Gregory A Keoleian
Biographic Data
| ID | 6390288 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gregory A Keoleian |
| GIVEN NAMES | Gregory A |
| FAMILY NAME | Keoleian |
| SIGNATURE | KEOLEIAN G A |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Michigan |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-7096-1304 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 42 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 42 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1998 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Total cost of ownership of electric and gasoline used vehicles
We assess the total cost of ownership (TCO) of internal combustion engine (ICEV), hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs) in the United States. As previous studies have shown, we find that current new BEVs, with some exceptions for smaller or shorter-range vehicles, have a higher TCO than conventional alternatives. However, we also present the first comparative analysis of the TCO of used vehicles, which make up …
US graphite sourcing for electric vehicle battery applications
Graphite is a key material in electric vehicle batteries. Currently, China dominates global graphite production, and US sourcing of graphite could mitigate geopolitical supply‐chain risk. We explore the feasibility of domestic natural graphite sourcing in North America by characterizing current deposits and modeling the expected demand from 2025 to 2040. The United States has 19 Mt of measured and inferred graphite resources in four deposits, and…
Electric and gasoline vehicle total cost of ownership across US cities
Vehicle electrification can significantly decarbonize the transportation sector. Widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) depends on their cost relative to conventional alternatives. Here we compare the total cost of ownership (TCO) of gasoline, hybrid, and electric vehicles. First, we review previous TCO studies, showing that the components (e.g., purchase price, financing, taxes, fees, insurance, refueling, maintenance, repair, and home c…
Mapping electric vehicle impacts
The transition to electric vehicles (EVs) will impact the climate, the environment, and society in highly significant ways. This study compares EVs to vehicles with internal combustion engines for three major areas: greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs), fuel costs, and transportation energy burden (i.e. percentage of income spent on vehicle fuels). Excluded in the analysis is the purchase cost of the vehicles themselves. The results reveal that over 9…
Regional analysis of aluminum and steel flows into the American automotive industry
Aluminum and steel represent the two most dominant metals in light‐duty vehicles, yet the flows of these materials into the American automotive industry have not been well characterized. This study proposes and implements a method for analyzing the flow of these metals into the automotive industry. We create a framework for performing regionally linked, sector‐specific material flow analyses and use this framework to trace flows of aluminum and s…
Optimizing future cost and emissions of electric delivery vehicles
Electrification of delivery vehicles will play an important role in decarbonizing the transportation sector. As electricity‐generating technologies vary regionally and temporally, where electric vehicles are deployed and when they are charged will determine the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and cost consequences of delivery vehicle electrification. We couple a vehicle charging model with a dataset that provides hourly projections of marginal ele…
The role of pickup truck electrification in the decarbonization of light-duty vehicles
Electrification can reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of light-duty vehicles. Previous studies have focused on comparing battery electric vehicle (BEV) sedans to their conventional internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) counterparts. We extend the analysis to different vehicle classes by conducting a cradle-to-grave life cycle GHG assessment of model year 2020 ICEV, HEV, and BEV sedans, sports utility v…
Circular economy framework for automobiles
Corporations, including automotive manufacturers, are increasingly exploring extended circular economy strategies as a means to enhance the sustainability of their products. The circular economy paradigm focuses on reducing nonrenewable materials and energy, promoting renewable feedstocks and energy, and keeping products/materials in use across the life cycle of a system. As such, life cycle environmental burdens associated with vehicle manufactu…
Plastics in the US
Managing plastics has become a focal issue of the Anthropocene. Developments in plastic materials have made possible many of the technologies and conveniences that define our modern life. Yet, plastics are accumulating in landfills and natural environments, impacting resource utilization and ecosystem function. Solutions to these rising problems will require action and coordination across all stages of plastics value chains. Here, we offer the fi…
Understanding Ridesourcing Mobility and the Future of Electrification
The development of mobile Internet, smartphones, and location-based services has enabled ridesourcing, which pools vehicles and drivers to provide on-demand travel services. As an alternative transportation option, ridesourcing has significant impacts on urban travel. However, the unique mobility pattern of ridesourcing and its impact on vehicle electrification have not been well studied. To address this gap, this paper presents a comparative, bi…
Mapping the Influence of Food Waste in Food Packaging Environmental Performance Assessments
