T C O''Connell
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 627215 |
|---|---|
| NOME | T C O''Connell |
| PRENOMES | T C |
| SOBRENOME | O''Connell |
| ASSINATURA | CONNELL T C O |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Cambridge |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4744-0332 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 61 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 1362 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 61 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1999 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 18 |
Detecting social differences in diet in medieval towns
The analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in bone collagen can reveal aspects of diet and how this may change between periods and places. Here, the authors apply a ‘whole-town’ approach to isotopic analysis, to characterise and explore variation in diet within medieval Cambridge and its hinterland. By adopting this approach, and a robust isotopic baseline, the authors argue that the number of confounding variables that typically plague …
Large-Scale Isotopic Data Reveal Gendered Migration into Early Medieval England c ad 400–1100
This study presents the results of a large-scale isotopic meta-analysis of early medieval England which reveals migration patterns from c. AD 400-1100. These patterns are gendered, regionally distinctive and fluctuate chronologically. Contrary to traditional narratives of discrete migratory events the data show continuous movement, with significant activity in the 7th and 8th centuries. Male migrants appear more prominent, although there is notab…
The signal and the noise
Isotopic analysis as a method of assessing diet or geographical origin is now ubiquitous in archaeology, to the point where seemingly no project is complete without it. Yet despite its prevalence, it is not a straightforward technique that provides a simple answer. I argue that many researchers overlook the fact that the situation is rarely clear-cut, with many contributing factors, that each situation is usually complex and can vary depending on…
Author Correction
Stable isotope evidence for pre-colonial maize agriculture and animal management in the Bolivian Amazon
Over the past decade, multidisciplinary research has seen the Amazon Basin go from a context perceived as unfavourable for food production and large-scale human societies to one of 'garden cities', domestication, and anthropogenically influenced forests and soils. Nevertheless, direct insights into human interactions with particular crops and especially animals remain scarce across this vast area. Here we present new stable carbon and nitrogen is…
Pathways to the medieval hospital
Medieval hospitals were founded to provide charity, but poverty and infirmity were broad and socially determined categories and little is known about the residents of these institutions and the pathways that led them there. Combining skeletal, isotopic and genetic data, the authors weave a collective biography of individuals buried at the Hospital of St John the Evangelist, Cambridge. By starting with the physical remains, rather than historical …
Crop water status from plant stable carbon isotope values
Stable carbon isotope analysis is increasingly used in archaeology as an indicator of crop water status and/or water management regime. While the technique shows promise, robust modern baseline studies are required to inform and validate archaeological interpretations. Here, we test stable carbon isotope values as a crop water status proxy in a monsoonal climatic context for the first time. Specifically, we test the relationship between grain sta…
Diet and Lifestyle in the First Villages of the Middle Preceramic
We present stable isotope and osteological data from human remains at Paloma, Chilca I, La Yerba III, and Morro I that offer new evidence for diet, lifestyle, and habitual mobility in the first villages that proliferated along the arid Pacific coast of South America (ca. 6000 cal BP). The data not only reaffirm the dietary primacy of marine protein for this period but also show evidence at Paloma of direct access interactions between the coast an…
Feeding the herds
Lipid residues in pottery from the Indus Civilisation in northwest India
This paper presents novel insights into the archaeology of food in ancient South Asia by using lipid residue analysis to investigate what kinds of foodstuffs were used in ceramic vessels by populations of the Indus Civilisation in northwest India. It examines how vessels were used in urban and rural Indus settlements during the Mature Harappan period ( c .2600/2500-1900 BC), the relationship between vessels and the products within them, and ident…
Sea, sickness and cautionary tales
During the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, Spanish ships sailed around the globe connecting Spain to its colonies. While documentary records offer rich details concerning life on board ship, archaeological information is essential to generating a full picture of the past. The cemetery at Old St Bernard's Hospital, Gibraltar, provides an opportunity to study the skeletal remains of sailors. Following previous osteological research, carbon, nitr…
Osteobiography
What is osteobiography good for? The last generation of archaeologists fought to overcome the traditional assumption that archaeology is merely ancillary to history, a substitute to be used when written sources are defective; it is now widely acknowledged that material histories and textual histories tell equally valid and complementary stories about the past. Yet the traditional assumption hangs on implicitly in biography: osteobiography is used…
