Arthur S Elstein
Biographic Data
| ID | 628982 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Arthur S Elstein |
| GIVEN NAMES | Arthur S |
| FAMILY NAME | Elstein |
| SIGNATURE | ELSTEIN A S |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Illinois Chicago |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 14 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 6 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 14 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1972 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2012 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Risk as feelings in the effect of patient outcomes on physicians' future treatment decisions
The Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact of Logically Inconsistent Preferences in Utility Assessments for Joint Health States in Prostate Cancer
BACKGROUND: Variations in health state utilities can impact cost-effectiveness analyses. One potential source of error is when joint health state (JS) utilities are rated higher than the embedded single state (SS) utilities. Knowing when and in whom this occurs can improve cost-effectiveness analyses. METHODS: Men (n = 323) were surveyed at the time of prostate biopsy. Time tradeoff SS and JS utilities for prevalent prostate cancer (PCa) health s…
Agreement between prostate cancer patients and their clinicians about utilities and attribute importance
Purpose To examine the agreement between prostate cancer patients’ utilities for selected health states and their rankings of the importance of six attributes of the health states and the clinicians’ judgements of what would be in the patients’ best interests. Method Patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer individually completed a time trade‐off utility assessment shortly after being diagnosed. The health states evaluated were con…
Naturalistic decision making and clinical judgment
A multi-attribute model of prostate cancer patients' preferences for health states
Models of Choice Between Multioutcome Lotteries
Multiplicative-summing decision theories were compared by assessing their fit to choice data obtained from 559 subjects, each providing 16–60 problems. The problems were 212 pairs of multioutcome monetary lotteries, including 86 for gains, 86 for losses, and 40 mixed lotteries with gains and losses. Lotteries of each pair had the same expected value. The fit of each theory to the data was measured by the percent of problems with agreement between…
Order of Information Affects Clinical Judgment
Family practice physicians read a case vignette describing a patient with a history of lung cancer, a new transient neurological disturbance, and a normal computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the head. They then estimated the probabilities of two diagnoses: transient ischemic attack (TIA) and brain tumor. Probability estimates of TIA were lower if the history of lung cancer was presented at the end of the case rather than at the beginning. This …
Valuing the Future
Normative discounted utility theory specifies that the values of all future outcomes (for example, those related to health and money) should be discounted at a constant rate. Two experiments demonstrated that, contrary to this prescription, decision makers use different discount rates for health-related decisions and money-related decisions. Temporal discount ings for health and money were similar in that both demonstrated two biases previously f…
Pervasiveness of framing effects among physicians and medical students
Researchers have been documenting the influence of framing upon decision making for more than two decades; decisions appear to change in response to superficial changes in the presentation of possible outcomes. Several studies of medical decision making have revealed; for instance, that clinical decisions differ when options are presented as gains (survival rates) rather than losses (mortality rates). However, most studies of framing effects in t…
Differences in Medical Referral Decisions for Obesity Among Family Practitioners, General Internists, and Gynecologists
This study explored variation in the decisions of primary care physicians to refer or not to refer obese patients to an endocrinologist and the principles underlying their decisions. Forty-five physicians--family practitioners, obstetricians, and general internists--made referral judgments on 24 cases and completed a questionnaire. Data indicated a difference among specialties in the number of cases referred (P less than or equal to 0.01) that wa…
Psychological Approaches to Medical Decision Making
The limits of rational decision making
Medical Problem Solving
Organizational and psychological problems in developing community mental health services
Psychological Approaches to Medical Decision Making
Risk as feelings in the effect of patient outcomes on physicians' future treatment decisions
Naturalistic decision making and clinical judgment
Pervasiveness of framing effects among physicians and medical students
Researchers have been documenting the influence of framing upon decision making for more than two decades; decisions appear to change in response to superficial changes in the presentation of possible outcomes. Several studies of medical decision making have revealed; for instance, that clinical decisions differ when options are presented as gains (survival rates) rather than losses (mortality rates). However, most studies of framing effects in t…
Organizational and psychological problems in developing community mental health services
Medical Problem Solving
The limits of rational decision making
Psychological Approaches to Medical Decision Making
Differences in Medical Referral Decisions for Obesity Among Family Practitioners, General Internists, and Gynecologists
This study explored variation in the decisions of primary care physicians to refer or not to refer obese patients to an endocrinologist and the principles underlying their decisions. Forty-five physicians--family practitioners, obstetricians, and general internists--made referral judgments on 24 cases and completed a questionnaire. Data indicated a difference among specialties in the number of cases referred (P less than or equal to 0.01) that wa…
Valuing the Future
Normative discounted utility theory specifies that the values of all future outcomes (for example, those related to health and money) should be discounted at a constant rate. Two experiments demonstrated that, contrary to this prescription, decision makers use different discount rates for health-related decisions and money-related decisions. Temporal discount ings for health and money were similar in that both demonstrated two biases previously f…
Pervasiveness of framing effects among physicians and medical students
Researchers have been documenting the influence of framing upon decision making for more than two decades; decisions appear to change in response to superficial changes in the presentation of possible outcomes. Several studies of medical decision making have revealed; for instance, that clinical decisions differ when options are presented as gains (survival rates) rather than losses (mortality rates). However, most studies of framing effects in t…
Order of Information Affects Clinical Judgment
Family practice physicians read a case vignette describing a patient with a history of lung cancer, a new transient neurological disturbance, and a normal computerized tomographic (CT) scan of the head. They then estimated the probabilities of two diagnoses: transient ischemic attack (TIA) and brain tumor. Probability estimates of TIA were lower if the history of lung cancer was presented at the end of the case rather than at the beginning. This …
Models of Choice Between Multioutcome Lotteries
Multiplicative-summing decision theories were compared by assessing their fit to choice data obtained from 559 subjects, each providing 16–60 problems. The problems were 212 pairs of multioutcome monetary lotteries, including 86 for gains, 86 for losses, and 40 mixed lotteries with gains and losses. Lotteries of each pair had the same expected value. The fit of each theory to the data was measured by the percent of problems with agreement between…
A multi-attribute model of prostate cancer patients' preferences for health states
Naturalistic decision making and clinical judgment
Agreement between prostate cancer patients and their clinicians about utilities and attribute importance
Purpose To examine the agreement between prostate cancer patients’ utilities for selected health states and their rankings of the importance of six attributes of the health states and the clinicians’ judgements of what would be in the patients’ best interests. Method Patients with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer individually completed a time trade‐off utility assessment shortly after being diagnosed. The health states evaluated were con…
The Prevalence, Correlates, and Impact of Logically Inconsistent Preferences in Utility Assessments for Joint Health States in Prostate Cancer
BACKGROUND: Variations in health state utilities can impact cost-effectiveness analyses. One potential source of error is when joint health state (JS) utilities are rated higher than the embedded single state (SS) utilities. Knowing when and in whom this occurs can improve cost-effectiveness analyses. METHODS: Men (n = 323) were surveyed at the time of prostate biopsy. Time tradeoff SS and JS utilities for prevalent prostate cancer (PCa) health s…
Risk as feelings in the effect of patient outcomes on physicians' future treatment decisions
Medicine (9 works) · Psychology (9 works) · Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics (8 works) · Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life (6 works) · Economics (5 works) · Social Psychology (5 works) · Family medicine (4 works) · Internal Medicine (4 works) · Cancer (3 works) · Clinical Psychology (3 works)