Faye J Crosby
Biographic Data
| ID | 629351 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Faye J Crosby |
| GIVEN NAMES | Faye J |
| FAMILY NAME | Crosby |
| SIGNATURE | CROSBY F J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Smith College |
| ORCID | 0009-0003-1107-1365 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 61 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 360 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 60 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1976 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2024 |
| H-INDEX | 10 |
Comparisons, Justice, and the Internment of Japanese-Americans
Comparisons are the stuff of social life. Everybody knows this intuitively, and since the days of Leon Festinger (1954), social psychologists have developed a formal knowledge of the operation of social comparisons in human interactions. Following Festinger’s lead, the social comparison researchers investigated how comparisons with other people influence a person’s attitudes and opinions, including the assessment of their own abilities (Goethals,…
Affirmative Action and Black Student Success: The Pursuit of a "Critical Mass" at Historically White Universities
Advice from One Veteran
Guest editorial
From me too to what now: Advancing Scholarship on Sex Harassment Issue 1: A Persistent Problem
The Form and Function of STEM Research Mentoring: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Focusing on Ethnically Diverse Undergraduates and Their Mentors
This mixed-methods study examines mentoring relationships in an ethnically diverse sample of undergraduates in majors related to science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Guided by an intersectionality framework, we examined whether features of research mentoring differ at the intersection of ethnicity and gender. Survey data from undergraduates ( N = 486; 76% members of underrepresented ethnic groups; 66% women) revealed ethnic and gend…
Social Comparison Theory
Over the last 60 years, research on social comparison theory and relative deprivation theory has been complementary. We present a brief overview of relevant theory and research and hint at future directions.
Sex Discrimination, Personal Denial, and Collateral Damage
Reflections on harmdoing
Job Satisfaction
Matching by Race and Gender in Mentoring Relationships: Keeping our Eyes on the Prize
This study examined the extent to which science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students reported having had mentors of their own race and gender and the extent to which they have adopted the idea that matching by race and gender matters. The study also documented the effects of race and gender matching on three academic outcomes, self-reported grade point average, efficacy, and confidence, based on data collected from 1,013 undergradua…
Introduction to Mark Zanna's SPSSI Kurt Lewin Award Address: Introduction to Mark Zanna's SPSSI Kurt Lewin Award Address
Introduction to Gregory M. Herek's Lewin Award Address
Understanding Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is a controversial and often poorly understood policy. It is also a policy that has been widely studied by social scientists. In this review, we outline how affirmative action operates in employment and education settings and consider the major points of controversy. In addition, we detail the contributions of psychologists and other social scientists in helping to demonstrate why affirmative action is needed; how it can have u…
The Uses of a Good Theory
How does one diminish discrimination? Many members of SPSSI, including the present authors, have tried to reduce discrimination through the application of good theories. We outline three theoretical approaches that Crosby, like many other psychologists, has taken as she has struggled with discrimination. Sometimes missing in Crosby's approach, and often missing in the approach of others, is a frank avowal of values. We argue that the attempt to d…
The Perceived Importance of Developmental Relationships on Women Undergraduates' Pursuit of Science
Using a survey of women science majors, we tested the assumption that women mentors and other women guides help women students pursue the sciences. The survey explicitly distinguished among three types of guides: mentors (who provide psychosocial support), sponsors (who provide instrumental support), and role models (who act as examples) encountered before and during college. We found that over 90% of the women had a guide of one type or another,…
The Maternal Wall
Although the economic and social position of women has improved considerably in the last decades, some gendered expectations and roles have proved remarkably resilient. Increasingly, the gender gap in compensation has become an issue of “mother” versus “other,” as, for example, working mothers earn 60% of what working fathers earn. Conservatives tend to frame the gender imbalance in terms of women's choices; but feminists, including those in this…
Anticipating Work and Family: Exploring the Associations Among Gender‐Related Ideologies, Values, and Behaviors in Latino and White Families in the United States
This study explores Latina and White women's perceptions of their mother and father's gender‐role ideologies, values, and behaviors concerning work and family intersections. Although Latino and White families in this Northern California, United States sample differed in terms of income and educational attainments, they did not differ in terms of the values they placed on work, marriage, and parenting or in terms of the time spent on work, marriag…
Values and Science: Reply
Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action as a Function of the Strength of Ethnic Identity Among Latino College Students 1
The present study examined support for affirmative action among Latino college students as a function of ethnic identity. We found that, overall, Latino students generally endorsed affirmative action and did not feel undermined by it. Of primary interest to us was variation in support for affirmative action as a function of ethnic identity. The more the Latino students identified with their ethnic group, the more they endorsed affirmative action
White Guilt and Racial Compensation: The Benefits and Limits of Self-Focus
In two studies, the authors investigated guilt as a response to group-based advantage. Consistent with its conceptualization as a self-focused emotion, White guilt was based in self-focused beliefs in racial inequality. Thus, guilt was associated with belief in White privilege (Study 1) and resulted from seeing European Americans as perpetrators of racial discrimination (Study 2). Just as personal guilt is associated with efforts at restitution, …
Affirmative action: Psychological data and the policy debates.
