Shaun Scholes
Biographic Data
| ID | 6169575 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Shaun Scholes |
| GIVEN NAMES | Shaun |
| FAMILY NAME | Scholes |
| SIGNATURE | SCHOLES S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University College London |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7865-5264 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 3 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 20 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2008 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2022 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Comparing relationships between health-related behaviour clustering and episodic memory trajectories in the United States of America and England
HRB clustering was associated with trajectories of episodic memory in both the USA and England. The effect of HRB clustering on episodic memory seemed larger in England than in the USA. Our study highlighted the importance of being aware of the interconnections between health behaviours for a better understanding of how these behaviours affect cognitive health. Governments, particularly in England, could pay more attention to the adverse effects …
Dental attendance and behavioural pathways to adult oral health inequalities
BACKGROUND: While inequalities in oral health are documented, little is known about the extent to which they are attributable to potentially modifiable factors. We examined the role of behavioural and dental attendance pathways in explaining oral health inequalities among adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. METHODS: Using nationally representative data, we analysed inequalities in self-rated oral health and number of natural teeth. Hig…
Hypertension care cascade in Chile
Chile has experienced a positive population-wide lowering in blood pressure distribution which may be explained partly by a significant rise in levels of treated- and controlled-hypertension since 2003. Lowering the thresholds used to define elevated BP would substantially increase the financial public health challenge of further improving attainment levels at each step of the care cascade. Innovative and collaborative strategies are needed to im…
Inequalities in participation and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Participation and the amount of time that adults spend in MVPA typically favours those in high-income households. Monitoring inequalities in MVPA requires assessing different aspects of the distribution within each domain. Reducing inequalities in sports/exercise requires policy actions and interventions to move adults in low-income households from inactivity to activity, and to enable those already active to do more. Measures to promote walking …
Prevalence and Predictors of Smoking among Gambian Men
The study reveals a high prevalence of smoking among Gambian men. It is evident that cigarettes are obtained by minors in The Gambia, as a high proportion of current smokers started at a young age. Advice and support to quit smoking should be extended to all smokers regardless of their age and whether or not they have any underlying health conditions
The association between frailty and quality of life among rural community-dwelling older adults in Kegalle district of Sri Lanka
Education-related disparities in reported physical activity during leisure-time, active transportation, and work among US adults
Education-related disparities in physical activity persisted from 2007 to 2016. Our results suggest that understanding and addressing these disparities requires assessment of their multiple domains, and identification of the demographic sub-groups for which the disparities are more or less pronounced
Using triangulation to assess a suite of tools to measure community severance
There is a lack of tools to identify and measure community severance caused by large roads and motorised traffic, despite the evidence of its negative impacts on local communities. This paper reports the development of a suite of tools to measure and value community severance, undertaken as a part of the Street Mobility and Network Accessibility research project. The tools include participatory mapping, spatial analysis, a video survey, street au…
Evaluating and establishing national norms for mental wellbeing using the short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)
SWEMWBS distinguishes mental wellbeing between subgroups, similarly to WEMWBS, but is less sensitive to gender differences
OP04 Airway Obstruction and All-Cause and Respiratory Mortality
Background Debate continues about the predictive value of different spirometry based definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We explored the hazard of death for three overlapping definitions, and any significant interactions with smoking. Methods Data from the Health Survey for England (years 1995–1997, 2001) and Scottish Health Survey (1995, 1998, and 2003) were used. 30001 adults aged 45+ were interviewed, had spirometry da…
PP60 Probable Airflow Obstruction in Adults
Background In the UK, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes approximately 25,000 deaths annually. Around three million people are estimated to have COPD, of whom fewer than one-third have been diagnosed. Using spirometry, fixed thresholds (FT) and lower limit of normal (LLN) criteria define airflow obstruction (AO) differently. FTs use cut-offs for lung function measurements regardless of age, sex, height and ethnicity; LLN criteria…
OP53 Explaining Scottish Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Trends between 2000 and 2010
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates have halved in recent decades. However, CHD remains the largest cause of death in Scotland generating persistent socioeconomic inequalities. A socioeconomic quantification of the prevention and treatment contributions to these mortality reductions might help inform future health policies. Methods IMPACTsec, a previously validated policy model, was used to apportion the Scottish CHD mortality…
Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in England over 1994-2008
Favourable trends in smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol are consistent with falling coronary heart disease death rates. However, adverse trends in obesity and diabetes are likely to counteract some of these gains. Furthermore, little progress over the last 15 years has been made towards reducing inequalities. Implementation of known effective population based approaches in combination with interventions targeted at individuals/subgroups with…
PS51 Could More Than Three Million Older People Be At Risk Of Alcohol-Related Harm? A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Age-Specific Drinking Guidelines
