Maurice Crul
Biographic Data
| ID | 638682 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Maurice Crul |
| GIVEN NAMES | Maurice |
| FAMILY NAME | Crul |
| SIGNATURE | CRUL M |
| AFFILIATIONS | Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2003-7826 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 49 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 802 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 45 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 4 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2002 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 12 |
Determinants of refugee children's language comprehension difficulties: Evidence from Lebanon, Türkiye and Australia
This article examines the determinants of Syrian refugee students' language comprehension difficulties in Lebanon, Türkiye and Australia, three host countries offering refugees different types of legal status (short-term, medium-term and long-term legal settlement). To understand the influence of legal status and its corresponding educational paradigm on the difficulties refugee children encounter when learning in a foreign language, the authors …
Navigating Social Boundaries and Belonging: People Without Migration Background in Majority–Minority Cities
This editorial introduces the articles in this thematic issue, which revolves around the ERC Advanced research project Becoming a Minority (BaM), carried out between 2018 and 2023. The aim of the project was to understand how people without a migration background think about and live in diversity. Through this aim, the BaM project has tried to advance our thinking about the concept of integration
Being an Ethnic Minority: Belonging Uncertainty of People Without a Migration Background
We delve into the implications of the national ethnic majority being a minority in local settings by examining their daily experiences when they find themselves outnumbered by other ethnic groups in their neighbourhood. Drawing on the theory of “belonging uncertainty,” this article explores the variety of ways in which people without a migration background cope with such situations. Belonging uncertainty is the feeling that “people like me do not…
Negotiating the Progressive Paradox: Middle‐Class Parents in Majority–Minority Primary Schools in Amsterdam
Across Western Europe, progressive issues take centre stage within integration debates and discourse. This article addresses the paradox middle‐class progressives get caught up in when arguing for openness towards diversity, while also expecting adaptation to the progressive “modern” norm on sexuality, especially from Muslim Others. Going beyond existing literature, this article demonstrates the understudied manifestations of this paradox in ever…
The Integration Into Diversity Paradox: Positive Attitudes Towards Diversity While Self‐Segregating in Practice
More and more people without a migration background are living in neighborhoods in large Western European cities where they form a numerical minority. This raises a new research question: Are they integrated in such diverse city contexts or do they live a segregated life? We developed the integration into diversity (ID) matrix to distinguish nine “integration into diversity positions” based on people’s positive or negative attitudes towards diver…
Defining Swedishness: When Swedes Without a Migration Background Are a Local Numerical Minority
In this study, we examine how people without a migration background living in majority–minority neighbourhoods in Malmö, Sweden, define national identity in daily life. This setting provides a look into the intersection between the dominant position these people occupy in the Swedish national context and the confrontation with ethnic diversity as a result of becoming a local numerical minority. We address articulations of what being Swedish means…
Integration into diversity theory renewing - once again - assimilation theory
Richard Alba has been at the forefront of renewing classicalassimilation theory based on empirical data on post-1960smigrants in the US. He focused on the assimilation of migrantgroups into the dominant non-Hispanic white majority group.This article − once again − rethinks assimilation theory. I arguethat the new demographic reality in majority-minority cities inEurope and North America necessitates a new research direction,entailing the developm…
Superdiversity a Concept or a Theory
Superdiversity. Migration and Social Complexity. Steven Vertovec. New York and London: Routledge, 2023. The concept of “superdiversity” developed by Steve Vertovec has been one of the most cited and discussed concepts in the field of migration and ethnic studies in the last 15 years. This is remarkable given that it is a concept and not a full-blown theory like Segmented Assimilation (Portes and Zhou 1993) or New Assimilation theory (Alba and Nee…
How do people without migration background experience and impact today's superdiverse cities
For over forty years researchers have studied the integration of migrants and their descendants in Western European cities. In the meantime, many of these cities have become majority minority cities, hence, cities in which an ethnic numerical majority no longer exists. This raises the question how the old majority group, the people of native descent, participates in and relates to these superdiverse cities. In this special issue, we raise long ov…
