Victora Shnirelman
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 629167 |
|---|---|
| NOME | Victora Shnirelman |
| PRENOMES | Victora |
| SOBRENOME | Shnirelman |
| ASSINATURA | SHNIRELMAN V |
| AFILIAÇÕES | Institute of Anthropology and Ethnography |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-8469-6583 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 29 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 46 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 29 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 1979 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2023 |
| ÍNDICE H | 3 |
Traumatic memory and the cossack revival
As a rule, a traumatic memory includes two points: a memory of the recent tragedy and a view of the lost Golden Age, i.e. victimization combines with glorification which has to offset a disadvantage with the help of symbolic images. This dichotomy is analyzed with respect to the Cossacks whose memory maintains both the tragedies of the Civil war including their relocation, and a reference to the deep past with an emphasis on indigenous ancestors …
The “End of Times” and the Antichrist’s Arrival
A return of the Orthodox religion and a renaissance of the Russian Orthodox Church gave a way for politically active movements of Orthodox fundamentalists and monarchists. They were obsessed with the idea of the “end of time” and argued that the Antichrist was at the door. The article focuses on several national-patriotic newspapers and their interest to Orthodox prophecies about the end of time, which can be traced from the turn of the 1990s. It…
The Alans between a Scholarly Paradigm and Ethnocentrism
A social (historic) memory and an alternative history are discussed with respect to the hot and very emotional issue dealing with the claims of certain North Caucasian peoples for the Alan ancestors. One should make a difference between academic approaches, on the one hand, and pseudo-scholarly, often highly politicized motives of the alternative history authors, on the other hand. Yet, even scholars who have dual loyalty have to make an uneasy c…
Nationalism and Archaeology
Cherchez le Chien
The Politics of the Past in Dagestan
Dagestan is inhabited by numerous ethnic communities with their own languages, cultures and histories. However, despite its ethnic and cultural diversity, the republic’s authorities have consistently sought to promote a unified concept of Dagestani identity. This policy has been challenged by local ethnic nationalists concerned about the future of their ethnic communities, which they saw as being endangered by assimilation and marginalisation. Th…
Religious Culture or Invitation to Religion
Alexander Dugin
Nationalism and Archeology
The author poses a question about the connection between archeology and the ideology of nationalism. Defining nationalism as ideology and social practice that makes nation a subject of politics and give priority to the national interests over all others, he argues that the value of archeology for nationalism is determined by its ability to provide material evidence of long cultural continuity and real ties with the ancestors. This renders the iss…
Archeology and Society-A Complicated Relationship
This discussion introduces scholarship published as a set in Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, featuring the complex relationship between nationalism and archeology in the former Soviet Union and beyond. The author makes the case that in the post-Soviet period, ideology continues to influence historical knowledge in ethnocentric approaches to the past
From Social Classes to Ethnicities
The dramatic transformations experienced by Russia in the 1990s were accompanied by the radical changes in views of the past. Whereas social class struggle was emphasized by the Soviet Marxist historiography, ethnicity became the focal point of the post-Soviet one. This replacement was especially sensitive for historical education at school where an image of the class enemy was forced out by that of ethnic enemy. It is in this context that an ide…
Aryans or Proto-Turks? Contested Ancestors in Contemporary Central Asia
Every newly emerged and nationalizing state has to confirm its legitimacy and, more often than not, employs a cultural-historical approach for that. It is even more so, if, under an authoritarian regime, the given society presents itself as a cultural-historical entity rather than a civic one based on political cohesion. The less democratic a society the more it is eager to depict itself as an organic community based on a well-bound culture and d…
Incompatibility of Cultures
Victor Shnirelman situates issues of multiple Jewish identities in the broad context of Russian society and the ideologies that have nurtured it in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The article reveals the insidiousness of quests for overarching, essentialist theories about culture, since they are often repackaged racism in scientific clothing. When such theories permeate school textbooks, as they have begun to do in Russia, scientific debates …
Le rouge et le noir
Groupuscules se référant au nazisme, au fascisme ou au national-bolchevisme, mouvances skinheads, contre-culture jeune, courants néo-païens et aryens : la Russie post-communiste est animée par de virulents mouvements d’extrême droite qui regroupent un large spectre idéologique. L’objectif de cette étude est de retracer leur histoire depuis l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique, de comprendre leur évolution politique, mais également de se donner de…