East Anglian early Neolithic monument burial linked to contemporary Megaliths
In the fourth millennium BCE a cultural phenomenon of monumental burial structures spread along the Atlantic façade. Megalithic burials have been targeted for aDNA analyses, but a gap remains in East Anglia, where Neolithic structures were generally earthen or timber. An early Neolithic (3762-3648 cal. BCE) burial monument at the site of Trumpington Meadows, Cambridgeshire, UK, contained the partially articulated remains of at least three individ…
Living and dying at thePortus Romae
New evidence for subsistence strategies of late pre-colonial societies of the mouth of the Amazon based on carbon and nitrogen isotopic data
Year-round shellfish exploitation in the Levant and implications for Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer subsistence
Chicken and Egg
In bone, the spacing between δ 13 C in collagen and bioapatite carbonate is greater in herbivores than carnivores, with implications for understanding animal dietary ecology from surviving hard tissues. Two explanations have been proposed: varying diet composition or differences in physiology between herbivores and carnivores. We measured the isotopic effects of carnivorous and herbivorous diets on a single species, to test the effect of diet com…
On the Use of Biomineral Oxygen Isotope Data to Identify Human Migrants in the Archaeological Record
Oxygen isotope analysis of archaeological skeletal remains is an increasingly popular tool to study past human migrations. It is based on the assumption that human body chemistry preserves the δ18O of precipitation in such a way as to be a useful technique for identifying migrants and, potentially, their homelands. In this study, the first such global survey, we draw on published human tooth enamel and bone bioapatite data to explore the validity…
Climatic or dietary change? Stable isotope analysis of Neolithic–Bronze Age populations from the Upper Ob and Tobol River basins
Dietary changes in the populations inhabiting southwest Siberia and northern Kazakhstan indicate concurrent changes in the economy, at the same time marking the beginnings of East–West interaction across northern Eurasia. The introduction of domestic animal species of Near Eastern origin, such as sheep and goat, dramatically changed the lives of the local population. Past palaeodietary research using stable isotope analysis has mainly focussed on…
Finding Britain's last hunter-gatherers
In the last decade, our knowledge of the transition from foraging, fishing, and hunting to agricultural food production has been transformed through the molecular analysis of human remains. In Britain, however, the lack of Late Mesolithic human remains has limited our understanding of this dietary transition. Here, we report the use of a novel strategy to analyse otherwise overlooked material to identify additional human remains from this period.…
Fecal carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis as an indicator of diet in Kanyawara chimpanzees, Kibale National Park, Uganda
Objectives The shorter‐term overview from feces provides scope to investigate dietary fluctuations. We assess the correlation of stable isotopic fecal values with recorded seasonal diet of 10 adult chimpanzees ( P. t. schweinfurthii ) of the Kanyawara community (Kibale National Park, Uganda) and whether fecal nitrogen levels (% N ) indicate a change in crude protein intake. Materials and Methods We recorded food eaten by each ape and collected bo…
Life and Death in Neolithic Southeastern Italy
There is a strong relation between people's structured identities and their chemical biographies: these can reflect the way individuals choose to reside and/or move. The strontium isotope ratio (87Sr/86Sr) of skeletal remains is considered a useful proxy to assess residential mobility and social practices in past populations; however, so far, it has only occasionally been applied to prehistoric contexts in the Mediterranean. In this paper, we pre…
Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America
New chronology for Ksâr ‘Akil (Lebanon) supports Levantine route of modern human dispersal into Europe
Significance Bayesian modeling of AMS radiocarbon dates on the marine mollusk Phorcus turbinatus from Ksâr ‘Akil (Lebanon) indicates that the earliest presence of Upper Paleolithic (UP) modern humans in the Levant predates 45,900 cal B.P. Similarities in early UP lithic technology and material culture suggest population dispersals between the Levant and Europe around 50,000–40,000 cal B.P. Our data confirm the presence of modern humans carrying a…
The extent of cereal cultivation among the Bronze Age to Turkic period societies of Kazakhstan determined using stable isotope analysis of bone collagen
Collagen turnover in the adult femoral mid‐shaft
We have measured the 14 C content of human femoral mid‐shaft collagen to determine the dynamics of adult collagen turnover, using the sudden doubling and subsequent slow relaxation of global atmospheric 14 C content due to nuclear bomb testing in the 1960s and 1970s as a tracer. 14 C measurements were made on bone collagen from 67 individuals of both sexes who died in Australia in 1990‐1993, spanning a range of ages at death from 40 to 97, and th…
The diet‐body offset in human nitrogen isotopic values
The “trophic level enrichment” between diet and body results in an overall increase in nitrogen isotopic values as the food chain is ascended. Quantifying the diet–body Δ 15 N spacing has proved difficult, particularly for humans. The value is usually assumed to be +3–5‰ in the archaeological literature. We report here the first (to our knowledge) data from humans on isotopically known diets, comparing dietary intake and a body tissue sample, tha…