The bi-directional impact of a mixed union. People without a migration background in a union with a partner with a migration background
Of the BaM respondents in a relation, no less than a quarter is in a mixed union. We still know very little about the non-migrant partner in unions with a partner with a migration background, including their propensity to adopt the cultural practices of their partner, and their propensity to reach out and embrace ethnic diversity more generally. The growth of intimate relationships between people with and without a migration background in majorit…
Superdiversity, Young People, and Education
This chapter addresses the experiences and realities of young people who are studying in increasingly “superdiverse” educational institutions. It first provides a brief overview of the workings of superdiversity in the field of education, and then presents two case studies from two majority-minority cities in the Netherlands to illustrate how the concept of superdiversity can be used to overcome the homogenizing perspective that lumps students wi…
Signalling inclusion, increasing belonging: People without a migration background in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods
Many cities in Western Europe have become superdiverse. Yet, even if different ethnic groups live in the same neighbourhoods, they often do not interact. In particular, people without a migration background tend to segregate in multicultural cities and have little contact with people of other ethnic backgrounds. To receive a better understanding of mechanisms underlying processes of segregation in such neighbourhoods, we focus on contexts in whic…
Determinants of Refugee Children's Social Integration: Evidence from Lebanon, Turkey, and Australia
This paper investigates the determinants of refugee students' social integration in Lebanon, Turkey, and Australia. This paper seeks to understand how legal status and the corresponding length of refugee asylum shape refugee children's social integration. The three host countries offer refugees different legal statuses ranging from short-term in Lebanon, medium-term in Turkey, and long-term in Australia. Therefore, our data collection covers a sa…
Measuring the impact of diversity attitudes and practices of people without migration background on inclusion and exclusion in ethnically diverse contexts. Introducing the diversity attitudes and prac…
Assimilation and integration processes have been studied widely and for many years, mainly by looking at the attitudes and practices of people with migration background. This article focusses on the mirror group: the people without migration background. Based on a literature review we propose a new model, the Diversity Attitudes and Practices Impact (DAPI) scales, to assess the impact they have on inclusion and exclusion in ethnically diverse con…
Urban Space and Social Cognition: The Effect of Urban Space on Intergroup Perceptions
Cities and neighborhoods are key sites of migration-related diversity. Differences in lifestyle, class, ethnicity, or religion become visible in urban spaces, such as neighborhood bars, shops, or cafes. This article applies a social cognitive approach to explore how urban spaces shape the relationship between ethnic encounters and intergroup perceptions. Theoretical work on urbanism suggests that public and private spaces have different effects o…
How the Architecture of Housing Blocks Amplifies or Dampens Interethnic Tensions in Ethnically Diverse Neighbourhoods
This article explores how the architecture of neighbourhoods influences interethnic tensions in ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. We found that people of Dutch descent living in apartments in four storey walk-ups in ethnically diverse innercity neighbourhoods seem less likely to feel threatened by ethnic diversity than people living in in similarly diverse suburbs characterized by larger housing blocks featuring inner courtyards and galleries. F…
Refuge 36 (2) Special Issue: Refugee Children, Status, and Educational Attainment: A Comparative Lens
sur les rfugis soit cite
Reflection on the Education of Refugee Children: Beyond Reification and Emergency
Introduction
How the different policies and school systems affect the inclusion of Syrian refugee children in Sweden, Germany, Greece, Lebanon and Turkey
Since the war in Syria started in 2011, many children left their war-torn country, alone or together with their families, and fled to neighboring countries in the Middle East, to Turkey or to Europe. This article will compare how Syrian refugee children are included – or not - in school systems both in Europe (Sweden, Germany and Greece) and outside Europe (Turkey and Lebanon). These five countries represent very different ways of receiving child…
The Ability to Deal With Difference: Turkish-Dutch Professionals as Go-Betweens in the Education Sector
Based on sixteen semi-structured interviews, this article examines how second-generation Turkish-Dutch education professionals experience their professional position in the ethnically homogeneous upper echelons of the Dutch education sector. The analysis shows that second-generation education professionals, being newcomers to higher-level positions in the sector, have to engage with diverse cultural repertoires at work. Instead of being stuck in-…
