Regina Grafe
Biographic Data
| ID | 617359 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Regina Grafe |
| GIVEN NAMES | Regina |
| FAMILY NAME | Grafe |
| SIGNATURE | GRAFE R |
| AFFILIATIONS | European University Institute |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-9665-2227 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 15 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 111 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2004 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000
This is a comprehensive long-run history of economic and political change in the Iberian Peninsula. Beginning with the development of the old medieval kingdoms, it goes on to explore two countries, Portugal and Spain, which during the early modern period possessed vast empires and played an essential role in the global economic and political developments. It traces how and why both countries began to fall behind during the first stages of industr…
Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700-2000
Trade and the Colonial Economies, 1500–1828
Economic historians have placed commercialization at the centre of Europe’s early modern capitalism, emphasizing the importance of domestic and international trade, shipbuilding and concomitant manufactures, the financial sector, and urbanization. As the Iberian polities extended geographically to Africa, Asia and the Americas during the early modern period, trade, whether domestic, international or colonial, had a critical effect upon economic d…
Empires of Charity
This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an id…
On the spatial nature of institutions and the institutional nature of personal networks in the Spanish Atlantic
Studies of commercial, cultural and political networks in the Atlantic tend to juxtapose the soft ties of networks to the hard rules of imperial law and trade regulation. The implicit or explicit assumption has been that networks in the Spanish Atlantic served primarily as an antidote to the organisation of the empire and broke out of its spatial boundaries. Networks stood for fluidity, as opposed to the static structures of state and church. Thi…
Jeremy Baskes. Staying Afloat
The “monopoly merchant” is one of the favorite villains of Spanish American colonial history. The monarchy granted the merchants of the consulados of Cadiz and Mexico a monopoly of the carrera de Indias. Irrational regulations allowed them to squeeze colonial and peninsular societies alike by excluding competitors, restricting supply, and charging “monopoly” prices for their wares. Earning legendary profits, they turned economic dominance into po…
Mercantilism Reimagined
A stakeholder empire
This article revises the traditional view of Spain as a predatory colonial state that extracted revenue from natural resources and populations in the Americas while offering little in return. Using eighteenth-century Spanish American treasury accounts, we show that local elites exerted important control not only over revenue collection, as previously argued by the authors, but also over expenditure allocation. The Spanish colonial state developed…
Chapter Three. The Strange Tale Of The Decline Of Spanish Shipping
This chapter starts by trying to establish some quantitative background for the assessment of the supposed slow rise and fast decline of the Spanish shipping sector over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Yet, it argues that demand played a larger role in the stagnation of Spanish shipping vis-a-vis its northern European competitors than is generally assumed. It takes a simplistic, but systematic approach to trying to unravel at least part …
Edge of crisis
Barbara H. Stein and Stanley J. Stein , Edge of crisis: war and trade in the Spanish Atlantic, 1789–1808 ( Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 2009 . Pp . xii + 623 . ISBN 9780801890468 Hbk. £40/$77 ) For a long time Stanley Stein, emeritus professor at Princeton, was best known for his The colonial heritage of Latin America; essays on economic dependence in perspective (1970), which contributed to the exceptional success of dependency t…
The Rise and Fall of the Merchant Guilds
Although the importance of merchant guilds for the commercial development of Europe is beyond doubt, scholars do not agree about why they emerged, persisted, and ultimately declined between the eleventh and eighteenth centuries. Historical studies usually focus on individual cases and idiosyncratic circumstances that restrict comparisons, whereas economic approaches based on game or contract theory often impose narrow assumptions on their models …
Response to Carlos Marichal and William Summerhill
We thank Carlos Marichal, William Summerhill, and the editors of the HAHR for taking up the debate on how to assess the governance structures under lying Spanish rule in the Iberian Peninsula and the American colonies and (more generally) the current use of institutional explanations in social sciences and history as determinants of differential economic development. Both commentators seem perfectly comfortable with our actual numbers and our att…
Bargaining for Absolutism
Social scientists use the history of Spain and her empire as a standard against which they establish the relatively superior efficiency of Anglo-Saxon institutions. This historical "experiment" underpins the core argument of new institutional economic history. This essay argues that such comparisons are based on a misleading characterization of Spanish rule in the metropolis and overseas. For some time, historians of Spain and colonial Spanish Am…