Isotopic Comparison of Hair, Nail and Bone
Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Faunal Remains from the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Berinsfield, Oxfordshire
The distinction between freshwater- and terrestrial-based diets
Interpreting the expansion of sea fishing in medieval Europe using stable isotope analysis of archaeological cod bones
Isotopic Comparison of Hair and Bone
From necessity to choice
This article explores the context of the long-distance translocation of crops in prehistory. We draw upon contrasts in the isotopic signatures of Southwest Asian crops, including wheat and barley – C3 plants, compared to Asian millets – C4 plants, to investigate a key region of trans-Eurasian exchange, the Chinese province of Gansu. The isotopic results demonstrate that in Gansu province prior to 2000 cal. bc, the staples were millets. Between 20…
Stable isotopic evidence for diet at the Imperial Roman coastal site of Velia (1st and 2nd Centuries AD) in Southern Italy
Here we report on a stable isotope palaeodietary study of a Imperial Roman population interred near the port of Velia in Southern Italy during the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were performed on collagen extracted from 117 adult humans as well as a range of fauna to reconstruct individual dietary histories. For the majority of individuals, we found that stable isotope data were consistent with a diet high i…
The extent of cereal cultivation among the Bronze Age to Turkic period societies of Kazakhstan determined using stable isotope analysis of bone collagen
Trans‐Atlantic slavery
The question of the ultimate origin of African slaves is one of the most perplexing in the history of trans‐Atlantic slavery. Here we present the results of a small, preliminary isotopic study that was conducted in order to determine the geographical origin of 25 enslaved Africans who were buried at the Newton plantation, Barbados, sometime between the late 17th and early 19th century. In order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the slaves' …
Diet and mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria
This study investigates patterns of mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria through a combined study of diet and associated burial practice. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were analyzed in human bone samples from the Late Roman cemetery of Klettham and from the Early Medieval cemeteries of Altenerding and Straubing‐Bajuwarenstrasse. For dietary comparison, samples of faunal bone from one Late Roman and three Early Medieval settlement sites were al…
The earliest evidence of millet as a staple crop
There is a growing body of archaeobotanical evidence for the harvesting of millet in Eurasia prior to 5,000 cal. BC. Yet direct evidence for the extent of millet consumption in this time period is rare. This contradiction may be due to millet crops making only a minor contribution to the diet before 5,000 BC. In this article, drawing from recent excavations in North China, we present evidence for millet crops making a substantial contribution to …
Changing cultures, changing cuisines
Food is well‐known to encode social and cultural values, for example different social groups use different consumption patterns to act as social boundaries. When societies and cultures change, whether through drift, through population replacement or other factors, diet may also alter despite unchanging resource availability within a region. This study investigates the extent to which dietary change coincides with cultural change, to understand th…
The Signs of Maize? A Reconsideration of What δ13C Values Say about Palaeodiet in the Andean Region
Radiocarbon and stable isotope investigations at the Central Rhineland sites of Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg, Germany
Metals and millets
Exploring the Mesolithic and Neolithic transition in Croatia through isotopic investigations
The generalised picture of Mesolithic marine diet giving way to a Neolithic terrestrial diet, as derived from isotope measurements, has been both championed and challenged in this journal. Here new results from the Balkans offer a preliminary picture of a diversity of food strategy, both before and after the great transition
Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD)
The reconstruction of dietary patterns in the two Roman imperial age coastal communities of Portus and Velia (I–III AD) by means of stable isotope analysis of bone remains has exposed a certain degree of heterogeneity between and within the two samples. Results do not correlate with any discernible mortuary practices at either site, which might have pointed to differential social status. The present study tests the hypothesis of a possible connec…
An Investigation Into Diet at the Site of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes
This paper reports the results of stable isotopic analyses conducted upon animal and human bones recovered from Yarnton, Oxfordshire. Spanning the Neolithic to Saxon periods, it is in many ways a typical site, but is unusual in that a small Middle Iron Age cemetery was discovered. All of the data presented here lie within the expected isotopic ranges for the European Holocene, although both faunal and animal δ 15 N values are higher than is commo…
Early Holocene ritual complexity in South America
The Burial of A Princess? The Later Seventh-Century Cemetery At Westfield Farm, Ely
This paper reports on the excavation of a small, but high-status, later seventh-century Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Ely. Of fifteen graves, two were particularly well furnished, one of which was buried with a gold and silver necklace that included a cross pendant, as well as two complete glass palm cups and a composite comb, placed within a wooden padlocked casket. The paper reports on the skeletal and artefactual material (including isotopic analysi…
