S Chinn
Biographic Data
| ID | 6159726 |
|---|---|
| NAME | S Chinn |
| GIVEN NAMES | S |
| FAMILY NAME | Chinn |
| SIGNATURE | CHINN S |
| AFFILIATIONS | St Thomas' Hospital |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 69 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 36 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1977 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| H-INDEX | 5 |
Effect of the choice of food composition table on nutrient estimates
Objective: To determine the level of agreement between the American (Chilean) and British food composition tables in estimating intakes of macronutrients and antioxidants. Design, setting and subjects: Information based on a food-frequency questionnaire with emphasis on antioxidants was collected from 95 Chileans aged 24–28 years. Nutritional composition was analysed using the British table of food composition and the American table of food compo…
Re
Free school meals and children's social and nutritional status in Trinidad and Tobago
Objective: To evaluate the provision of free school meals in Trinidad and Tobago in relation to children's social and nutritional status. Design and methods: Cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample of 66 government schools, including children in the admissions classes (aged 4 to 7 years) and classes for ‘rising nines’ (aged 7–10 years). Data included questionnaire details of free school meals and children's social background,…
International definitions of overweight and obesity for children
The limitations of the international definitions, due to averaging data from different countries and the choice of reference age, need to be known. The UK cut-off points here presented are compatible with the current UK reference curves
Association between asthma and family size between 1977 and 1994
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Several recent reports show a negative association between asthma and family size or birth order, but this association was not detected in data collected between 10 and 30 years ago. This study compared the association between sibship size and asthma in three surveys using the same methodology in 1977, 1985/86, and 1993/94. DESIGN: Cross sectional comparison of the 1977, 1985/86, and 1993/94 surveys. SETTINGS: Study areas in Eng…
Factors related to total cholesterol and blood pressure in British 9 year olds
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess which factors are associated with total cholesterol concentration and blood pressure in 9 year olds, and to examine the extent to which a report of a heart attack in a close relative identifies children with a high total cholesterol value or high systolic blood pressure. DESIGN: This was a cross sectional study. SETTING: The analysis was based on 22 study areas from a representative English sample, 14 areas from a repre…
Cross sectional stature and weight reference curves for the UK, 1990.
The current reference curves of stature and weight for the UK were first published in 1966 and have been used ever since despite increasing concern that they may not adequately describe the growth of present day British children. Using current data from seven sources new reference curves have been estimated from birth to 20 years for children in 1990. The great majority of the data are nationally representative. The analysis used Cole's LMS metho…
Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the associations of social and biological factors with measures of obesity in children. DESIGN--The study had a cross sectional design. SETTING--The analyses were based on data from two national study of health and growth cross sectional surveys. The "representative sample" comprised 1990 data from 22 English areas and 1990-91 data from 14 Scottish areas; the "inner city sample" comprised 1991 data from 20 English area…
Physical fitness of 9 year olds in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the influence of social factors, passive smoking, and other parental health related factors, as well as anthropometric and other measurements on children's cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional study. SETTING--The analysis was based on 22 health areas in England. PARTICIPANTS--The subjects were 299 boys and 282 girls aged 8 to 9 years. Parents did not give positive consent for 15% of the eligibl…
A new method for calculation of height centiles for preadolescent children
A new method of calculation of cross-sectional attained height centiles is proposed. This exploits the variance-stabilizing transformation, which has the form log(a+b height) up to age 11 years. Residuals of transformed height about the expected value for age are antilogged to give a single Gaussian distribution from which centiles can be calculated. In contrast to previous methods the standard errors of the centiles can be estimated without impr…
Interregional variations in measures of health from the Health and Lifestyle Survey and their relation with indicators of health care need in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to assess the extent to which a range of routinely available need indicators which have been suggested for use in NHS spatial resource allocation formulas were associated geographically in England with the different dimensions of population health status collected in the 1985/86 Health and Lifestyle Survey (HLS). DESIGN--Regional health authorities were ranked according to each of the HLS health variables which varied…
Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine whether the mean body mass index of young adults in England and Scotland had increased during the years 1973 to 1988. DESIGN--The study was an analysis of reported heights and weights for parents of children participating in a mixed longitudinal study of children's growth. SETTING--20 study areas (16 in England and four in Scotland) were selected by stratified random sampling. SUBJECTS--Subjects were pare…
Father's unemployment and height of primary school children in Britain
In a nutritional surveillance system of 5-11-year-old children the association between father's employment status and his child's height, weight-for-height and their rates of change over 2 years were assessed. The study was carried out in three samples: quasi-representative English sample 1984-86; quasi-representative Scottish samples 1983/84-1985/86; and a sample of English inner city areas 1983-85. For the cross-sectional analysis the sample si…
Quantifying health aspects of passive smoking in British children aged 5-11 years
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to estimate the dose-response relations of height and respiratory symptoms to passive smoking in children aged 5-11 years. DESIGN--The study was an analysis of existing observational studies, comprising three samples: English representative; English inner city; Scottish representative. SETTING--Primary schools (children aged 5-11 years). PARTICIPANTS--The study population included 5002 English children from the repres…
The secular trend in height of primary school children in England and Scotland 1972–79 and 1979–86
The recent secular trend in height of primary school children was estimated using data from schools participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1972, 1979 and 1986. About 50% of the trends from 1972 to 1979 for English and Scottish boys and girls were accounted for by changes in family size, with some contribution from increases in parental height and from birthweight, but almost none from changes in social class distribution. Est…
The validity of reported parental height in inner city areas in England
The validity of self-reported height was assessed in a sample of Afro-Caribbean, Asian and Caucasian parents. Asian mothers overestimated their height (p less than 0.01) and Caucasian mothers overestimated that of their child's father. The standard deviations of the differences between reported and measured height, with the exception of Caucasian mothers, were large (between 4.33 cm and 11.18 cm). It is concluded that self-reported height from su…
Relation between all cause standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at regional and district level in England
The use of mortality data in the form of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to measure the need for health care resources in the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in England has been criticised for underestimating the wider effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions on need, particularly in inner city areas. To assess this criticism, we explored the relationships at NHS Regional and District levels in England between two indicat…
School meals, school milk and height of primary school children in England and Scotland in the eighties
In a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children in England and Scotland we assessed the possible effects on height gain of changes in school meals and school milk policies following the 1980 Education Act (No. 2). Mean height and height gain were estimated separately for English and Scottish samples from 1982 to 1984, and for a selective sample of inner city areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities from 1983 to 1985 in ch…
Passive smoking and respiratory conditions in primary school children
The effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms of children aged 5 to 11 years was investigated in over 4000 English children and nearly 800 Scottish children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1982. After adjusting for associations of respiratory symptoms with age, sex, and a number of potentially confounding variables, significant associations were found of wheeze, both occasional and persistent, day or night coug…
National Study of Health and Growth
Baseline results of weight-for-height and triceps skinfold for a sample of Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani children living in inner-city areas are given and compared with children in an existing surveillance study representative of the English population. The data collected in 1982 for the representative sample and in 1983 for the ethnic groups gave useful information on 13,073 children in the age-range 5-11 years. The Afro-Caribbean…
Secular trends in weight, weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness in primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland from 1972 to 1980
Measurements of height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness were obtained from English and Scottish schoolchildren from 15 birth cohorts over the period 1972-1980. Positive trends in weight were found for boys and girls in both countries, but in England they were less than expected from the increases in height. The increase in weight-for-height in Scotland was paralleled by a greater increase in triceps skinfold in Scottish than in English chil…
Vegetarianism and growth in Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi children in Britain
As part of a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children the relation between growth and vegetarianism in the Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi groups was explored. The aim of the analysis was to ascertain if vegetarian children from ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage in terms of nutritional status within their group of origin. Data for 80.7% of 473 Urdu children, 86.6% of 551 Gujarati children, and 84.4% of 1265 Punjabi children we…