Background To determine the effect of recently proposed age-specific alcohol consumption guidelines upon the estimated proportion and number of older individuals potentially at risk of alcohol-related harm. Nationally representative cross-sectional population data from Health Survey for England (HSE). Methods Random sample of the general population living in private households in England. For reliable comparison of adult alcohol consumption by ag…
Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Background The continuing fall in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments on socio-economic gradients in health is poorly quantified. Understanding the separate contributions of prevention and treatment to recent trends is thus crucial to planning the most effective and equitable future strategies. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model, we estimated th…
O1-4.1 Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Introduction The continuing fall in coronary heart disease mortality rates is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments is poorly quantified and hardly ever by socioeconomic group. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model we estimated the contribution of risk factor changes and evidence-based treatments to reduce CHD mortality in adults aged over 25 years between 2000 and 2007 in England, both over…
Reducing socioeconomic inequality in coronary disease treatments
Background Health inequalities are evident across the United Kingdom, exemplified by large and persistent social gradients in premature cardiovascular mortality. Four simple medical therapies improve survival in patients with coronary heart disease: antiplatelet agents including aspirin, β-blockers, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). But are the founding National Health Service (NH…
Socio-economic trends in cardiovascular risk factors in England, 1994–2008
Objective Recent large falls in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) mortality rates have been attributed to reductions in behavioural and physiological risk factors, particularly smoking, cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), and also to the increasingly widespread use of cardiological treatments. Such gains, however, have been partially offset by unfavourable trends in Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes and physical inactivity, possibly exac…
Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in England by socio-economic circumstances, 1982–2006
Objective Understanding the scale of social inequalities in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and differential trends in these by age, gender and social position is crucial for assessing the impact on health inequalities of concomitant changes in risk factors, healthcare, legislation and policy on health inequities. Previous analyses of trends in Scotland suggest that falling CHD mortality rates may have recently begun to level in younger ag…
The epidemiology of fractures in England
INTRODUCTION: Fractures are a considerable public health burden in the United Kingdom but information on their epidemiology is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the true annual incidence and lifetime prevalence of fractures in England, within both the general population and specific groups, using a self-report methodology. METHODS: A self-report survey of a nationally representative general population sample of 45,293 individuals in…
Using triangulation to assess a suite of tools to measure community severance
There is a lack of tools to identify and measure community severance caused by large roads and motorised traffic, despite the evidence of its negative impacts on local communities. This paper reports the development of a suite of tools to measure and value community severance, undertaken as a part of the Street Mobility and Network Accessibility research project. The tools include participatory mapping, spatial analysis, a video survey, street au…
The epidemiology of fractures in England
INTRODUCTION: Fractures are a considerable public health burden in the United Kingdom but information on their epidemiology is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to estimate the true annual incidence and lifetime prevalence of fractures in England, within both the general population and specific groups, using a self-report methodology. METHODS: A self-report survey of a nationally representative general population sample of 45,293 individuals in…
Socio-economic trends in cardiovascular risk factors in England, 1994–2008
Objective Recent large falls in Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) mortality rates have been attributed to reductions in behavioural and physiological risk factors, particularly smoking, cholesterol and high systolic blood pressure (SBP), and also to the increasingly widespread use of cardiological treatments. Such gains, however, have been partially offset by unfavourable trends in Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes and physical inactivity, possibly exac…
Trends in coronary heart disease mortality in England by socio-economic circumstances, 1982–2006
Objective Understanding the scale of social inequalities in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality and differential trends in these by age, gender and social position is crucial for assessing the impact on health inequalities of concomitant changes in risk factors, healthcare, legislation and policy on health inequities. Previous analyses of trends in Scotland suggest that falling CHD mortality rates may have recently begun to level in younger ag…
Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Background The continuing fall in coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments on socio-economic gradients in health is poorly quantified. Understanding the separate contributions of prevention and treatment to recent trends is thus crucial to planning the most effective and equitable future strategies. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model, we estimated th…
O1-4.1 Explaining recent coronary heart disease mortality trends in England by socioeconomic circumstances, 2000–2007
Introduction The continuing fall in coronary heart disease mortality rates is widely celebrated. However, the impact of public policies and treatments is poorly quantified and hardly ever by socioeconomic group. Methods Using a previously validated epidemiological model we estimated the contribution of risk factor changes and evidence-based treatments to reduce CHD mortality in adults aged over 25 years between 2000 and 2007 in England, both over…
Reducing socioeconomic inequality in coronary disease treatments
Background Health inequalities are evident across the United Kingdom, exemplified by large and persistent social gradients in premature cardiovascular mortality. Four simple medical therapies improve survival in patients with coronary heart disease: antiplatelet agents including aspirin, β-blockers, statins, and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB). But are the founding National Health Service (NH…
