Mark D Ramirez
Biographic Data
| ID | 643290 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Mark D Ramirez |
| GIVEN NAMES | Mark D |
| FAMILY NAME | Ramirez |
| SIGNATURE | RAMIREZ M D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Arizona State University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-0988-2746 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 32 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 410 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 32 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
How Cross-Cutting Ties Reduce Affective Polarization: Evidence from Latino Americans
Feminist identity is associated with positive Covid-19 vaccine behaviors and beliefs
In this article, we consider the potential associations between feminist identity and willingness to adopt vaccine-related COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Recognizing that individuals’ pandemic experiences were highly gendered and that the costs of the pandemic were distributed asymmetrically between men and women, we theorize that individuals espousing a commitment to feminist ideals were more likely to adopt behaviors intended to mitigate disease …
Authoritarian Opposition? Authoritarian Disposition and Resistance to Public Health Mitigation Strategies During Covid-19
Government restrictions intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19—such as “lockdowns,” mask mandates, and vaccine passports—produced intense resentment among some groups and led to resistance, defiance, and social unrest in many countries. To better understand the roots of this opposition, we examine the role of dispositional authoritarianism as a psychological motivator of participation in anti-restriction protests and support for the groups t…
Evaluating the Effect of Descriptive Norms on Political Tolerance
Recent scholarship has documented changing norms toward political tolerance and an increase in intolerant beliefs in the United States. Descriptive norm theory attributes attitudinal and behavioral changes to beliefs about how we perceive other people think and act. Applied to political tolerance, increasing the perception that society is more or less tolerant should result in corresponding changes among individuals. Neglected from this discussio…
Promoting Covid-19 vaccine confidence through public responses to misinformation: The joint influence of message source and message content
OBJECTIVE: During the pandemic healthcare professionals and political leaders routinely used traditional and new media outlets to publicly respond to COVID-19 myths and inaccuracies. We examine how variations in the sources and messaging strategies of these public statements affect respondents’ beliefs about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: We analyzed the results of an experiment embedded within a multi-wave survey deployed to US and UK…
What’s in a Campaign Logo? Exploring Differences in Candidate Self-Presentation through Campaign Logos
Differences in how candidates present themselves to voters is a key concern for scholars of campaigns and elections. Candidate advertisements, speeches, and websites form the basis of our knowledge on the subject, but ignore some of the most pervasive and discernible features of political campaigns: campaign logos featured on signage, stickers, apparel, buttons, websites, and advertisements. This study provides a descriptive examination of gender…
The effects of dehumanizing language on public opinion toward federal and “for-profit” immigrant detention
Both the “for-profit” nature and dehumanizing conditions of immigration detention centers has ignited an intense public debate on the use of immigration detention centers. Although prior research indicates that the framing of public policies can significantly shape public opinion, it is unclear how the “for-profit” nature of immigration detention centers, and the use of dehumanizing language, shapes public support for these facilities. This study…
Response to Richard C. Fording and Sanford Schram’s Review of Ignored Racism: White Animus Toward Latinos
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Unmasking the American death penalty debate: Race, context, and citizens’ willingness to execute
Research on public attitudes toward the death penalty has yet to systematically examine the role of race in the context of offense‐related attributes. This study uses a conjoint experiment randomly exposing a sample of 500 U.S. adults to different pairings of capital offenders to test the role of both offender and offense‐related attributes on beliefs about death penalty deservingness. The results show offense‐related factors play a significant r…
Ignored Racism: White Animus Toward Latinos
Although Latinos are now the largest non-majority group in the United States, existing research on white attitudes toward Latinos has focused almost exclusively on attitudes toward immigration. This book changes that. It argues that such accounts fundamentally underestimate the political power of whites' animus toward Latinos and thus miss how conflict extends well beyond immigration to issues such as voting rights, criminal punishment, policing,…
Understanding public blame attributions when private contractors are responsible for civilian casualties
Public Attitudes toward Private Military Companies: Insights from Principal–agent Theory