The Spanish Empire and its legacy
The comparative history of the Americas has been used to identify factors determining longterm economic growth. One approach, new institutional economics (NIE), claims that the colonial origins of respective institutional structures explain North American success and Spanish American failure. Another argues that differences in resources encountered by Europeans fostered divergent levels of equality impacting on institutions and growth. This paper…
Making History Count
Journal Article Making History Count: A Primer in Quantitative Methods for Historians Get access By Charles H Feinstein. and Mark Thomas. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxi+547. £65.00 hardback, US$85.00 hardback, £21.95 paperback, US$30.00 paperback. ISBN 0 521 80663 1, 0 521 00137 4.) Regina Grafe Regina Grafe London School of Economics and Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academ…
Bargaining for Absolutism
Social scientists use the history of Spain and her empire as a standard against which they establish the relatively superior efficiency of Anglo-Saxon institutions. This historical "experiment" underpins the core argument of new institutional economic history. This essay argues that such comparisons are based on a misleading characterization of Spanish rule in the metropolis and overseas. For some time, historians of Spain and colonial Spanish Am…
A stakeholder empire
This article revises the traditional view of Spain as a predatory colonial state that extracted revenue from natural resources and populations in the Americas while offering little in return. Using eighteenth-century Spanish American treasury accounts, we show that local elites exerted important control not only over revenue collection, as previously argued by the authors, but also over expenditure allocation. The Spanish colonial state developed…
The Spanish Empire and its legacy
The comparative history of the Americas has been used to identify factors determining longterm economic growth. One approach, new institutional economics (NIE), claims that the colonial origins of respective institutional structures explain North American success and Spanish American failure. Another argues that differences in resources encountered by Europeans fostered divergent levels of equality impacting on institutions and growth. This paper…
The Rise and Fall of the Merchant Guilds
Although the importance of merchant guilds for the commercial development of Europe is beyond doubt, scholars do not agree about why they emerged, persisted, and ultimately declined between the eleventh and eighteenth centuries. Historical studies usually focus on individual cases and idiosyncratic circumstances that restrict comparisons, whereas economic approaches based on game or contract theory often impose narrow assumptions on their models …
On the spatial nature of institutions and the institutional nature of personal networks in the Spanish Atlantic
Studies of commercial, cultural and political networks in the Atlantic tend to juxtapose the soft ties of networks to the hard rules of imperial law and trade regulation. The implicit or explicit assumption has been that networks in the Spanish Atlantic served primarily as an antidote to the organisation of the empire and broke out of its spatial boundaries. Networks stood for fluidity, as opposed to the static structures of state and church. Thi…
Making History Count
Journal Article Making History Count: A Primer in Quantitative Methods for Historians Get access By Charles H Feinstein. and Mark Thomas. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxi+547. £65.00 hardback, US$85.00 hardback, £21.95 paperback, US$30.00 paperback. ISBN 0 521 80663 1, 0 521 00137 4.) Regina Grafe Regina Grafe London School of Economics and Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academ…
Making History Count
Journal Article Making History Count: A Primer in Quantitative Methods for Historians Get access By Charles H Feinstein. and Mark Thomas. (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Pp. xxi+547. £65.00 hardback, US$85.00 hardback, £21.95 paperback, US$30.00 paperback. ISBN 0 521 80663 1, 0 521 00137 4.) Regina Grafe Regina Grafe London School of Economics and Political Science Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academ…
The Spanish Empire and its legacy
The comparative history of the Americas has been used to identify factors determining longterm economic growth. One approach, new institutional economics (NIE), claims that the colonial origins of respective institutional structures explain North American success and Spanish American failure. Another argues that differences in resources encountered by Europeans fostered divergent levels of equality impacting on institutions and growth. This paper…
Response to Carlos Marichal and William Summerhill
We thank Carlos Marichal, William Summerhill, and the editors of the HAHR for taking up the debate on how to assess the governance structures under lying Spanish rule in the Iberian Peninsula and the American colonies and (more generally) the current use of institutional explanations in social sciences and history as determinants of differential economic development. Both commentators seem perfectly comfortable with our actual numbers and our att…