Ancestral Wisdom and Ethnic Nationalism
The ideology of contemporary Russian Paganism is analysed as a version of nationalism, ‘nation’ being understood as a primordial ethnic community. The author reveals a mixture of Soviet ideology with fragments of folk beliefs in the contemporary Pagan outlook, which serves as a sort of patriotism after the empire has collapsed and given way to a globalization that challenges national states and ethnic communities. Hence the Russian Pagans’ main g…
Linguoarchaeology
Russia is famous for its long tradition of ethnogenetic studies-i.e. investigations of the origins of particular peoples: how, when, under what conditions different peoples came into being.1 This tradition is deeply rooted in the Age of Nationalism when various European peoples occupied themselves with the search for their ancestors and past cultures. A peculiar feature of the Russian approach was the idea that there were no pure peoples or cultu…
Myths of descent
A view of the past has proved to be a valuable aspect of ethnic identity in the contemporary world. It also plays a crucial role in contemporary struggles for political, financial, territorial and cultural resources. This struggle is especially intense in unstable political environments, as various ethnic elites compete to upgrade their political status and to gain desirable benefits. In the post-Soviet world, where ethnicity is still highly poli…
Christians! Go home
A rapid growth of new religious movements, in terms of both their numbers and variability, was a surprising outcome of the move to democracy in post-Soviet societies. One of the movements is Neo-Paganism whose emergence paradoxically coincided with the celebration of the anniversary of the baptism of Rus 1,000 years ago and the birth of Christianity 2,000 years ago. The Neo-Pagan movements challenge Christian values--with regard to ethics, attitu…
‘Aryans’ and ‘Khazars’
Recently, the old anti-Semitic myths, both the Aryan and the Khazar, have been revived in Russia and have begun to spread. The Aryan myth, which is rooted in the Nazi propaganda of the 1920s and 1930s, was picked up and developed by the contemporary Russian radical nationalists. It restores to general history the Manichaean and Messianic approaches that reduce all complex historic processes to a struggle between two agents — the 'Aryans' (i.e. th…
Passions about Arkaim
Arkaim is the name given to the site of an ancient town in the Southern Urals, dated to the 17th-16th centuries BC. Discovered in 1987, Arkaim rapidly became more than an archaeological site. It became the focus for an extraordinary congolmeration of ideas linked to ecological and political movements, in particular those of Russian nationalists. Threatened with flooding because of a dam project, Arkaim was made a 'Museum Reserve'. Soon it became …
The Idea of Eurasianism and the Theory of Culture
Since the end of the 1980s, in the Soviet Union the ideology of Eurasianism has had a rebirth, revived by both conservatives and democrats in equal measure. In recent times, neo-Eurasianism and its ideas have been broadly used by the representatives of various types of ethnonationalism in Russia and beyond. What is the cause of this? What is it in Eurasianism that draws today's nationalists, particularly Russian ones? What is it that makes the id…
Eurasianism and the National Question
I must admit that it was amusing to read V. V. Karlov's reaction to my article; fully in keeping with a Soviet/party spirit, he uses a mentoring tone to scold "the well-known Russian ethnologist and culturologist" V. A. Shnirel'man for a range of "errors of principle" in his treatment of the Eurasianist ideology. What I found most curious in his review was that it seems he knows Eurasianism from only one publication of N. S. Trubetskoi (granted, …
Alternative Prehistory
Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern Context
Complex hunter-gatherers
The Crisis in Soviet Ethnography [and Comments]
Christians! Go home
A rapid growth of new religious movements, in terms of both their numbers and variability, was a surprising outcome of the move to democracy in post-Soviet societies. One of the movements is Neo-Paganism whose emergence paradoxically coincided with the celebration of the anniversary of the baptism of Rus 1,000 years ago and the birth of Christianity 2,000 years ago. The Neo-Pagan movements challenge Christian values--with regard to ethics, attitu…
Ancestral Wisdom and Ethnic Nationalism
The ideology of contemporary Russian Paganism is analysed as a version of nationalism, ‘nation’ being understood as a primordial ethnic community. The author reveals a mixture of Soviet ideology with fragments of folk beliefs in the contemporary Pagan outlook, which serves as a sort of patriotism after the empire has collapsed and given way to a globalization that challenges national states and ethnic communities. Hence the Russian Pagans’ main g…
Nationalism and Archeology
The author poses a question about the connection between archeology and the ideology of nationalism. Defining nationalism as ideology and social practice that makes nation a subject of politics and give priority to the national interests over all others, he argues that the value of archeology for nationalism is determined by its ability to provide material evidence of long cultural continuity and real ties with the ancestors. This renders the iss…
Passions about Arkaim