This article examines the distribution and correlates of mass attitudes toward the privatization of US military operations. Relying on insights from principal–agent theory, we form predictions about what beliefs are associated with a willingness to grant authority over military operations to private military companies (PMCs). The model predicts that citizens’ beliefs about actor motives, accountability, and costs are associated with attitudes tow…
Does Political Sophistication Minimize Value Conflict? Evidence from a Heteroskedastic Graded IRT Model of Opinions toward Climate Change
When citizens hold multiple values relevant to their policy opinions, they might experience value conflict, value reconciliation or make a value trade-off. Yet, it is unclear which individuals are able to manage their multiple values in these ways. We posit a sophistication-interaction theory of value pluralism where the most politically sophisticated individuals are able to reconcile the existence of multiple values, thus increasing the stabilit…
Privatizing Punishment: Testing Theories of Public Support for Private Prison and Immigration Detention Facilities
The transfer of authority over the supervision of inmate populations from state and federal governments to private corporations is one of the most significant contemporary developments in the criminal justice system. Yet, the controversy surrounding the private prison industry has occurred in U.S. criminal justice policy circles without any understanding of the public's preferences toward these institutions. In this article, we test several theor…
Beliefs About Corporate America and the Structure of Opinions Toward Privatization
Exploring the Microfoundations of the Gender Equality Peace Hypothesis
Previous studies suggest that patriarchal structures and rigid gender hierarchies at the societal level increase a country’s propensity for involvement in violent social and political conflict. While examining macrolevel predictors and outcomes, the arguments put forth in these studies rely heavily on theories linking individuals’ attitudes toward gender equality to individuals’ beliefs in the appropriateness of violence as a means of attaining p…
African Americans’ Principled Opposition to Prison Privatization
This research analyzes African American opposition toward privatized prisons. It uses data from a national survey of African Americans to show that concerns about safety and corruption correlate with opposition to private prison facilities. Perceptions of discrimination within the justice system also correlate with opposition toward privatization, but only among African Americans who perceive a sense of common fate with other African Americans. A…
Racial Discrimination, Fear of Crime, and Variability in Blacks’ Preferences for Punitive and Preventative Anti-crime Policies
Credit, The Turnover of Capital, and the Law of the Falling Rate of Profit: A Critical Note
This paper argues that the total turnover period of capital, comprising both its time of production and circulation, has been almost totally ignored in the Marxian literature as an important counteracting factor to the law of the declining rate of profit. It is not mentioned at all by Marx in his famous Chapter XIV, Vol. III of Capital where he discusses other important counteracting forces, nor by Engels (in this particular context), who edited …
Partisan Bias and Information Discounting in Economic Judgments
Research shows that partisanship biases people's views about the economy. Yet, there is little understanding of the factors, if any, that might mitigate the influence of partisanship on these judgments or the effect of partisanship on metacognitive judgments. This study uses an experimental design to show that partisanship continues to bias economic judgments even when subjects receive direct and neutral information about specific aspects of the …
Competing Pressures and Complex Choices: African Americans and the Death Penalty
African Americans often live in crime-ridden communities, where the need to deter crime is high. They are also likely to be unjustly stopped by law enforcement authorities, arrested, incarcerated, and sentenced to death by the criminal justice system. This research argues that these competing pressures increase the complexity of choices African Americans must make when forming their preferences toward the death penalty. African Americans who are …
Punitive Sentiment
Scholarship has long noted the importance of understanding the changes that occur over time in aggregate public support for punitive criminal justice policies. Yet, the lack of a reliable and valid measure of this concept limits our understanding of this aspect of the criminal justice system. This research develops a measure of public support for punitive policies from 1951 to 2006 using 242 administrations of 24 unique survey indicators. It argu…
The Policy Origins of Congressional Approval
It is widely presumed that political support is contingent on satisfaction with the policy decisions made by political authorities. Yet, there is little evidence that support for the nation's chief legislative branch is a function of its policy outputs. This research shows that Congress' approval ratings are linked to the degree important legislation deviates from the public's ideological mood. The results of an error-correction model show that t…
Americans’ Changing Views on Crime and Punishment
Journal Article Americans' Changing Views on Crime and Punishment Get access Mark D. Ramirez Mark D. Ramirez * Mark D. Ramirez is an assistant professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. The author thanks James E. Monogan and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and assistance. Thanks also go to Sarah Dutton at CBS, Sheldon Gawiser at NBC, Scott Keeter at the Pew Research Center, a…