Menarcheal age in Cumbria
A survey of age at menarche in north-west England, how it is affected by family environment and how it affects physique, was carried out on a large sample of schoolgirls in Cumbria. Age at menarche shows no independent effect of social class, but is strongly influenced by family size and also partly by position in family. Similar results emerge from analyses of the status quo and recall data. Menarcheal status differences remain associated with p…
National Study of Health and Growth
A new surveillance system was initiated on selected growth and nutritional characteristics of children living in inner-city areas and children from ethnic minorities. The heights of Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani children in this study were compared with those of children in an existing surveillance study, who were chosen to be representative of the English population. Data for this representative sample were collected in 1982 and f…
The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland from 1972–1980
Data from 29 230 children in 22 areas in England and 6 in Scotland were used to estimate the secular trend in height of primary school children over the period 1972-1980. The children were from 15 birth cohorts, born 1961-1975. The method of analysis was selected in order to give estimates from mixed longitudinal data, in which the number of measurements differed from cohort to cohort and children with incomplete data could not be assumed to be c…
Acorn group, social class, and child health
A Classification of Residential Neighborhoods (ACORN) and the Registrat General's social class classification were compared on measures of health and service use based on a sample of 5500 primary school children in England. ACORN was shown to differentiate at least as well as social class on the selected outcome measures and to identify small areas with particularly high rates of morbidity. Nevertheless, questions were raised concerning both the …
Interregional variations in measures of health from the Health and Lifestyle Survey and their relation with indicators of health care need in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to assess the extent to which a range of routinely available need indicators which have been suggested for use in NHS spatial resource allocation formulas were associated geographically in England with the different dimensions of population health status collected in the 1985/86 Health and Lifestyle Survey (HLS). DESIGN--Regional health authorities were ranked according to each of the HLS health variables which varied…
Factors related to total cholesterol and blood pressure in British 9 year olds
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess which factors are associated with total cholesterol concentration and blood pressure in 9 year olds, and to examine the extent to which a report of a heart attack in a close relative identifies children with a high total cholesterol value or high systolic blood pressure. DESIGN: This was a cross sectional study. SETTING: The analysis was based on 22 study areas from a representative English sample, 14 areas from a repre…
Relation between all cause standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at regional and district level in England
The use of mortality data in the form of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to measure the need for health care resources in the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in England has been criticised for underestimating the wider effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions on need, particularly in inner city areas. To assess this criticism, we explored the relationships at NHS Regional and District levels in England between two indicat…
The relation of mortality in England and Wales 1969-1973 to measurements of air pollution
The relation between mortality of people aged 45 to 74 and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide in the county and London boroughs of England and Wales was investigated using data for the years 1969 to 1973. Weighted multiple regression analyses, which took into account a number of socioeconomic and climatic variables, showed no consistent relation of smoke or sulphur dioxide with mortality from all causes or with mortality from specified causes …
Trends in body mass index in young adults in England and Scotland from 1973 to 1988
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to determine whether the mean body mass index of young adults in England and Scotland had increased during the years 1973 to 1988. DESIGN--The study was an analysis of reported heights and weights for parents of children participating in a mixed longitudinal study of children's growth. SETTING--20 study areas (16 in England and four in Scotland) were selected by stratified random sampling. SUBJECTS--Subjects were pare…
Vegetarianism and growth in Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi children in Britain
As part of a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children the relation between growth and vegetarianism in the Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi groups was explored. The aim of the analysis was to ascertain if vegetarian children from ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage in terms of nutritional status within their group of origin. Data for 80.7% of 473 Urdu children, 86.6% of 551 Gujarati children, and 84.4% of 1265 Punjabi children we…
The influence of availability of free school milk on the height of children in England and Scotland