Persistent socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular risk factors in England over 1994-2008
Favourable trends in smoking, blood pressure and cholesterol are consistent with falling coronary heart disease death rates. However, adverse trends in obesity and diabetes are likely to counteract some of these gains. Furthermore, little progress over the last 15 years has been made towards reducing inequalities. Implementation of known effective population based approaches in combination with interventions targeted at individuals/subgroups with…
PS51 Could More Than Three Million Older People Be At Risk Of Alcohol-Related Harm? A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Age-Specific Drinking Guidelines
Background To determine the effect of recently proposed age-specific alcohol consumption guidelines upon the estimated proportion and number of older individuals potentially at risk of alcohol-related harm. Nationally representative cross-sectional population data from Health Survey for England (HSE). Methods Random sample of the general population living in private households in England. For reliable comparison of adult alcohol consumption by ag…
OP04 Airway Obstruction and All-Cause and Respiratory Mortality
Background Debate continues about the predictive value of different spirometry based definitions of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We explored the hazard of death for three overlapping definitions, and any significant interactions with smoking. Methods Data from the Health Survey for England (years 1995–1997, 2001) and Scottish Health Survey (1995, 1998, and 2003) were used. 30001 adults aged 45+ were interviewed, had spirometry da…
PP60 Probable Airflow Obstruction in Adults
Background In the UK, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) causes approximately 25,000 deaths annually. Around three million people are estimated to have COPD, of whom fewer than one-third have been diagnosed. Using spirometry, fixed thresholds (FT) and lower limit of normal (LLN) criteria define airflow obstruction (AO) differently. FTs use cut-offs for lung function measurements regardless of age, sex, height and ethnicity; LLN criteria…
OP53 Explaining Scottish Coronary Heart Disease Mortality Trends between 2000 and 2010
Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates have halved in recent decades. However, CHD remains the largest cause of death in Scotland generating persistent socioeconomic inequalities. A socioeconomic quantification of the prevention and treatment contributions to these mortality reductions might help inform future health policies. Methods IMPACTsec, a previously validated policy model, was used to apportion the Scottish CHD mortality…
Evaluating and establishing national norms for mental wellbeing using the short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS)
SWEMWBS distinguishes mental wellbeing between subgroups, similarly to WEMWBS, but is less sensitive to gender differences
Using triangulation to assess a suite of tools to measure community severance
There is a lack of tools to identify and measure community severance caused by large roads and motorised traffic, despite the evidence of its negative impacts on local communities. This paper reports the development of a suite of tools to measure and value community severance, undertaken as a part of the Street Mobility and Network Accessibility research project. The tools include participatory mapping, spatial analysis, a video survey, street au…
Education-related disparities in reported physical activity during leisure-time, active transportation, and work among US adults
Education-related disparities in physical activity persisted from 2007 to 2016. Our results suggest that understanding and addressing these disparities requires assessment of their multiple domains, and identification of the demographic sub-groups for which the disparities are more or less pronounced
Prevalence and Predictors of Smoking among Gambian Men
The study reveals a high prevalence of smoking among Gambian men. It is evident that cigarettes are obtained by minors in The Gambia, as a high proportion of current smokers started at a young age. Advice and support to quit smoking should be extended to all smokers regardless of their age and whether or not they have any underlying health conditions
The association between frailty and quality of life among rural community-dwelling older adults in Kegalle district of Sri Lanka
Hypertension care cascade in Chile
Chile has experienced a positive population-wide lowering in blood pressure distribution which may be explained partly by a significant rise in levels of treated- and controlled-hypertension since 2003. Lowering the thresholds used to define elevated BP would substantially increase the financial public health challenge of further improving attainment levels at each step of the care cascade. Innovative and collaborative strategies are needed to im…
Inequalities in participation and time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
Participation and the amount of time that adults spend in MVPA typically favours those in high-income households. Monitoring inequalities in MVPA requires assessing different aspects of the distribution within each domain. Reducing inequalities in sports/exercise requires policy actions and interventions to move adults in low-income households from inactivity to activity, and to enable those already active to do more. Measures to promote walking …
Dental attendance and behavioural pathways to adult oral health inequalities
BACKGROUND: While inequalities in oral health are documented, little is known about the extent to which they are attributable to potentially modifiable factors. We examined the role of behavioural and dental attendance pathways in explaining oral health inequalities among adults in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. METHODS: Using nationally representative data, we analysed inequalities in self-rated oral health and number of natural teeth. Hig…
Comparing relationships between health-related behaviour clustering and episodic memory trajectories in the United States of America and England
HRB clustering was associated with trajectories of episodic memory in both the USA and England. The effect of HRB clustering on episodic memory seemed larger in England than in the USA. Our study highlighted the importance of being aware of the interconnections between health behaviours for a better understanding of how these behaviours affect cognitive health. Governments, particularly in England, could pay more attention to the adverse effects …
Medicine (19 works) · Demography (18 works) · Population (17 works) · Environmental health (16 works) · Gerontology (14 works) · Health disparities and outcomes (10 works) · Internal Medicine (10 works) · Public health (10 works) · Gerontology (9 works) · Demography (8 works)