Connections Between the Ivory Tower and the Multicolored World: Linking Abstract Theories of Social Justice to the Rough and Tumble of Affirmative Action
This article seeks to combine the social psychologist's interest in articulating and testing concepts with the public policymaker's interest in the effective implementation of specific policies and programs. The first part of the article applies knowledge about distributive and procedural justice to understanding some of the opposition to affirmative action. The application also reveals some lacunae—specifically concerning rule change—in how soci…
VI. Problematizing Problems
VI. Problematizing Problems
The Denial of Personal Discrimination
Working women in one survey knew well that women workers do not generally receive the rewards they deserve. But in most cases, the women appeared to imagine-quite erroneously-that they personally avoided sex discrimination. Ways to surmount the barriers are discussed
The female register: An empirical study of Lakoff's hypotheses
Sociolinguists (e.g. Swacker 1975) and anthropologists (e.g. Hall 1959) are increasingly aware of the fact that sex, like social class or subcultural group, is a variable which strongly affects speech (Thorne & Henley 1975). While sexexclusive differentiation (i.e. separate male and female languages) now appears to be an almost nonexistent phenomenon, sex-preferred differentiation seems to be widespread across a number of languages and language f…
Cognitive biases in the perception of discrimination: The importance of format
An empirical examination of relative deprivation theory
Matching by Race and Gender in Mentoring Relationships: Keeping our Eyes on the Prize
This study examined the extent to which science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) students reported having had mentors of their own race and gender and the extent to which they have adopted the idea that matching by race and gender matters. The study also documented the effects of race and gender matching on three academic outcomes, self-reported grade point average, efficacy, and confidence, based on data collected from 1,013 undergradua…
The Maternal Wall
Although the economic and social position of women has improved considerably in the last decades, some gendered expectations and roles have proved remarkably resilient. Increasingly, the gender gap in compensation has become an issue of “mother” versus “other,” as, for example, working mothers earn 60% of what working fathers earn. Conservatives tend to frame the gender imbalance in terms of women's choices; but feminists, including those in this…
Feminism as Life Raft
We looked at relationships between academic women's feminist identity and their perceptions of discrimination. From a sample of self-labeled feminist professors of psychology who had participated in the Feminist Teaching Project, we examined previously transcribed interviews and also collected new, auxiliary information. We expected to find that our respondents would view feminism as both provoking discrimination and helping them cope with discri…
Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action as a Function of Racial Identity Among African American College Students
Variations in support for affirmative action were assessed in a sample of 181 African American college students in Massachusetts. These students generally endorsed affirmative action, and endorsement varied positively as a function of the belief that one had personally benefited from affirmative action. Aspects of racial identity, indexed by the Multidimensional Inventory of Black Identity, also predicted variations in attitudes toward affirmativ…
Relative Deprivation Revisited: A Response to Miller, Bolce, and Halligan
This article challenges some of the conclusions drawn in “The J-Curve Theory and the Black Urban Riots,” by Abraham Miller, Louis Bolce and Mark Halligan (1977). Miller et al. reject relative deprivation theory and J-curve theory as valid explanations of black urban rioting. In my argument that Miller et al. are not justified in rejecting relative deprivation theory, I shall review four versions of relative deprivation theory to show how Miller e…
The Leader. A Political Biography of Gough Whitlam
Affirmative Action and the Issue of Expectancies
The goal of affirmative action policies, the elimination of racial and sexual inequality, generates at least public agreement among most Americans, but affirmative action methods remain controversial, even among their intended beneficiaries. Affirmative action programs are criticized for reinforcing rather than dissolving racial and sexual barriers, and for making social categories salient. Further, if affirmative action programs appear to involv…
Work Satisfaction as a Function of Gender and Job Status
Male lawyers, female lawyers, and female legal secretaries were interviewed concerning their work satisfaction, the nature of their employment-related gratifications and deprivations, and their work values. The data showed that the three samples' responses concerning work-related gratifications, deprivations, and values were largely similar. When they differed, the splits tended to be along the lines of job status (lawyer vs. secretary) rather th…