Arkaim is the name given to the site of an ancient town in the Southern Urals, dated to the 17th-16th centuries BC. Discovered in 1987, Arkaim rapidly became more than an archaeological site. It became the focus for an extraordinary congolmeration of ideas linked to ecological and political movements, in particular those of Russian nationalists. Threatened with flooding because of a dam project, Arkaim was made a 'Museum Reserve'. Soon it became …
The Origins of the Food-producing Economy [and Comments and Reply]
The formation of the productive economy is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Of this set of problems, the author addresses one that has received comparatively little attention, the socioeconomic prerequisites for agriculture. He is interested primarily in the processes occurring within a community of hunter-gatherers during the transition to agricuture, in other words, in the social aspects of this phenomenon. The sources of the productive …
Crises and economic dynamics in traditional societies
The Politics of the Past in Dagestan
Dagestan is inhabited by numerous ethnic communities with their own languages, cultures and histories. However, despite its ethnic and cultural diversity, the republic’s authorities have consistently sought to promote a unified concept of Dagestani identity. This policy has been challenged by local ethnic nationalists concerned about the future of their ethnic communities, which they saw as being endangered by assimilation and marginalisation. Th…
From Social Classes to Ethnicities
The dramatic transformations experienced by Russia in the 1990s were accompanied by the radical changes in views of the past. Whereas social class struggle was emphasized by the Soviet Marxist historiography, ethnicity became the focal point of the post-Soviet one. This replacement was especially sensitive for historical education at school where an image of the class enemy was forced out by that of ethnic enemy. It is in this context that an ide…
Aryans or Proto-Turks? Contested Ancestors in Contemporary Central Asia
Every newly emerged and nationalizing state has to confirm its legitimacy and, more often than not, employs a cultural-historical approach for that. It is even more so, if, under an authoritarian regime, the given society presents itself as a cultural-historical entity rather than a civic one based on political cohesion. The less democratic a society the more it is eager to depict itself as an organic community based on a well-bound culture and d…
Myths of descent
A view of the past has proved to be a valuable aspect of ethnic identity in the contemporary world. It also plays a crucial role in contemporary struggles for political, financial, territorial and cultural resources. This struggle is especially intense in unstable political environments, as various ethnic elites compete to upgrade their political status and to gain desirable benefits. In the post-Soviet world, where ethnicity is still highly poli…
On the Social Anthropology of a Neolithic Cemetery
The Origins of the Food-producing Economy [and Comments and Reply]
The formation of the productive economy is a complex, multidimensional phenomenon. Of this set of problems, the author addresses one that has received comparatively little attention, the socioeconomic prerequisites for agriculture. He is interested primarily in the processes occurring within a community of hunter-gatherers during the transition to agricuture, in other words, in the social aspects of this phenomenon. The sources of the productive …
Complex hunter-gatherers
The Crisis in Soviet Ethnography [and Comments]
Crises and economic dynamics in traditional societies
Hunters and Gatherers in the Modern Context
Alternative Prehistory
The Idea of Eurasianism and the Theory of Culture
Since the end of the 1980s, in the Soviet Union the ideology of Eurasianism has had a rebirth, revived by both conservatives and democrats in equal measure. In recent times, neo-Eurasianism and its ideas have been broadly used by the representatives of various types of ethnonationalism in Russia and beyond. What is the cause of this? What is it in Eurasianism that draws today's nationalists, particularly Russian ones? What is it that makes the id…
Eurasianism and the National Question
I must admit that it was amusing to read V. V. Karlov's reaction to my article; fully in keeping with a Soviet/party spirit, he uses a mentoring tone to scold "the well-known Russian ethnologist and culturologist" V. A. Shnirel'man for a range of "errors of principle" in his treatment of the Eurasianist ideology. What I found most curious in his review was that it seems he knows Eurasianism from only one publication of N. S. Trubetskoi (granted, …
Passions about Arkaim
Arkaim is the name given to the site of an ancient town in the Southern Urals, dated to the 17th-16th centuries BC. Discovered in 1987, Arkaim rapidly became more than an archaeological site. It became the focus for an extraordinary congolmeration of ideas linked to ecological and political movements, in particular those of Russian nationalists. Threatened with flooding because of a dam project, Arkaim was made a 'Museum Reserve'. Soon it became …
‘Aryans’ and ‘Khazars’
Recently, the old anti-Semitic myths, both the Aryan and the Khazar, have been revived in Russia and have begun to spread. The Aryan myth, which is rooted in the Nazi propaganda of the 1920s and 1930s, was picked up and developed by the contemporary Russian radical nationalists. It restores to general history the Manichaean and Messianic approaches that reduce all complex historic processes to a struggle between two agents — the 'Aryans' (i.e. th…