Culture, Identity, Belonging, and School Success: Culture, Identity, Belonging, and School Success
The big puzzle of inequality in education is not that children of immigrant parents with low levels of formal education do not succeed in school; this is the expected outcome. More interesting is why some of these children succeed against all odds, or how what Bourdieu (1990) called cultural reproduction can be disrupted (Cooper et al., Chapter 5). Some researchers have looked at parental, school, and teacher factors, while others have emphasized…
Deconstructing and Reconstructing. Embracing Alternative Ways of Producing, Classifying and Disseminating Knowledge
In this short piece, we argue for a fundamental reconsideration and reorganization of knowledge production. Intellectual and cultural inequality are part and parcel of socioeconomic inequality. How can we create a better world if we are not clear about the premises behind the knowledge that we have about that world and how it is produced? We need to look carefully at what is silenced and what is said out loud; at what is obscured, hiding in plain…
A new angle to the assimilation debate in the US
With _"The Other Side of Assimilation"_ Jiménez provides an important and urgently needed new angle to the assimilation debate in the US. He investigates a key assumption of assimilation theory: assimilation as a two-way process in which both migrants and established groups will change through interacting with each other. In integration research, the urgency of looking at established groups in diverse cities is increasing, because in many cases t…
Grootse dromen, uitgekomen: Kansen en obstakels in de schoolloopbaan van alleenstaande minderjarige asielzoekers
Big dreams, did they come true? Opportunities and obstacles in the school trajectories of unaccompanied refugee minors While many unaccompanied minors deal with their precarious situation by focusing on school success, there is a lack of knowledge about the diversity of factors that hinder and stimulate their life trajectories, including their school career. This article focuses on the long term school trajectories of unaccompanied minors who wer…
Professionals Made in Germany: Employing a Turkish Migration Background in High-Status Positions
This article emphasises the experiences of the prospective elite among the second generation in Germany by analysing empirical data collected through in-depth interviews across three occupational fields (law, education and corporate business). In spite of their disadvantaged background, some children of lower educated migrant parents from Turkey managed to occupy prestigious leadership positions. Many use their ethnic capital in creative and stra…
Comparative integration context theory: Participation and belonging in new diverse European cities
Drawing upon results from the TIES survey on the second generation in eight European countries the authors propose a new perspective on integration or assimilation. The proposed comparative integration context theory argues that participation in social organizations and belonging to local communities across European cities is strongly dependent on the integration context. Differences in integration contexts include institutional arrangements in e…
The Second Generation in Europe
The study of integration processes has now reached a crucial stage in most Western European countries with the emergence of the second generation. The oldest children born to postwar immigrants on European soil have recently entered the job market, and we can now investigate their performance in both education and employment. This opens a unique opportunity to compare the situations of second generation migrants across countries. Ostensibly the c…
Super-diversity vs. assimilation: How complex diversity in majority–minority cities challenges the assumptions of assimilation
Children of immigrants nowadays no longer integrate into the majority group, but into a large amalgam of ethnic groups. Next to the diversification of ethnic groups, we see diversification within ethnic groups in the second and third generations. Crul focuses on intergenerational social mobility patterns given that they are key to existing grand theories of assimilation. He argues that super-diversity theory can only partially build an alternativ…
The Second Generation in Europe and the United States: How is the Transatlantic Debate Relevant for Further Research on the European Second Generation
This introductory paper to the special issue of JEMS on the second generation in Europe reviews some of the key themes underpinning the growing interest in the second generation, and asks what ‘integration’ actually means in contemporary debates about immigration and settlement. The authors attempt to place these debates within their specific national contexts, in particular by applying US-developed theories of second-generation integration to Eu…
The Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in the Netherlands: Divergent Trends between and Polarization within the Two Groups
This article examines the socioeconomic and sociocultural status of the second-generation Turkish young people in the Netherlands, comparing them to their Moroccan counterparts. The comparative perspective can better highlight the characteristic features of the Turkish second generation. The educational status of both the Turkish and the Moroccan young people is still weak, especially by comparison with their ethnic Dutch peers. The obstacles tha…