The effect is investigated of availability of free school milk on height gain in one year of six- and seven-year-old primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland, using data collected annually from 1972 to 1976. The height gain of children for whom milk was available for the whole year of observation was compared with that of children who had no milk. Out of 16 sex-country-year-specific analyses for children from manual social classes only, 13 …
Factors associated with weight for height and skinfold thickness in British children
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the associations of social and biological factors with measures of obesity in children. DESIGN--The study had a cross sectional design. SETTING--The analyses were based on data from two national study of health and growth cross sectional surveys. The "representative sample" comprised 1990 data from 22 English areas and 1990-91 data from 14 Scottish areas; the "inner city sample" comprised 1991 data from 20 English area…
School meals, school milk and height of primary school children in England and Scotland in the eighties
In a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children in England and Scotland we assessed the possible effects on height gain of changes in school meals and school milk policies following the 1980 Education Act (No. 2). Mean height and height gain were estimated separately for English and Scottish samples from 1982 to 1984, and for a selective sample of inner city areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities from 1983 to 1985 in ch…
Physical fitness of 9 year olds in England
STUDY OBJECTIVE--To examine the influence of social factors, passive smoking, and other parental health related factors, as well as anthropometric and other measurements on children's cardiorespiratory fitness. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional study. SETTING--The analysis was based on 22 health areas in England. PARTICIPANTS--The subjects were 299 boys and 282 girls aged 8 to 9 years. Parents did not give positive consent for 15% of the eligibl…
Respiratory illness in British schoolchildren and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide 1973-7. II
A study was set up to investigate the effects of annual changes in the levels of atmospheric smoke and SO2 on changes in health from 1973 to 1977 in primary schoolchildren from 28 randomly selected areas of England and Scotland. Changes in health were measured by taking the change in number of respiratory conditions reported from one annual examination to the next. The number of areas with data on pollution in each period was 5,9,17, and 14 respe…
Quantifying health aspects of passive smoking in British children aged 5-11 years
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to estimate the dose-response relations of height and respiratory symptoms to passive smoking in children aged 5-11 years. DESIGN--The study was an analysis of existing observational studies, comprising three samples: English representative; English inner city; Scottish representative. SETTING--Primary schools (children aged 5-11 years). PARTICIPANTS--The study population included 5002 English children from the repres…
Passive smoking and respiratory conditions in primary school children
The effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms of children aged 5 to 11 years was investigated in over 4000 English children and nearly 800 Scottish children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1982. After adjusting for associations of respiratory symptoms with age, sex, and a number of potentially confounding variables, significant associations were found of wheeze, both occasional and persistent, day or night coug…
School meals and the rate of growth of primary school children
The effect of school meals on the rate of growth was assessed in two sets of children over one, two, and three-year periods in England and Scotland between 1973 and 1979. In all analyses children were subdivided into three groups: poor, not poor, and undefined, according to a set of questions on social circumstances. The rate of growth was assessed for children receiving school meals, lunches prepared at home, and those who changed scheme during …
A study of menarcheal age in India
A study of menarcheal age was carried out in southern India. A logit method of analysis was applied to status quo data on 1267 Tamil and Telugu speaking girls aged 9 to 18 years in 3 schools catering for different socio-economic groups. There appears to be no relationship of menarcheal age with dietary pattern classified simply as vegetarian and non-vegetarian. Differences in median age at menarche between schools correspond well with the socio-e…
The influence of availability of free school milk on the height of children in England and Scotland
The effect is investigated of availability of free school milk on height gain in one year of six- and seven-year-old primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland, using data collected annually from 1972 to 1976. The height gain of children for whom milk was available for the whole year of observation was compared with that of children who had no milk. Out of 16 sex-country-year-specific analyses for children from manual social classes only, 13 …
Standards of weight-for-height for English children from age 5·0 to 11·0 years
Analysis of data from the National Study of Health and Growth confirms the need to take age into account when assessing weight-for-height of children aged 5+ to 10+. The method described by Cole leads to errors in the assessment of English and Scottish children, in particular of those tall for their age. This is mainly because the method employs a log(weight)-log(height) rather than a log(weight)-height relationship. Using the latter, weight-for-…