Bargaining for Absolutism
Social scientists use the history of Spain and her empire as a standard against which they establish the relatively superior efficiency of Anglo-Saxon institutions. This historical "experiment" underpins the core argument of new institutional economic history. This essay argues that such comparisons are based on a misleading characterization of Spanish rule in the metropolis and overseas. For some time, historians of Spain and colonial Spanish Am…
The Rise and Fall of the Merchant Guilds
Although the importance of merchant guilds for the commercial development of Europe is beyond doubt, scholars do not agree about why they emerged, persisted, and ultimately declined between the eleventh and eighteenth centuries. Historical studies usually focus on individual cases and idiosyncratic circumstances that restrict comparisons, whereas economic approaches based on game or contract theory often impose narrow assumptions on their models …
Chapter Three. The Strange Tale Of The Decline Of Spanish Shipping
This chapter starts by trying to establish some quantitative background for the assessment of the supposed slow rise and fast decline of the Spanish shipping sector over the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Yet, it argues that demand played a larger role in the stagnation of Spanish shipping vis-a-vis its northern European competitors than is generally assumed. It takes a simplistic, but systematic approach to trying to unravel at least part …
Edge of crisis
Barbara H. Stein and Stanley J. Stein , Edge of crisis: war and trade in the Spanish Atlantic, 1789–1808 ( Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press , 2009 . Pp . xii + 623 . ISBN 9780801890468 Hbk. £40/$77 ) For a long time Stanley Stein, emeritus professor at Princeton, was best known for his The colonial heritage of Latin America; essays on economic dependence in perspective (1970), which contributed to the exceptional success of dependency t…
A stakeholder empire
This article revises the traditional view of Spain as a predatory colonial state that extracted revenue from natural resources and populations in the Americas while offering little in return. Using eighteenth-century Spanish American treasury accounts, we show that local elites exerted important control not only over revenue collection, as previously argued by the authors, but also over expenditure allocation. The Spanish colonial state developed…
Mercantilism Reimagined
On the spatial nature of institutions and the institutional nature of personal networks in the Spanish Atlantic
Studies of commercial, cultural and political networks in the Atlantic tend to juxtapose the soft ties of networks to the hard rules of imperial law and trade regulation. The implicit or explicit assumption has been that networks in the Spanish Atlantic served primarily as an antidote to the organisation of the empire and broke out of its spatial boundaries. Networks stood for fluidity, as opposed to the static structures of state and church. Thi…
Jeremy Baskes. Staying Afloat
The “monopoly merchant” is one of the favorite villains of Spanish American colonial history. The monarchy granted the merchants of the consulados of Cadiz and Mexico a monopoly of the carrera de Indias. Irrational regulations allowed them to squeeze colonial and peninsular societies alike by excluding competitors, restricting supply, and charging “monopoly” prices for their wares. Earning legendary profits, they turned economic dominance into po…
Empires of Charity
This article investigates the institutionalization and the practices of charity that sustained imperial rule in the early modern Spanish Empire. The article proposes that the polycentric Spanish Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries faced a fundamental challenge in terms of justifying the extension of power beyond its original territory of legitimization through custom and (invented) history. This challenge was dealt with through recourse to an id…
An Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700–2000
This is a comprehensive long-run history of economic and political change in the Iberian Peninsula. Beginning with the development of the old medieval kingdoms, it goes on to explore two countries, Portugal and Spain, which during the early modern period possessed vast empires and played an essential role in the global economic and political developments. It traces how and why both countries began to fall behind during the first stages of industr…
Economic History of the Iberian Peninsula, 700-2000
Trade and the Colonial Economies, 1500–1828
Economic historians have placed commercialization at the centre of Europe’s early modern capitalism, emphasizing the importance of domestic and international trade, shipbuilding and concomitant manufactures, the financial sector, and urbanization. As the Iberian polities extended geographically to Africa, Asia and the Americas during the early modern period, trade, whether domestic, international or colonial, had a critical effect upon economic d…
History (9 works) · Political science (9 works) · Economics (8 works) · Historical Economic and Social Studies (8 works) · Law (7 works) · Politics (7 works) · Colonialism (6 works) · Economic history (6 works) · Economy (5 works) · Empire (5 works)