New insights into assimilation and integration theory: Introduction to the special issue
The multiplier effect: How the Accumulation of Cultural and Social Capital Explains Steep Upward Social Mobility of Children of Low-Educated Immigrants
textabstractWe introduce what we have coined the multiplier effect. We explain the steep upward mobility of children of low-educated immigrants by studying how they overcome obstacles on their regular pathway, via alternative routes or through loopholes in the education and labour market system. The idea of the multiplier effect is that they virtually propel themselves forward in their careers. Essential is that each successful step forward offer…
The Second Generation in Belgium
A growing proportion of second-generation Moroccan and Turkish youngsters in Belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond. This trend is greater among Moroccan youngsters than among their Turkish peers. Turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age, which inevitably affects their educational opportunities. Despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds, the educational gap with Be…
The upcoming new elite among children of immigrants: A Cross-Country and Cross-Sector Comparison
The European-born children of immigrants, often referred to as the second generation, play an important role in the academic debate about integration and assimilation. The successful second generation, defined in terms of possessing a higher education diploma and or professional position, receives increasing attention. In this special issue, we will look at the most successful group: the upcoming "elite" among the descendants of migrants from Tur…
How do people without migration background experience and impact today's superdiverse cities
For over forty years researchers have studied the integration of migrants and their descendants in Western European cities. In the meantime, many of these cities have become majority minority cities, hence, cities in which an ethnic numerical majority no longer exists. This raises the question how the old majority group, the people of native descent, participates in and relates to these superdiverse cities. In this special issue, we raise long ov…
How the different policies and school systems affect the inclusion of Syrian refugee children in Sweden, Germany, Greece, Lebanon and Turkey
Since the war in Syria started in 2011, many children left their war-torn country, alone or together with their families, and fled to neighboring countries in the Middle East, to Turkey or to Europe. This article will compare how Syrian refugee children are included – or not - in school systems both in Europe (Sweden, Germany and Greece) and outside Europe (Turkey and Lebanon). These five countries represent very different ways of receiving child…
Snakes and Ladders in Educational Systems: Access to Higher Education for Second-Generation Turks in Europe
Based on the first international standardised survey on the second generation in Europe, I compare the school trajectories of youth from the same origin group (parents born in Turkey), with the same starting position (born in Europe) and the same socio-economic status (parents with only modest educational credentials) in six European countries. The differences between countries are substantial. The opportunity to enter higher education is seven t…
Integration into diversity theory renewing - once again - assimilation theory
Richard Alba has been at the forefront of renewing classicalassimilation theory based on empirical data on post-1960smigrants in the US. He focused on the assimilation of migrantgroups into the dominant non-Hispanic white majority group.This article − once again − rethinks assimilation theory. I arguethat the new demographic reality in majority-minority cities inEurope and North America necessitates a new research direction,entailing the developm…
How to reach the top? Fields, forms of capital, and strategies in accessing leadership positions in France among descendants of migrants from Turkey
textabstractThis article explores the experiences of highly educated descendants of migrants from Turkey when achieving leading positions in the corporate business, education, and law sectors in France. It illustrates the forms of capital and strategies that are considered significant for accessing leadership positions in these sectors, and how experiences vary across different fields. Our research illuminates the various strategies pursued by de…
Discrimination of Second-Generation Professionals in Leadership Positions
This article, based on interviews from the Dutch Pathways to Success Project, investigates how Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch second-generation professionals in leadership positions experience and deal with subtle discrimination at work. We argue that subtle discrimination in organizations remains a reality for second-generation professionals in leadership positions. Because organizations are penetrated by power processes in society at large, t…
Success against the Odds: Educational pathways of disadvantaged second-generation Turks in France and the Netherlands
