stop-final and fricative-final clusters in Dutch a…
Laryngeal enhancement in early Germanic
This paper builds on growing evidence that aspirated or fortis obstruents in languages like English and German are laryngeally marked, but that phonetic voicing in the (unmarked) unaspirated or lenis series is contextually determined. Employing the laryngeal feature set proposed by Halle & Stevens (1971), as incorporated into the ‘dimensional theory’ of laryngeal representation (Avery & Idsardi 2001, forthcoming), we develop an explicit account o…
Joe’s Jottings
The evolution of a Bilingual Discourse Marking System: Modal particles and English markers in German-American dialects
Previous studies (Clyne, 1972, 1987; Salmons, 1990) have shown that German dialects in long-term contact with English have both borrowed key English discourse markers ( well, you know, and so on) and lost much of the native discourse- marking system of German (most notably the “modal particles”). For the study of language- contact change, discourse markers are particularly interesting, first as items in a sense on the boundary between ordinary le…
Zur historischen Phonetik und Phonologie des Umlauts im Deutschen
Seit mehr als 60 Jahren dominiert in der historisch-phonologischen Umlaut-Landschaft EIN Aufsatz, eine vierseitige Skizze des althochdeutschen Umlauts von W. Freeman Twaddell. Keller (1978: 160) nennt diese Theorie 'one of the finest achievements of American linguists'. Ähnliche Lobsprüche findet man mehrmals in der Literatur und der Artikel bleibt bis heute noch DER Eckpfeiler der Umlaut-Debatte (s. Krygier 1997, Schulte 1998). In den letzten pa…
Germanic Linguistics: Syntactic and Diachronic
Beard, Robert. Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology
Prosodic Templates in Sound Change
Prosodic Morphology and Phonology have extended the prosodic hierarchy to solve recalcitrant problems in a number of areas and, more recently, work on phonological acquisition has determined that a prosodic template is a basic organizing unit for the acquisition of features and generalizations across the lexicon. While synchronic phonological theory in general has long exploited such higher prosodic entities, little has been done along these line…
Mixtec Prenasalization as Hypervoicing
Aspiration and laryngeal representation in Germanic
The phonetic gesture of stop consonant aspiration, which is predictable in a Germanic language such as English, has been described traditionally as ranging from a ‘puff of air’ upon release of closure (Heffner 1950) to the segmental occurrence of a following voiceless glottal approximant /h/ (Trager & Smith 1951). Within the generative phonology paradigm, however, aspiration has been construed as a featural property rather than as an independent …
The Current Status of Research on German Dialects in North America
The Phonology of Glottalization in Mixtec
Umlaut and Plurality in Old High German: Some Problems with a Natural Morphology Account
This article examines the interplay between umlaut and plurality in Old High German as well as the modern language, a diachronic problem central to the theoretical literature on 'Natural Morphology' (NM). The NM analysis of these relations is revised on a variety of theoretical and emplrical counts. This examination results first in a reformulation of iconicity and markedness in the NM morphological typology, namely that umlaut+affix plurals are …
Blocking Environments in Old High German Umlaut
L'A. examine un des problemes irresolus de la phonologie historique des langues germaniques. Ce probleme est l'effet d'inhibition de l'umlaut exerce par certains groupes de consonnes en vieux-haut-allemand
The phonology of the Proto-Indo-European root structure constraints
The Structure of the Lexicon: Evidence from German Gender Assignment
Data from language acquisition, psycholinguistics, and diachronic studies have all shown that the lexicon has a clear internal structure, which includes relationships among lexical items based on phonetic and phonological characteristics, semantic features, morphology, and frequency of use. In the absence, however, of direct evidence from grammar, such lexical structure has even recently been deemed irrelevant to linguistic theory. In this paper,…
Gothic PL- ~ FL- Variation as Lexical Diffusion
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Umlaut and Plurality in Old High German: Some Problems with a Natural Morphology Account
This article examines the interplay between umlaut and plurality in Old High German as well as the modern language, a diachronic problem central to the theoretical literature on 'Natural Morphology' (NM). The NM analysis of these relations is revised on a variety of theoretical and emplrical counts. This examination results first in a reformulation of iconicity and markedness in the NM morphological typology, namely that umlaut+affix plurals are …
Blocking Environments in Old High German Umlaut
L'A. examine un des problemes irresolus de la phonologie historique des langues germaniques. Ce probleme est l'effet d'inhibition de l'umlaut exerce par certains groupes de consonnes en vieux-haut-allemand
Aspiration and laryngeal representation in Germanic
The phonetic gesture of stop consonant aspiration, which is predictable in a Germanic language such as English, has been described traditionally as ranging from a ‘puff of air’ upon release of closure (Heffner 1950) to the segmental occurrence of a following voiceless glottal approximant /h/ (Trager & Smith 1951). Within the generative phonology paradigm, however, aspiration has been construed as a featural property rather than as an independent …
The Current Status of Research on German Dialects in North America
The Phonology of Glottalization in Mixtec
Mixtec Prenasalization as Hypervoicing
Beard, Robert. Lexeme-Morpheme Base Morphology
Prosodic Templates in Sound Change
Prosodic Morphology and Phonology have extended the prosodic hierarchy to solve recalcitrant problems in a number of areas and, more recently, work on phonological acquisition has determined that a prosodic template is a basic organizing unit for the acquisition of features and generalizations across the lexicon. While synchronic phonological theory in general has long exploited such higher prosodic entities, little has been done along these line…