Respiratory illness in British schoolchildren and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide 1973-7. II
A study was set up to investigate the effects of annual changes in the levels of atmospheric smoke and SO2 on changes in health from 1973 to 1977 in primary schoolchildren from 28 randomly selected areas of England and Scotland. Changes in health were measured by taking the change in number of respiratory conditions reported from one annual examination to the next. The number of areas with data on pollution in each period was 5,9,17, and 14 respe…
The relation of mortality in England and Wales 1969-1973 to measurements of air pollution
The relation between mortality of people aged 45 to 74 and atmospheric smoke and sulphur dioxide in the county and London boroughs of England and Wales was investigated using data for the years 1969 to 1973. Weighted multiple regression analyses, which took into account a number of socioeconomic and climatic variables, showed no consistent relation of smoke or sulphur dioxide with mortality from all causes or with mortality from specified causes …
National Study of Health and Growth
The association of social and family factors with triceps skinfold and weight for height and age was assessed using multiple regression analyses for 5-11 year-old-children in England and Scotland. Parents' body build was the factor most consistently associated with the two proxy measures of obesity. Number of siblings in the family was inversely related to triceps skinfold thickness. Parents' body-build and number of siblings were more strongly r…
Dr Melia and coauthors reply
Acorn group, social class, and child health
A Classification of Residential Neighborhoods (ACORN) and the Registrat General's social class classification were compared on measures of health and service use based on a sample of 5500 primary school children in England. ACORN was shown to differentiate at least as well as social class on the selected outcome measures and to identify small areas with particularly high rates of morbidity. Nevertheless, questions were raised concerning both the …
School meals and the rate of growth of primary school children
The effect of school meals on the rate of growth was assessed in two sets of children over one, two, and three-year periods in England and Scotland between 1973 and 1979. In all analyses children were subdivided into three groups: poor, not poor, and undefined, according to a set of questions on social circumstances. The rate of growth was assessed for children receiving school meals, lunches prepared at home, and those who changed scheme during …
The secular trend in the height of primary school children in England and Scotland from 1972–1980
Data from 29 230 children in 22 areas in England and 6 in Scotland were used to estimate the secular trend in height of primary school children over the period 1972-1980. The children were from 15 birth cohorts, born 1961-1975. The method of analysis was selected in order to give estimates from mixed longitudinal data, in which the number of measurements differed from cohort to cohort and children with incomplete data could not be assumed to be c…
Enlargement of the frontal sinus
The enlargement of the frontal sinus has been analysed in a longitudinal study of 49 males and 47 females for whom a first lateral cephalogram was available at from 2 to 5 years of age for 88 subjects and from 6 to 11 years for 8 subjects. Thereafter the cephalograms were taken at approximately yearly intervals and in 28 subjects a last cephalogram was taken at 24 years or older. In only six subjects was enlargement of the sinus still proceeding …
The National Study of Health and Growth
The height, weight for height and triceps skinfold of primary school children in England and Scotland in 1972 and 1981 were compared. Children of both sexes aged 5 to 11 years were taller in 1981 than in 1972. The median triceps skinfold and the percentage of children above the 90th centile of the 1972 distribution also increased, more consistently in boys than in girls. Children with fathers who were unemployed at the time of the survey were tal…
Menarcheal age in Cumbria
A survey of age at menarche in north-west England, how it is affected by family environment and how it affects physique, was carried out on a large sample of schoolgirls in Cumbria. Age at menarche shows no independent effect of social class, but is strongly influenced by family size and also partly by position in family. Similar results emerge from analyses of the status quo and recall data. Menarcheal status differences remain associated with p…
National Study of Health and Growth
A new surveillance system was initiated on selected growth and nutritional characteristics of children living in inner-city areas and children from ethnic minorities. The heights of Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani children in this study were compared with those of children in an existing surveillance study, who were chosen to be representative of the English population. Data for this representative sample were collected in 1982 and f…
National Study of Health and Growth
Baseline results of weight-for-height and triceps skinfold for a sample of Caucasian, Afro-Caribbean and Indo-Pakistani children living in inner-city areas are given and compared with children in an existing surveillance study representative of the English population. The data collected in 1982 for the representative sample and in 1983 for the ethnic groups gave useful information on 13,073 children in the age-range 5-11 years. The Afro-Caribbean…