The Perceived Importance of Developmental Relationships on Women Undergraduates' Pursuit of Science
Using a survey of women science majors, we tested the assumption that women mentors and other women guides help women students pursue the sciences. The survey explicitly distinguished among three types of guides: mentors (who provide psychosocial support), sponsors (who provide instrumental support), and role models (who act as examples) encountered before and during college. We found that over 90% of the women had a guide of one type or another,…
Attitudes Toward Affirmative Action as a Function of the Strength of Ethnic Identity Among Latino College Students 1
The present study examined support for affirmative action among Latino college students as a function of ethnic identity. We found that, overall, Latino students generally endorsed affirmative action and did not feel undermined by it. Of primary interest to us was variation in support for affirmative action as a function of ethnic identity. The more the Latino students identified with their ethnic group, the more they endorsed affirmative action
The Uses of a Good Theory
How does one diminish discrimination? Many members of SPSSI, including the present authors, have tried to reduce discrimination through the application of good theories. We outline three theoretical approaches that Crosby, like many other psychologists, has taken as she has struggled with discrimination. Sometimes missing in Crosby's approach, and often missing in the approach of others, is a frank avowal of values. We argue that the attempt to d…
Words Worth of Wisdom: Toward an Understanding of Affirmative Action
This article lays a conceptual foundation that is needed if social scientists and policymakers are to design and implement fair and effective affirmative action programs. Because the policy of affirmative action is oftentimes misunderstood, the article starts with definitions and contrasts affirmative action with equal opportunity. We argue that affirmative action is a necessary policy if organizations are to be fair. Finally, we conclude by revi…
Men's attitudes toward affirmative action: Justice and intergroup relations at the crossroads
Why Complain
This article, which champions complaining, consists of three parts. The first section defines and justifies the concept of complaint. Complaining, as opposed to protesting, encourages action even from those who are vulnerable and helps complainers see their adversaries as complex human beings rather than as inhuman creatures. The second section of the article offers, by way of example, a data‐based complaint about the bifurcation of well‐being in…
Extending the Moral Community: Logical and Psychological Dilemmas
Although the virtues of an extended moral community make it a valid and necessary goal, such an inclusive view also creates problems of a logical and psychological nature. Moral issues are thorny, and an expanded view of the moral community does not “solve” the basic thorny issues of morality. Instead, it puts some of these issues into high relief. This paper examines some of the dilemmas that confront us when we seek to extend our moral communit…
Sex Discrimination, Personal Denial, and Collateral Damage
Anticipating Work and Family: Exploring the Associations Among Gender‐Related Ideologies, Values, and Behaviors in Latino and White Families in the United States
This study explores Latina and White women's perceptions of their mother and father's gender‐role ideologies, values, and behaviors concerning work and family intersections. Although Latino and White families in this Northern California, United States sample differed in terms of income and educational attainments, they did not differ in terms of the values they placed on work, marriage, and parenting or in terms of the time spent on work, marriag…
Affirmative action: Setting the record straight
Values and Science: Reply
Male Sympathy with the Situation of Women: Does Personal Experience Make a Difference
Opinions and feelings about the situation of working women were assessed among a sample of men in high‐prestige and low‐prestige occupations interviewed in 1979 and 1980. The men varied considerably in how much sympathy they felt with working women. Men in high‐prestige occupations were reliably more aware of and upset about the true extent of sex discrimination than were men in low‐prestige occupations. Men's attitudes were not connected to the …
Introduction: The Search for Connections
Connections between the facts of people's personal circumstances and their judgments about social and political issues are often murky or invisible. This seems counterintuitive. The nature of social issues is such that most people in a particular society possess some information about them and, if pressed, will be able to offer an opinion concerning them; it would seem reasonable to assume that these opinions reflect the individual's personal cir…
A model of egoistical relative deprivation.