Characterizing the Diet of Individuals at the Neolithic Chambered Tomb of Hazleton North, Gloucestershire, England, Using Stable Isotopic Analysis
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were measured on human and faunal bones, sampled from the Neolithic chambered tomb of Hazleton North, Gloucestershire, UK. The values were used to characterize the diet of the burial community as a whole. Humans were higher in δ 15 N by 4.5–5.0‰ relative to animal δ 15 N, from which we conclude that, based on currently accepted interpretations of isotopic data, the humans consumed a diet that was ve…
Finding Britain's last hunter-gatherers
In the last decade, our knowledge of the transition from foraging, fishing, and hunting to agricultural food production has been transformed through the molecular analysis of human remains. In Britain, however, the lack of Late Mesolithic human remains has limited our understanding of this dietary transition. Here, we report the use of a novel strategy to analyse otherwise overlooked material to identify additional human remains from this period.…
The End of Empire
This paper presents a suite of new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon measurements from the Ayacucho Valley of Peru and discusses their implications for the timing and nature of the collapse of the Wari Empire. Analysis of these and previously published dates from the region indicate that there is little evidence for state political authority in Ayacucho prior to the end of the 7th century. Dated human remains from the polity's epony…
Isotopic Comparison of Hair and Bone
Investigations into the effect of diet on modern human hair isotopic values
Carbon and nitrogen isotopic analysis of body tissues is one of the few techniques that can furnish quantitative information about the diet of archaeological humans. The study of the effects of various diets on modern human isotopic values can help to refine palaeodietary theories, and such work also enables the testing of palaeodietary theories independent of archaeological remains and interpretations. This report discusses the use of modern hum…
Isotopic Comparison of Hair, Nail and Bone
Isolation and Isotopic Analysis of Individual Amino Acids from Archaeological Bone Collagen
This paper presents a new method for the isolation and isotopic analysis of some individual amino acids from proteins. The technique and its constituent steps are discussed; then isotopic analyses of amino acids from several samples of bone collagen from the Late Roman site of Poundbury, Dorset, UK are presented. The applications of the method are discussed, as well as some advantages of this technique relative to other methods. Although develope…
Stable Isotope Analysis of Human and Faunal Remains from the Anglo-Saxon Cemetery at Berinsfield, Oxfordshire
Nitrogen balance and δ 15 N
Carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N) stable isotope ratios were longitudinally measured in human hair that reflected the period from pre‐conception to delivery in 10 pregnant women. There was no significant change in the δ 13 C results, but all subjects showed a decrease in δ 15 N values (−0.3 to −1.1‰) during gestation. The mechanisms causing this decrease in hair δ 15 N have not been fully elucidated. However, since the δ 15 N values…
Differentiating Bone Osteonal Turnover Rates By Density Fractionation; Validation Using the Bomb 14 C Atmospheric Pulse
The density (BSG) of bone increases, at the osteon scale, during lifetime aging within the bone. In addition, post-mortem diagenetic change due to microbial attack produces denser bioapatite. Thus, fractionation of finely powdered bone on the basis of density should not only enable younger and older populations of osteons to be separated but also make it possible to separate out a less diagenetically altered component. We show that the density fr…
Nitrogen balance and δ 15 N
While past experiments on animals, birds, fish, and insects have shown changes in stable isotope ratios due to nutritional stress, there has been little research on this topic in humans. To address this issue, a small pilot study was conducted. Hair samples from eight pregnant women who experienced nutritional stress associated with the nausea and vomiting of morning sickness (hyperemesis gravidarum) were measured for carbon ( δ 13 C) and nitroge…
The distinction between freshwater- and terrestrial-based diets
The End of Empire
This paper presents a suite of new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon measurements from the Ayacucho Valley of Peru and discusses their implications for the timing and nature of the collapse of the Wari Empire. Analysis of these and previously published dates from the region indicate that there is little evidence for state political authority in Ayacucho prior to the end of the 7th century. Dated human remains from the polity's epony…
Collagen turnover in the adult femoral mid‐shaft
We have measured the 14 C content of human femoral mid‐shaft collagen to determine the dynamics of adult collagen turnover, using the sudden doubling and subsequent slow relaxation of global atmospheric 14 C content due to nuclear bomb testing in the 1960s and 1970s as a tracer. 14 C measurements were made on bone collagen from 67 individuals of both sexes who died in Australia in 1990‐1993, spanning a range of ages at death from 40 to 97, and th…
Palaeoenvironmental and chronological investigations of the Magdalenian sites of Goyet Cave and Trou de Chaleux (Belgium), via stable isotope and radiocarbon analyses of horse skeletal remains