Secular trends in weight, weight-for-height and triceps skinfold thickness in primary schoolchildren in England and Scotland from 1972 to 1980
Measurements of height, weight and triceps skinfold thickness were obtained from English and Scottish schoolchildren from 15 birth cohorts over the period 1972-1980. Positive trends in weight were found for boys and girls in both countries, but in England they were less than expected from the increases in height. The increase in weight-for-height in Scotland was paralleled by a greater increase in triceps skinfold in Scottish than in English chil…
Vegetarianism and growth in Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi children in Britain
As part of a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children the relation between growth and vegetarianism in the Urdu, Gujarati, and Punjabi groups was explored. The aim of the analysis was to ascertain if vegetarian children from ethnic minorities are at a disadvantage in terms of nutritional status within their group of origin. Data for 80.7% of 473 Urdu children, 86.6% of 551 Gujarati children, and 84.4% of 1265 Punjabi children we…
Passive smoking and respiratory conditions in primary school children
The effect of passive smoking on respiratory symptoms of children aged 5 to 11 years was investigated in over 4000 English children and nearly 800 Scottish children participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1982. After adjusting for associations of respiratory symptoms with age, sex, and a number of potentially confounding variables, significant associations were found of wheeze, both occasional and persistent, day or night coug…
The secular trend in height of primary school children in England and Scotland 1972–79 and 1979–86
The recent secular trend in height of primary school children was estimated using data from schools participating in the National Study of Health and Growth in 1972, 1979 and 1986. About 50% of the trends from 1972 to 1979 for English and Scottish boys and girls were accounted for by changes in family size, with some contribution from increases in parental height and from birthweight, but almost none from changes in social class distribution. Est…
The validity of reported parental height in inner city areas in England
The validity of self-reported height was assessed in a sample of Afro-Caribbean, Asian and Caucasian parents. Asian mothers overestimated their height (p less than 0.01) and Caucasian mothers overestimated that of their child's father. The standard deviations of the differences between reported and measured height, with the exception of Caucasian mothers, were large (between 4.33 cm and 11.18 cm). It is concluded that self-reported height from su…
Relation between all cause standardised mortality ratios and two indices of deprivation at regional and district level in England
The use of mortality data in the form of standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) to measure the need for health care resources in the Resource Allocation Working Party (RAWP) formula in England has been criticised for underestimating the wider effects of adverse socioeconomic conditions on need, particularly in inner city areas. To assess this criticism, we explored the relationships at NHS Regional and District levels in England between two indicat…
School meals, school milk and height of primary school children in England and Scotland in the eighties
In a nutritional surveillance system of primary school children in England and Scotland we assessed the possible effects on height gain of changes in school meals and school milk policies following the 1980 Education Act (No. 2). Mean height and height gain were estimated separately for English and Scottish samples from 1982 to 1984, and for a selective sample of inner city areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities from 1983 to 1985 in ch…
Father's unemployment and height of primary school children in Britain
In a nutritional surveillance system of 5-11-year-old children the association between father's employment status and his child's height, weight-for-height and their rates of change over 2 years were assessed. The study was carried out in three samples: quasi-representative English sample 1984-86; quasi-representative Scottish samples 1983/84-1985/86; and a sample of English inner city areas 1983-85. For the cross-sectional analysis the sample si…
Quantifying health aspects of passive smoking in British children aged 5-11 years
STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to estimate the dose-response relations of height and respiratory symptoms to passive smoking in children aged 5-11 years. DESIGN--The study was an analysis of existing observational studies, comprising three samples: English representative; English inner city; Scottish representative. SETTING--Primary schools (children aged 5-11 years). PARTICIPANTS--The study population included 5002 English children from the repres…
A new method for calculation of height centiles for preadolescent children
A new method of calculation of cross-sectional attained height centiles is proposed. This exploits the variance-stabilizing transformation, which has the form log(a+b height) up to age 11 years. Residuals of transformed height about the expected value for age are antilogged to give a single Gaussian distribution from which centiles can be calculated. In contrast to previous methods the standard errors of the centiles can be estimated without impr…
Demography (31 works) · Medicine (30 works) · Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet (18 works) · Demography (15 works) · Environmental health (13 works) · Pediatrics (10 works) · Geography (9 works) · Gerontology (8 works) · Pediatrics (8 works) · Population (8 works)