Is the Falling Rate of Profit the Driving Force Behind Globalization
This paper examines critically the role of the law of the tendency of the falling rate of profit in the geographic expansion (globalization) of competitive capitalism. It contends that Marx did not believe there was an iron-clad connection between the falling rate of profit and globalization; in addition, it argues that Marx believed that the capitalists' insatiable search for colonial markets was driven by their desire to overcome recurrent (and…
The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval
Partisan divisions in American politics have been increasing since the 1970s following a period where scholars thought parties were in decline. This polarization is observed most frequently within the debates and deliberation across issues within Congress. Given that most studies of public opinion place the behavior of elites at the center of public attitudes, surprisingly little research examines the effect of partisan conflict on the mass publi…
Punitive Sentiment
Scholarship has long noted the importance of understanding the changes that occur over time in aggregate public support for punitive criminal justice policies. Yet, the lack of a reliable and valid measure of this concept limits our understanding of this aspect of the criminal justice system. This research develops a measure of public support for punitive policies from 1951 to 2006 using 242 administrations of 24 unique survey indicators. It argu…
Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternative Dimension of Public Mood
Privatizing Punishment: Testing Theories of Public Support for Private Prison and Immigration Detention Facilities
The transfer of authority over the supervision of inmate populations from state and federal governments to private corporations is one of the most significant contemporary developments in the criminal justice system. Yet, the controversy surrounding the private prison industry has occurred in U.S. criminal justice policy circles without any understanding of the public's preferences toward these institutions. In this article, we test several theor…
Procedural Perceptions and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court
This paper examines public support toward the U.S. Supreme Court. Although previous scholars have rightly focused on policy outcomes in explaining public attitudes toward the Court, outcome‐based theories are unable to explain why support for the Court remains high despite public disagreement with Court decisions. Some scholars argue the low visibility of the Court shields it from public scrutiny. The exposure explanation, however, is inconsisten…
The Macro Politics of a Gender Gap
Journal Article The Macro Politics of a Gender Gap Get access Paul M. Kellstedt, Paul M. Kellstedt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David A. M. Peterson, David A. M. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mark D. Ramirez Mark D. Ramirez Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 74, Issue 3, Fall 2010, …
Americans’ Changing Views on Crime and Punishment
Journal Article Americans' Changing Views on Crime and Punishment Get access Mark D. Ramirez Mark D. Ramirez * Mark D. Ramirez is an assistant professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. The author thanks James E. Monogan and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and assistance. Thanks also go to Sarah Dutton at CBS, Sheldon Gawiser at NBC, Scott Keeter at the Pew Research Center, a…
Partisan Bias and Information Discounting in Economic Judgments
Research shows that partisanship biases people's views about the economy. Yet, there is little understanding of the factors, if any, that might mitigate the influence of partisanship on these judgments or the effect of partisanship on metacognitive judgments. This study uses an experimental design to show that partisanship continues to bias economic judgments even when subjects receive direct and neutral information about specific aspects of the …
The Policy Origins of Congressional Approval
It is widely presumed that political support is contingent on satisfaction with the policy decisions made by political authorities. Yet, there is little evidence that support for the nation's chief legislative branch is a function of its policy outputs. This research shows that Congress' approval ratings are linked to the degree important legislation deviates from the public's ideological mood. The results of an error-correction model show that t…
Racial Discrimination, Fear of Crime, and Variability in Blacks’ Preferences for Punitive and Preventative Anti-crime Policies
Exploring the Microfoundations of the Gender Equality Peace Hypothesis
Previous studies suggest that patriarchal structures and rigid gender hierarchies at the societal level increase a country’s propensity for involvement in violent social and political conflict. While examining macrolevel predictors and outcomes, the arguments put forth in these studies rely heavily on theories linking individuals’ attitudes toward gender equality to individuals’ beliefs in the appropriateness of violence as a means of attaining p…
Authoritarian Opposition? Authoritarian Disposition and Resistance to Public Health Mitigation Strategies During Covid-19