By drawing on comparative analyses of successful second-generation Turks from disadvantaged family backgrounds in France and the Netherlands, this article examines pathways and mechanisms that lead to educational success against the backdrop of structural and familial disadvantages. We foreground the experiences and practices of successful second-generation Turks in both countries and demonstrate the importance of institutional arrangements and t…
A new angle to the assimilation debate in the US
With _"The Other Side of Assimilation"_ Jiménez provides an important and urgently needed new angle to the assimilation debate in the US. He investigates a key assumption of assimilation theory: assimilation as a two-way process in which both migrants and established groups will change through interacting with each other. In integration research, the urgency of looking at established groups in diverse cities is increasing, because in many cases t…
Family involvement and educational success of the children of immigrants in Europe. Comparative perspectives
Recent literature has emphasised the importance of family involvement within immigrant families in determining their children’s educational pathways. On the one hand, the focus on family involvement and the transmission of familial resources becomes more important when disentangling ethnic educational inequalities for second-generation youth. On the other hand, particular practices of family involvement seem to counterbalance disadvantaged origin…
Negotiating the Progressive Paradox: Middle‐Class Parents in Majority–Minority Primary Schools in Amsterdam
Across Western Europe, progressive issues take centre stage within integration debates and discourse. This article addresses the paradox middle‐class progressives get caught up in when arguing for openness towards diversity, while also expecting adaptation to the progressive “modern” norm on sexuality, especially from Muslim Others. Going beyond existing literature, this article demonstrates the understudied manifestations of this paradox in ever…
Passing the torch to a new generation: Educational support types and the second generation in the Netherlands
This study is based on 86 in-depth interviews with second-generation people of Turkish and Moroccan background in the Netherlands who have achieved upward educational mobility. We used an inductive approach to analyze their perceptions with respect to received parental educational support and the educational support they provided to the younger generation. House’s (1981) social support typology was applied combined with a body of literature on im…
The bi-directional impact of a mixed union. People without a migration background in a union with a partner with a migration background
Of the BaM respondents in a relation, no less than a quarter is in a mixed union. We still know very little about the non-migrant partner in unions with a partner with a migration background, including their propensity to adopt the cultural practices of their partner, and their propensity to reach out and embrace ethnic diversity more generally. The growth of intimate relationships between people with and without a migration background in majorit…
Reflection on the Education of Refugee Children: Beyond Reification and Emergency
Introduction
Strangers no more. Debunking major theoretical assumptions
Alba and Foner's volume is an important contribution to the transatlantic dialog. In the paper I especially focus on the presented labour market outcomes in the first generation and the accomplishments of the second generation in education. What do these outcomes tell us about integration and assimilation patterns across countries? Alba and Foner's overall conclusion is that neither the theory of national integration models nor the theory of sett…
The Integration Into Diversity Paradox: Positive Attitudes Towards Diversity While Self‐Segregating in Practice
More and more people without a migration background are living in neighborhoods in large Western European cities where they form a numerical minority. This raises a new research question: Are they integrated in such diverse city contexts or do they live a segregated life? We developed the integration into diversity (ID) matrix to distinguish nine “integration into diversity positions” based on people’s positive or negative attitudes towards diver…
Determinants of Refugee Children's Social Integration: Evidence from Lebanon, Turkey, and Australia
This paper investigates the determinants of refugee students' social integration in Lebanon, Turkey, and Australia. This paper seeks to understand how legal status and the corresponding length of refugee asylum shape refugee children's social integration. The three host countries offer refugees different legal statuses ranging from short-term in Lebanon, medium-term in Turkey, and long-term in Australia. Therefore, our data collection covers a sa…
Success Breeds Success. Moroccan and Turkish Student Mentors in the Netherlands
The Second Generation in Europe
The study of integration processes has now reached a crucial stage in most Western European countries with the emergence of the second generation. The oldest children born to postwar immigrants on European soil have recently entered the job market, and we can now investigate their performance in both education and employment. This opens a unique opportunity to compare the situations of second generation migrants across countries. Ostensibly the c…
The Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in the Netherlands: Divergent Trends between and Polarization within the Two Groups
This article examines the socioeconomic and sociocultural status of the second-generation Turkish young people in the Netherlands, comparing them to their Moroccan counterparts. The comparative perspective can better highlight the characteristic features of the Turkish second generation. The educational status of both the Turkish and the Moroccan young people is still weak, especially by comparison with their ethnic Dutch peers. The obstacles tha…
The Second Generation in Belgium
A growing proportion of second-generation Moroccan and Turkish youngsters in Belgium are moving on to higher secondary education and beyond. This trend is greater among Moroccan youngsters than among their Turkish peers. Turkish girls in particular are still married off at a young age, which inevitably affects their educational opportunities. Despite higher participation rates for youngsters from immigrant backgrounds, the educational gap with Be…
Migrations, integration, discriminations
The Second Generation in Europe and the United States: How is the Transatlantic Debate Relevant for Further Research on the European Second Generation
This introductory paper to the special issue of JEMS on the second generation in Europe reviews some of the key themes underpinning the growing interest in the second generation, and asks what ‘integration’ actually means in contemporary debates about immigration and settlement. The authors attempt to place these debates within their specific national contexts, in particular by applying US-developed theories of second-generation integration to Eu…
The Position of the Turkish and Moroccan Second Generation in Amsterdam and Rotterdam: The Ties Study in the Netherlands
is a collaborative and comparative research project on the descendants of immigrants from Turkey, the former Yugoslavia and Morocco who live across eight European countries: Austria, Belgium, France
Comparative integration context theory: Participation and belonging in new diverse European cities
Drawing upon results from the TIES survey on the second generation in eight European countries the authors propose a new perspective on integration or assimilation. The proposed comparative integration context theory argues that participation in social organizations and belonging to local communities across European cities is strongly dependent on the integration context. Differences in integration contexts include institutional arrangements in e…
New insights into assimilation and integration theory: Introduction to the special issue
The European Second Generation Compared: Does the Integration Context Matter?
The European Second Generation Compared: Does the Integration Context Matter
Integration of newcomers is a foremost challenge for contemporary Europe. The 'second generation' - children born of immigrant parentage - is crucial in this process, for they constitute a growing and increasingly vocal segment of the metropolitan youth. This book offers an unprecedented look at the real-life place and position of the European second generation in education, labour, social relations, religion and identity formation. Using data co…
European Second Generation Compared: Does the Integration Context Matter
One of the foremost challenges for contemporary Europe is the integration of new immigrants and their children. The second generation constitutes a rapidly growing and highly visible group of metropolitan youth that faces the dilemma of navigating their ethnic identities in a world that puts a premium on assimilation. This volume examines the lives of the second generation in fifteen European cities, from their educational background to their pro…
Success against the Odds: Educational pathways of disadvantaged second-generation Turks in France and the Netherlands
By drawing on comparative analyses of successful second-generation Turks from disadvantaged family backgrounds in France and the Netherlands, this article examines pathways and mechanisms that lead to educational success against the backdrop of structural and familial disadvantages. We foreground the experiences and practices of successful second-generation Turks in both countries and demonstrate the importance of institutional arrangements and t…
Snakes and Ladders in Educational Systems: Access to Higher Education for Second-Generation Turks in Europe
Based on the first international standardised survey on the second generation in Europe, I compare the school trajectories of youth from the same origin group (parents born in Turkey), with the same starting position (born in Europe) and the same socio-economic status (parents with only modest educational credentials) in six European countries. The differences between countries are substantial. The opportunity to enter higher education is seven t…
Theorising Integration and Assimilation
Selected Contents: 1. New insights into assimilation and integration theory Jens Schneider and Maurice Crul (Universiteit van Amsterdam) 2. The Complexities and Confusions of Segmented Assimilation Alex Stepick and Carol Dutton Stepick (Florida International University) 3. Segmented Assimilation Revisited: Types of Acculturation and Socioeconomic Mobility in Young Adulthood Mary C. Waters and Van Tran (Harvard University), Philip Kasinitz and Joh…