Scrutiny of food packaging environmental impacts has led to a variety of sustainability directives, but has largely focused on the direct impacts of materials. A growing awareness of the impacts of food waste warrants a recalibration of packaging environmental assessment to include the indirect effects due to influences on food waste. In this study, we model 13 food products and their typical packaging formats through a consistent life cycle asse…
Decision Support Algorithm for Evaluating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Electricity Generation in the United States
This article presents an algorithm to aid practitioners in determining the most appropriate method to estimate carbon dioxide emissions from an electricity load. Applications include sustainability assessments of products, processes, energy efficiency improvements, changes in generation infrastructure, and changes in electricity demand. Currently, there is no consensus on appropriate methods for calculating greenhouse gas emissions resulting from…
Greenhouse gas emissions and energy use associated with production of individual self-selected US diets
Human food systems are a key contributor to climate change and other environmental concerns. While the environmental impacts of diets have been evaluated at the aggregate level, few studies, and none for the US, have focused on individual self-selected diets. Such work is essential for estimating a distribution of impacts, which, in turn, is key to recommending policies for driving consumer demand towards lower environmental impacts. To estimate …
When Comparing Alternative Fuel‐Vehicle Systems, Life Cycle Assessment Studies Should Consider Trends in Oil Production
Petroleum from unconventional reserves is making an increasingly important contribution to the transportation fuel supply, but is generally more expensive and has greater environmental burdens than petroleum from conventional sources. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) of alternative fuel‐vehicle technologies typically consider conventional internal combustion engine vehicles fueled by gasoline produced from the average petroleum slate used in refiner…
Integrated Life Cycle Assessment and Life Cycle Cost Model for Comparing Plug‐in versus Wireless Charging for an Electric Bus System
An integrated life cycle assessment and life cycle cost (LCC) model was developed to compare the life cycle performance of plug‐in charging versus wireless charging for an electric bus system. The model was based on a bus system simulation using existing transit bus routes in the Ann Arbor–Ypsilanti metro area in Michigan. The objective is to evaluate the LCCs for an all‐electric bus system utilizing either plug‐in or wireless charging and also c…
Replacement policy of residential lighting optimized for cost, energy, and greenhouse gas emissions
Accounting for 10% of the electricity consumption in the US, artificial lighting represents one of the easiest ways to cut household energy bills and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by upgrading to energy-efficient technologies such as compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diodes (LED). However, given the high initial cost and rapidly improving trajectory of solid-state lighting today, estimating the right time to switch over to LEDs …
Life Cycle Impacts of Natural Fiber Composites for Automotive Applications
This study examines the life cycle energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with substituting natural cellulose and kenaf in place of glass fibers in automotive components. Specifically, a 30 wt% glass‐fiber composite component weighing 3 kilograms (kg) was compared to a 30 wt% cellulose fiber composite component (2.65 kg) and 40 wt% kenaf fiber composite component (2.79 kg) for six cars, crossovers, and sport utility vehicles.…
Response to Comment on “Using Nested Average Electricity Allocation Protocols …”
Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Siting
According to previous studies, the life cycle energy intensity of an offshore wind farm (OWF) varies between 0.03 and 0.13 megawatt‐hours (MWh) of primary energy for each MWh of electricity generated. The variation in these life cycle energy intensity studies, after normalizing for capacity factor and life span, is significantly affected by OWF location because of geographical properties, namely, wind speed and water depth. To improve OWF siting,…
Using Nested Average Electricity Allocation Protocols to Characterize Electrical Grids in Life Cycle Assessment
This study explored the impacts of electricity allocation protocols on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electricity consumption. The selection of appropriate electricity allocation protocols, methodologies that assign pools of electricity generators to electricity consumers, has not been well standardized. This can lead to very different environmental profiles of similar, electricity‐intensive processes. In an effort to better rep…
Emissions reduction benefits of siting an offshore wind farm
Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates of U.S. Dietary Choices and Food Loss
Dietary behavioral choices have a strong effect on the environmental impact associated with the food system. Here, we consider the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production of food that is lost at the retail and consumer level, as well as the potential effects on GHG emissions of a shift to dietary recommendations. Calculations are based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) food availability data set and literature meta‐…
Evaluation of a Regional Approach to Standards for Plug‐in Battery Electric Vehicles in Future Light‐Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations
Representing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to plug‐in electric vehicles (PEV) in vehicle GHG emissions regulations is complex because of spatial and temporal variation in fueling sources and vehicle use. Previous work has shown that the environmental performance of PEVs significantly varies depending on the characteristics of the electricity grid and how the vehicle is driven. This article evaluates the U.S. Environmental Protec…
Impact of Updated Material Production Data in the GREET Life Cycle Model
The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model developed by Argonne National Laboratory quantifies the life cycle energy consumption and air emissions resulting from the production and use of light‐duty vehicles in the United States. GREET is comprised of two components: GREET 1 represents the fuel cycle of various energy carriers, including automotive fuels, and GREET 2 represents the vehicle cycle, whi…
Evaluation of Life Cycle Assessment Recycling Allocation Methods
Life cycle assessment practitioners struggle to accurately allocate environmental burdens of metals recycling, including the temporal dimension of environmental impacts. We analyze four approaches for calculating aluminum greenhouse gas emissions: the recycled content (RC) or cut‐off approach, which assumes that demand for recycled content displaces primary production; end‐of‐life recycling (EOLR), which assumes that postuse recycling displaces p…
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Is Environmental Improvement in Automotive Component Design Highly Constrained
This article investigates the influence of environmental, cost, and performance requirements on the design and management of automotive components through a case study involving instrument panels. To address the question of whether the environmental improvement of an instrument panel (IP) is highly constrained, a lifecycle inventory analysis is used to characterize the major environmental burdens associated with a generic IP defined from an avera…
Guidance for Improving Life‐Cycle Design and Management of Milk Packaging
Life‐cycle inventory and cost‐analysis tools applied to milk packaging offer guidelines for achieving better environmental design and management of these systems. Life‐cycle solid waste, energy, and costs were analyzed for seven systems including single‐use and refillable glass bottles, single‐use and refillable high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles, paperboard gable‐top cartons, linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) flexible pouches, and po…
Life‐Cycle Energy, Costs, and Strategies for Improving a Single‐Family House
The life‐cycle energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and costs of a contemporary 2,450 sq ft (228 m 3 ) U.S. residential home (the standard home, or SH) were evaluated to study opportunities for conserving energy throughout pre‐use (materials production and construction), use (including maintenance and improvement), and demolition phases. Home construction and maintenance materials and appliances were inventoried totaling 306 metric tons. The use pha…
Digital versus Print
Advances in digital technology and the growth of information networks are revolutionizing human activity. The Internet has been championed as a new tool for environmental improvement. A life‐cycle energy analysis of digital libraries, a growing application of information technology, was conducted to test this premise. Life‐cycle models were compared for journal collections in digital and traditional formats. The basis for analysis was the amount …
The Value of Remanufactured Engines
Remanufacturing restores used automotive engines to like‐new condition, providing engines that are functionally equivalent to a new engine at much lower environmental and economic costs than the manufacture of a new engine. A life‐cycle assessment (LCA) model was developed to investigate the energy savings and pollution prevention that are achieved in the United States through remanufacturing a midsized automotive gasoline engine compared to an o…
Dynamic Modeling of In‐Use Cement Stocks in the United States
A dynamic substance‐flow model is developed to characterize the stocks and flows of cement utilized during the 20th century in the United States, using the generic cement life cycle as a systems boundary. The motivation for estimating historical inventories of cement stocks and flows is to provide accurate estimates of contemporary cement in‐use stocks in U.S. infrastructure and future discards to relevant stakeholders in U.S. infrastructure, suc…
Megaquarry versus decentralized mineral production
Greenhouse Gas Emissions Payback for Lightweighted Vehicles Using Aluminum and High‐Strength Steel
In this article we consider interactions between life cycle emissions and materials flows associated with lightweighting (LW) automobiles. Both aluminum and high‐strength steel (HSS) lightweighting are considered, with LW ranging from 6% to 23% on the basis of literature references and input from industry experts. We compare the increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with producing lightweight vehicles with the saved emissions duri…
The impact of ‘Cash for Clunkers’ on greenhouse gas emissions
One of the goals of the US Consumer Assistance to Recycle and Save (CARS) Act of 2009, more commonly known as 'Cash for Clunkers', was to improve the US vehicle fleet fuel efficiency. Previous studies of the program's environmental impact have focused mainly on the effect of improved fuel economy, and the resulting reductions in fuel use and emissions during the vehicle use phase. We propose and apply a method for analyzing the net effect of CARS…
Quantifying U.S. aluminum in-use stocks and their relationship with economic output
Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction From Rigid Thermal Insulation Use in Buildings
Consequential Life Cycle Assessment With Market-Driven Design
Global Lithium Availability
Economic Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction by Vehicle Lightweighting Using Aluminum and High-Strength Steel
Evaluation of the Metals Industry's Position on Recycling and its Implications for Environmental Emissions
A healthy debate on the treatment of metals recycling in the life cycle assessment (LCA) community has persisted for more than a decade. While no clear consensus across stakeholder groups has emerged, the metals industry has endorsed a set of recycling “facts” that support a single approach, end‐of‐life recycling, for evaluating the environmental benefits of metals recycling. In this article we draw from research conducted in several disciplines …
Fuel Economy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Labeling for Plug‐In Hybrid Vehicles from a Life Cycle Perspective
Fuel economy has been an effective indicator of vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for conventional gasoline‐powered vehicles due to the strong relationship between fuel economy and vehicle life cycle emissions. However, fuel economy is not as accurate an indicator of vehicle GHG emissions for plug‐in hybrid (PHEVs) and pure battery electric vehicles (EVs). Current vehicle labeling efforts by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and…
Evaluation of Life Cycle Assessment Recycling Allocation Methods
Life cycle assessment practitioners struggle to accurately allocate environmental burdens of metals recycling, including the temporal dimension of environmental impacts. We analyze four approaches for calculating aluminum greenhouse gas emissions: the recycled content (RC) or cut‐off approach, which assumes that demand for recycled content displaces primary production; end‐of‐life recycling (EOLR), which assumes that postuse recycling displaces p…
An assessment of two environmental and economic benefits of ‘Cash for Clunkers’
Impact of Updated Material Production Data in the GREET Life Cycle Model
The Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET) model developed by Argonne National Laboratory quantifies the life cycle energy consumption and air emissions resulting from the production and use of light‐duty vehicles in the United States. GREET is comprised of two components: GREET 1 represents the fuel cycle of various energy carriers, including automotive fuels, and GREET 2 represents the vehicle cycle, whi…
Greenhouse Gas Emission Estimates of U.S. Dietary Choices and Food Loss
Dietary behavioral choices have a strong effect on the environmental impact associated with the food system. Here, we consider the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with production of food that is lost at the retail and consumer level, as well as the potential effects on GHG emissions of a shift to dietary recommendations. Calculations are based on the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA) food availability data set and literature meta‐…
Evaluation of a Regional Approach to Standards for Plug‐in Battery Electric Vehicles in Future Light‐Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Regulations
Representing the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions attributable to plug‐in electric vehicles (PEV) in vehicle GHG emissions regulations is complex because of spatial and temporal variation in fueling sources and vehicle use. Previous work has shown that the environmental performance of PEVs significantly varies depending on the characteristics of the electricity grid and how the vehicle is driven. This article evaluates the U.S. Environmental Protec…
Life Cycle Impacts of Natural Fiber Composites for Automotive Applications
This study examines the life cycle energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with substituting natural cellulose and kenaf in place of glass fibers in automotive components. Specifically, a 30 wt% glass‐fiber composite component weighing 3 kilograms (kg) was compared to a 30 wt% cellulose fiber composite component (2.65 kg) and 40 wt% kenaf fiber composite component (2.79 kg) for six cars, crossovers, and sport utility vehicles.…
Response to Comment on “Using Nested Average Electricity Allocation Protocols …”
Life Cycle Assessment of Offshore Wind Farm Siting
According to previous studies, the life cycle energy intensity of an offshore wind farm (OWF) varies between 0.03 and 0.13 megawatt‐hours (MWh) of primary energy for each MWh of electricity generated. The variation in these life cycle energy intensity studies, after normalizing for capacity factor and life span, is significantly affected by OWF location because of geographical properties, namely, wind speed and water depth. To improve OWF siting,…
Using Nested Average Electricity Allocation Protocols to Characterize Electrical Grids in Life Cycle Assessment
This study explored the impacts of electricity allocation protocols on the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of electricity consumption. The selection of appropriate electricity allocation protocols, methodologies that assign pools of electricity generators to electricity consumers, has not been well standardized. This can lead to very different environmental profiles of similar, electricity‐intensive processes. In an effort to better rep…
Engineering (35 works) · Environmental Science (31 works) · Economics (26 works) · Greenhouse gas (21 works) · Life-cycle assessment (17 works) · Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies (16 works) · Environmental Impact and Sustainability (16 works) · Environmental economics (15 works) · Business (14 works) · Waste management (14 works)