Germanic Linguistics: Syntactic and Diachronic
The evolution of a Bilingual Discourse Marking System: Modal particles and English markers in German-American dialects
Previous studies (Clyne, 1972, 1987; Salmons, 1990) have shown that German dialects in long-term contact with English have both borrowed key English discourse markers ( well, you know, and so on) and lost much of the native discourse- marking system of German (most notably the “modal particles”). For the study of language- contact change, discourse markers are particularly interesting, first as items in a sense on the boundary between ordinary le…
Zur historischen Phonetik und Phonologie des Umlauts im Deutschen
Seit mehr als 60 Jahren dominiert in der historisch-phonologischen Umlaut-Landschaft EIN Aufsatz, eine vierseitige Skizze des althochdeutschen Umlauts von W. Freeman Twaddell. Keller (1978: 160) nennt diese Theorie 'one of the finest achievements of American linguists'. Ähnliche Lobsprüche findet man mehrmals in der Literatur und der Artikel bleibt bis heute noch DER Eckpfeiler der Umlaut-Debatte (s. Krygier 1997, Schulte 1998). In den letzten pa…
Joe’s Jottings
Legacy Specification in the Laryngeal Phonology of Dutch
Dutch consonant cluster assimilations have come to play a central role in the debate over whether laryngeal features are restrictedly privative (single-valued) or must be encoded as binary (marking both positive and negative values). It has been argued, in particular, that the negative specification [–voice] is necessary in order to capture the difference in directionality of assimilation between stop-final and fricative-final clusters in Dutch a…
Laryngeal enhancement in early Germanic
This paper builds on growing evidence that aspirated or fortis obstruents in languages like English and German are laryngeally marked, but that phonetic voicing in the (unmarked) unaspirated or lenis series is contextually determined. Employing the laryngeal feature set proposed by Halle & Stevens (1971), as incorporated into the ‘dimensional theory’ of laryngeal representation (Avery & Idsardi 2001, forthcoming), we develop an explicit account o…
The Conundrum of Old Norse Umlaut: Sound Change versus Crisis Analogy
This paper pursues an “ingenerate” or phonetically based account of i-umlaut as it unfolded in North Germanic. We focus on a famous problem relating to umlaut distributions in i-stem nouns: In the long stems of that class (gestr ‘guest’, from earlier *gastiz), where umlaut is arguably less motivated phonetically, it is generally reflected throughout the paradigms, but in short stems (staðr ‘place’, from earlier *staðir), where it is more expected…
Fundamental Regularities in the Second Consonant Shift
Recent studies, by us and others, have argued that the Second Consonant Shift began medially after stressed short vowels, triggered by a segmental interpretation of aspiration in interaction with Germanic syllable weight requirements. The most striking empirical support came from the dialect of Wermelskirchen, where shift of fortis stops is attested only following short vowels. But is Wermelskirchen an isolated dialect or part of a general patter…
On the typology of final laryngeal neutralization: Evolutionary Phonology and laryngeal realism
1. Introduction This commentary outlines a typology of final laryngeal neutralization under the assumptions of ‘laryngeal realism’, an approach to feature representation which distinguishes structurally the two-way contrasts of ‘voice’ languages (Dutch, Polish, Spanish) from those of ‘aspiration’ languages (German, Somali, Washo). The typology in turn opens the door to a fresh test for what has emerged as a central debate about Evolutionary Phono…
Historical Linguistics 2005: Selected papers from the 17th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Madison, Wisconsin, 31 July - 5 August 2005
This volume contains 22 revised papers originally presented at the 17th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, held August 2005 in Madison, Wisconsin, USA. The papers cover a broad range of languages, including well-studied languages of Europe but also Aramaic, Zoque and Uto-Aztecan, Japanese and Korean, Afrikaans, and the Pilbara languages of Australia. The theoretical approaches taken are equally diverse, often bringing together as…
Domains and directionality in the evolution of German final fortition
Laryngeal realism (Honeybone 2005) holds that thoroughly voiced stops in a language like Dutch will be represented phonologically with the feature [voice], leaving the voiceless unaspirated stops laryngeally neutral, whereas the typically aspirated stops of a language like German are marked with the feature [spread glottis], rendering the passively voiced stops in this language neutral. These two languages also merge laryngeal oppositions in fina…
Historical Phonology and Evolutionary Phonology
Preview this article: Historical Phonology and Evolutionary Phonology, Page 1 of 1 /docserver/preview/fulltext/dia.25.3.06smi-1.gif
Language diversity in Michigan and Ohio: Towards two state linguistic profiles (review)
Paradigm Resolution in the Life Cycle of Norse Umlaut
This paper follows on recent work (Iverson & Salmons 2004, 2007; Kiparsky 2005, 2006) seeking to resolve Kock's 1888 paradox intro-duced in his celebrated “period theory” of Old Norse i -umlaut. The basic finding is this: In paradigms where a phonological innovation has been rendered opaque by the operation of other sound changes, restructuring of the base form incorporates rather than derives the results of the innovation as it dies out; but if …
Philosophy (25 works) · Linguistics (24 works) · Linguistic Variation and Morphology (19 works) · History (14 works) · Phonetics and Phonology Research (14 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Linguistics and language evolution (11 works) · German (9 works) · Phonology (9 works) · Linguistic research and analysis (5 works)