Characterizing the Diet of Individuals at the Neolithic Chambered Tomb of Hazleton North, Gloucestershire, England, Using Stable Isotopic Analysis
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were measured on human and faunal bones, sampled from the Neolithic chambered tomb of Hazleton North, Gloucestershire, UK. The values were used to characterize the diet of the burial community as a whole. Humans were higher in δ 15 N by 4.5–5.0‰ relative to animal δ 15 N, from which we conclude that, based on currently accepted interpretations of isotopic data, the humans consumed a diet that was ve…
An Investigation Into Diet at the Site of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, Using Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes
This paper reports the results of stable isotopic analyses conducted upon animal and human bones recovered from Yarnton, Oxfordshire. Spanning the Neolithic to Saxon periods, it is in many ways a typical site, but is unusual in that a small Middle Iron Age cemetery was discovered. All of the data presented here lie within the expected isotopic ranges for the European Holocene, although both faunal and animal δ 15 N values are higher than is commo…
The Burial of A Princess? The Later Seventh-Century Cemetery At Westfield Farm, Ely
This paper reports on the excavation of a small, but high-status, later seventh-century Anglo-Saxon cemetery in Ely. Of fifteen graves, two were particularly well furnished, one of which was buried with a gold and silver necklace that included a cross pendant, as well as two complete glass palm cups and a composite comb, placed within a wooden padlocked casket. The paper reports on the skeletal and artefactual material (including isotopic analysi…
Stable isotopic evidence for diet at the Imperial Roman coastal site of Velia (1st and 2nd Centuries AD) in Southern Italy
Here we report on a stable isotope palaeodietary study of a Imperial Roman population interred near the port of Velia in Southern Italy during the 1st and 2nd centuries AD. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses were performed on collagen extracted from 117 adult humans as well as a range of fauna to reconstruct individual dietary histories. For the majority of individuals, we found that stable isotope data were consistent with a diet high i…
Trans‐Atlantic slavery
The question of the ultimate origin of African slaves is one of the most perplexing in the history of trans‐Atlantic slavery. Here we present the results of a small, preliminary isotopic study that was conducted in order to determine the geographical origin of 25 enslaved Africans who were buried at the Newton plantation, Barbados, sometime between the late 17th and early 19th century. In order to gain a more nuanced understanding of the slaves' …
Radiocarbon and stable isotope investigations at the Central Rhineland sites of Gönnersdorf and Andernach-Martinsberg, Germany
Isotopic Analysis of Faunal Material from South Uist, Western Isles, Scotland
This paper reports on the results from stable isotope analysis of faunal bone collagen from a number of Iron Age and later sites on the island of South Uist, in the Western Isles, Scotland. This preliminary investigation into the isotopic signatures of the fauna is part of a larger project to model the interaction between humans, animals, and the broader environment in the Western Isles. The results demonstrate that the island fauna data fall wit…
New light on the Anglo-Saxon succession
The origin of the English is an interesting problem - and not only for them. In one short century, the evidence from texts, burial, artefacts, stable isotopes and now DNA provides several different answers to the question of whether England was invaded by Germans in the fifth century and if so in what manner. The rigorous approach by our authors tips the balance back in favour of a population changing its cultural allegiance - rather than being p…
A flock of sheep, goats and cattle
Diet and mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria
This study investigates patterns of mobility in Early Medieval Bavaria through a combined study of diet and associated burial practice. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios were analyzed in human bone samples from the Late Roman cemetery of Klettham and from the Early Medieval cemeteries of Altenerding and Straubing‐Bajuwarenstrasse. For dietary comparison, samples of faunal bone from one Late Roman and three Early Medieval settlement sites were al…
Water‐related occupations and diet in two Roman coastal communities (Italy, first to third century AD)
The reconstruction of dietary patterns in the two Roman imperial age coastal communities of Portus and Velia (I–III AD) by means of stable isotope analysis of bone remains has exposed a certain degree of heterogeneity between and within the two samples. Results do not correlate with any discernible mortuary practices at either site, which might have pointed to differential social status. The present study tests the hypothesis of a possible connec…
Interpreting the expansion of sea fishing in medieval Europe using stable isotope analysis of archaeological cod bones
Investigating climate at the Upper Palaeolithic site of Kraków Spadzista Street (B), Poland, using oxygen isotopes
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (51 obras) · Geography (41 obras) · Biology (40 obras) · Archaeology (38 obras) · Isotope Analysis in Ecology (29 obras) · Ecology (27 obras) · Isotope analysis (20 obras) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (20 obras) · Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (19 obras) · Pacific and Southeast Asian Studies (18 obras)