Early discourse agreement
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The female register: An empirical study of Lakoff's hypotheses
Sociolinguists (e.g. Swacker 1975) and anthropologists (e.g. Hall 1959) are increasingly aware of the fact that sex, like social class or subcultural group, is a variable which strongly affects speech (Thorne & Henley 1975). While sexexclusive differentiation (i.e. separate male and female languages) now appears to be an almost nonexistent phenomenon, sex-preferred differentiation seems to be widespread across a number of languages and language f…
Relative Deprivation Revisited: A Response to Miller, Bolce, and Halligan
This article challenges some of the conclusions drawn in “The J-Curve Theory and the Black Urban Riots,” by Abraham Miller, Louis Bolce and Mark Halligan (1977). Miller et al. reject relative deprivation theory and J-curve theory as valid explanations of black urban rioting. In my argument that Miller et al. are not justified in rejecting relative deprivation theory, I shall review four versions of relative deprivation theory to show how Miller e…
Recent unobtrusive studies of Black and White discrimination and prejudice: A literature review
Recent unobtrusive studies of Black and White discrimination and prejudice: A literature review
An empirical examination of relative deprivation theory
Work Satisfaction as a Function of Gender and Job Status
Male lawyers, female lawyers, and female legal secretaries were interviewed concerning their work satisfaction, the nature of their employment-related gratifications and deprivations, and their work values. The data showed that the three samples' responses concerning work-related gratifications, deprivations, and values were largely similar. When they differed, the splits tended to be along the lines of job status (lawyer vs. secretary) rather th…
Comparing the Work Attitudes of Women and Men
The Leader. A Political Biography of Gough Whitlam
Relative Deprivation and Equity Theories
The Denial of Personal Discrimination
Working women in one survey knew well that women workers do not generally receive the rewards they deserve. But in most cases, the women appeared to imagine-quite erroneously-that they personally avoided sex discrimination. Ways to surmount the barriers are discussed
Stigma, Justice, and the Dilemma of Difference
Cognitive biases in the perception of discrimination: The importance of format
Male Sympathy with the Situation of Women: Does Personal Experience Make a Difference
Opinions and feelings about the situation of working women were assessed among a sample of men in high‐prestige and low‐prestige occupations interviewed in 1979 and 1980. The men varied considerably in how much sympathy they felt with working women. Men in high‐prestige occupations were reliably more aware of and upset about the true extent of sex discrimination than were men in low‐prestige occupations. Men's attitudes were not connected to the …
Postscript: The Nature of Connections
What commonalities appear among the richly diverse set of articles we present? What conclusions about the interface between personal life and social issues can be drawn from the theories and research findings contained in this issue? Some of the authors represented here (e.g., Elms; Stewart & Healy) have presented evidence for a social‐personal link, while others (e.g., Crosby & Herek; Tyler & McGraw) have demonstrated a discontinuity between the…
Introduction: The Search for Connections
Connections between the facts of people's personal circumstances and their judgments about social and political issues are often murky or invisible. This seems counterintuitive. The nature of social issues is such that most people in a particular society possess some information about them and, if pressed, will be able to offer an opinion concerning them; it would seem reasonable to assume that these opinions reflect the individual's personal cir…
Affirmative Action in Perspective
Spouse, Parent, Worker: On Gender and Multiple Roles
Affirmative Action and the Issue of Expectancies
The goal of affirmative action policies, the elimination of racial and sexual inequality, generates at least public agreement among most Americans, but affirmative action methods remain controversial, even among their intended beneficiaries. Affirmative action programs are criticized for reinforcing rather than dissolving racial and sexual barriers, and for making social categories salient. Further, if affirmative action programs appear to involv…
Extending the Moral Community: Logical and Psychological Dilemmas
Although the virtues of an extended moral community make it a valid and necessary goal, such an inclusive view also creates problems of a logical and psychological nature. Moral issues are thorny, and an expanded view of the moral community does not “solve” the basic thorny issues of morality. Instead, it puts some of these issues into high relief. This paper examines some of the dilemmas that confront us when we seek to extend our moral communit…
Visions and Revisions
Kurt Lewin Memorial Award, 1991: Eleanor E. Maccoby
Changing patterns of income among blacks and whites before and after executive order 11246
Closeness between female college students and their professors: A novel assessment technique
Psychology (50 works) · Sociology (40 works) · Social Psychology (31 works) · Political science (25 works) · Law (20 works) · Social Psychology (20 works) · Gender Diversity and Inequality (15 works) · Affirmative action (14 works) · Law (13 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (13 works)