Christians! Go home
A rapid growth of new religious movements, in terms of both their numbers and variability, was a surprising outcome of the move to democracy in post-Soviet societies. One of the movements is Neo-Paganism whose emergence paradoxically coincided with the celebration of the anniversary of the baptism of Rus 1,000 years ago and the birth of Christianity 2,000 years ago. The Neo-Pagan movements challenge Christian values--with regard to ethics, attitu…
Linguoarchaeology
Russia is famous for its long tradition of ethnogenetic studies-i.e. investigations of the origins of particular peoples: how, when, under what conditions different peoples came into being.1 This tradition is deeply rooted in the Age of Nationalism when various European peoples occupied themselves with the search for their ancestors and past cultures. A peculiar feature of the Russian approach was the idea that there were no pure peoples or cultu…
Myths of descent
A view of the past has proved to be a valuable aspect of ethnic identity in the contemporary world. It also plays a crucial role in contemporary struggles for political, financial, territorial and cultural resources. This struggle is especially intense in unstable political environments, as various ethnic elites compete to upgrade their political status and to gain desirable benefits. In the post-Soviet world, where ethnicity is still highly poli…
Le rouge et le noir
Groupuscules se référant au nazisme, au fascisme ou au national-bolchevisme, mouvances skinheads, contre-culture jeune, courants néo-païens et aryens : la Russie post-communiste est animée par de virulents mouvements d’extrême droite qui regroupent un large spectre idéologique. L’objectif de cette étude est de retracer leur histoire depuis l’effondrement de l’Union soviétique, de comprendre leur évolution politique, mais également de se donner de…
Ancestral Wisdom and Ethnic Nationalism
The ideology of contemporary Russian Paganism is analysed as a version of nationalism, ‘nation’ being understood as a primordial ethnic community. The author reveals a mixture of Soviet ideology with fragments of folk beliefs in the contemporary Pagan outlook, which serves as a sort of patriotism after the empire has collapsed and given way to a globalization that challenges national states and ethnic communities. Hence the Russian Pagans’ main g…
Aryans or Proto-Turks? Contested Ancestors in Contemporary Central Asia
Every newly emerged and nationalizing state has to confirm its legitimacy and, more often than not, employs a cultural-historical approach for that. It is even more so, if, under an authoritarian regime, the given society presents itself as a cultural-historical entity rather than a civic one based on political cohesion. The less democratic a society the more it is eager to depict itself as an organic community based on a well-bound culture and d…
Incompatibility of Cultures
Victor Shnirelman situates issues of multiple Jewish identities in the broad context of Russian society and the ideologies that have nurtured it in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. The article reveals the insidiousness of quests for overarching, essentialist theories about culture, since they are often repackaged racism in scientific clothing. When such theories permeate school textbooks, as they have begun to do in Russia, scientific debates …
From Social Classes to Ethnicities
The dramatic transformations experienced by Russia in the 1990s were accompanied by the radical changes in views of the past. Whereas social class struggle was emphasized by the Soviet Marxist historiography, ethnicity became the focal point of the post-Soviet one. This replacement was especially sensitive for historical education at school where an image of the class enemy was forced out by that of ethnic enemy. It is in this context that an ide…
Nationalism and Archeology
The author poses a question about the connection between archeology and the ideology of nationalism. Defining nationalism as ideology and social practice that makes nation a subject of politics and give priority to the national interests over all others, he argues that the value of archeology for nationalism is determined by its ability to provide material evidence of long cultural continuity and real ties with the ancestors. This renders the iss…
Archeology and Society-A Complicated Relationship
This discussion introduces scholarship published as a set in Etnograficheskoe obozrenie, featuring the complex relationship between nationalism and archeology in the former Soviet Union and beyond. The author makes the case that in the post-Soviet period, ideology continues to influence historical knowledge in ethnocentric approaches to the past
Alexander Dugin
Religious Culture or Invitation to Religion
The Politics of the Past in Dagestan
Dagestan is inhabited by numerous ethnic communities with their own languages, cultures and histories. However, despite its ethnic and cultural diversity, the republic’s authorities have consistently sought to promote a unified concept of Dagestani identity. This policy has been challenged by local ethnic nationalists concerned about the future of their ethnic communities, which they saw as being endangered by assimilation and marginalisation. Th…
Nationalism and Archaeology
History (19 obras) · Sociology (18 obras) · Law (15 obras) · Political science (15 obras) · Anthropology (11 obras) · Politics (11 obras) · Soviet and Russian History (10 obras) · Archaeology (9 obras) · Art (9 obras) · History (9 obras)