Wessendorf, Susanne: Second-Generation Transnationalism and Roots Migration. Cross-Border Lives
Anthropos , Seite 351 - 352
Passing the torch to a new generation: Educational support types and the second generation in the Netherlands
This study is based on 86 in-depth interviews with second-generation people of Turkish and Moroccan background in the Netherlands who have achieved upward educational mobility. We used an inductive approach to analyze their perceptions with respect to received parental educational support and the educational support they provided to the younger generation. House’s (1981) social support typology was applied combined with a body of literature on im…
Family involvement and educational success of the children of immigrants in Europe. Comparative perspectives
Recent literature has emphasised the importance of family involvement within immigrant families in determining their children’s educational pathways. On the one hand, the focus on family involvement and the transmission of familial resources becomes more important when disentangling ethnic educational inequalities for second-generation youth. On the other hand, particular practices of family involvement seem to counterbalance disadvantaged origin…
Discrimination of Second-Generation Professionals in Leadership Positions
This article, based on interviews from the Dutch Pathways to Success Project, investigates how Turkish-Dutch and Moroccan-Dutch second-generation professionals in leadership positions experience and deal with subtle discrimination at work. We argue that subtle discrimination in organizations remains a reality for second-generation professionals in leadership positions. Because organizations are penetrated by power processes in society at large, t…
Super-diversity vs. assimilation: How complex diversity in majority–minority cities challenges the assumptions of assimilation
Children of immigrants nowadays no longer integrate into the majority group, but into a large amalgam of ethnic groups. Next to the diversification of ethnic groups, we see diversification within ethnic groups in the second and third generations. Crul focuses on intergenerational social mobility patterns given that they are key to existing grand theories of assimilation. He argues that super-diversity theory can only partially build an alternativ…
Strangers no more. Debunking major theoretical assumptions
Alba and Foner's volume is an important contribution to the transatlantic dialog. In the paper I especially focus on the presented labour market outcomes in the first generation and the accomplishments of the second generation in education. What do these outcomes tell us about integration and assimilation patterns across countries? Alba and Foner's overall conclusion is that neither the theory of national integration models nor the theory of sett…
Grootse dromen, uitgekomen: Kansen en obstakels in de schoolloopbaan van alleenstaande minderjarige asielzoekers
Big dreams, did they come true? Opportunities and obstacles in the school trajectories of unaccompanied refugee minors While many unaccompanied minors deal with their precarious situation by focusing on school success, there is a lack of knowledge about the diversity of factors that hinder and stimulate their life trajectories, including their school career. This article focuses on the long term school trajectories of unaccompanied minors who wer…
Professionals Made in Germany: Employing a Turkish Migration Background in High-Status Positions
This article emphasises the experiences of the prospective elite among the second generation in Germany by analysing empirical data collected through in-depth interviews across three occupational fields (law, education and corporate business). In spite of their disadvantaged background, some children of lower educated migrant parents from Turkey managed to occupy prestigious leadership positions. Many use their ethnic capital in creative and stra…
How to reach the top? Fields, forms of capital, and strategies in accessing leadership positions in France among descendants of migrants from Turkey
textabstractThis article explores the experiences of highly educated descendants of migrants from Turkey when achieving leading positions in the corporate business, education, and law sectors in France. It illustrates the forms of capital and strategies that are considered significant for accessing leadership positions in these sectors, and how experiences vary across different fields. Our research illuminates the various strategies pursued by de…
The upcoming new elite among children of immigrants: A Cross-Country and Cross-Sector Comparison
The European-born children of immigrants, often referred to as the second generation, play an important role in the academic debate about integration and assimilation. The successful second generation, defined in terms of possessing a higher education diploma and or professional position, receives increasing attention. In this special issue, we will look at the most successful group: the upcoming "elite" among the descendants of migrants from Tur…
Sociology (42 works) · Political science (39 works) · Migration and Labor Dynamics (22 works) · Migration, Refugees, and Integration (21 works) · Ethnic group (20 works) · Economics (18 works) · Geography (18 works) · Law (18 works) · Immigration (15 works) · Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy (15 works)