Government restrictions intended to mitigate the spread of COVID-19—such as “lockdowns,” mask mandates, and vaccine passports—produced intense resentment among some groups and led to resistance, defiance, and social unrest in many countries. To better understand the roots of this opposition, we examine the role of dispositional authoritarianism as a psychological motivator of participation in anti-restriction protests and support for the groups t…
Beliefs About Corporate America and the Structure of Opinions Toward Privatization
Does Political Sophistication Minimize Value Conflict? Evidence from a Heteroskedastic Graded IRT Model of Opinions toward Climate Change
When citizens hold multiple values relevant to their policy opinions, they might experience value conflict, value reconciliation or make a value trade-off. Yet, it is unclear which individuals are able to manage their multiple values in these ways. We posit a sophistication-interaction theory of value pluralism where the most politically sophisticated individuals are able to reconcile the existence of multiple values, thus increasing the stabilit…
Marx's Theory of Ground Rent: A Critical Assessment
This critical essay provides the reader with an up-to-date assessment of Marx's relatively neglected theory of absolute ground rent by bringing together in a coherent manner his scattered observations and arguments contained primarily in Capital, Vol. III and Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. II. It also reviews the extant secondary literature which suggests that within Marx's theory of rent is an embryonic theory of monopoly from which scholars ca…
Promoting Covid-19 vaccine confidence through public responses to misinformation: The joint influence of message source and message content
OBJECTIVE: During the pandemic healthcare professionals and political leaders routinely used traditional and new media outlets to publicly respond to COVID-19 myths and inaccuracies. We examine how variations in the sources and messaging strategies of these public statements affect respondents’ beliefs about the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. METHODS: We analyzed the results of an experiment embedded within a multi-wave survey deployed to US and UK…
Public Attitudes toward Private Military Companies: Insights from Principal–agent Theory
This article examines the distribution and correlates of mass attitudes toward the privatization of US military operations. Relying on insights from principal–agent theory, we form predictions about what beliefs are associated with a willingness to grant authority over military operations to private military companies (PMCs). The model predicts that citizens’ beliefs about actor motives, accountability, and costs are associated with attitudes tow…
Competing Pressures and Complex Choices: African Americans and the Death Penalty
African Americans often live in crime-ridden communities, where the need to deter crime is high. They are also likely to be unjustly stopped by law enforcement authorities, arrested, incarcerated, and sentenced to death by the criminal justice system. This research argues that these competing pressures increase the complexity of choices African Americans must make when forming their preferences toward the death penalty. African Americans who are …
Is the Falling Rate of Profit the Driving Force Behind Globalization
This paper examines critically the role of the law of the tendency of the falling rate of profit in the geographic expansion (globalization) of competitive capitalism. It contends that Marx did not believe there was an iron-clad connection between the falling rate of profit and globalization; in addition, it argues that Marx believed that the capitalists' insatiable search for colonial markets was driven by their desire to overcome recurrent (and…
How Cross-Cutting Ties Reduce Affective Polarization: Evidence from Latino Americans
Evaluating the Effect of Descriptive Norms on Political Tolerance
Recent scholarship has documented changing norms toward political tolerance and an increase in intolerant beliefs in the United States. Descriptive norm theory attributes attitudinal and behavioral changes to beliefs about how we perceive other people think and act. Applied to political tolerance, increasing the perception that society is more or less tolerant should result in corresponding changes among individuals. Neglected from this discussio…
Understanding public blame attributions when private contractors are responsible for civilian casualties
Foreign Direct Investment in Mexico: A Cointegration Analysis
This article addresses the important question of whether foreign direct investment enhances economic growth and labour productivity in Mexico, both from a theoretical and empirical perspective. After briefly reviewing the Mexican experience with net FDI inflows during the 1990s, the article presents a simple endogenous growth model which explicitly incorporates any positive (negative) externalities generated by additions to the foreign capital st…
Marx, Wages, and Cyclical Crises: A Critical Interpretation
This paper examines certain theoretical questions and issues relating to Marx's conception of wages under competitive capitalism. First, it is shown that the distinction between labour and the value of labour power is critically important for understanding the source of profits in competitive capitalism. Second, the value of labour power cannot be reduced either to the classical school's bare minimum subsistence level, or a “physically” determine…
Procedural Perceptions and Support for the U.S. Supreme Court
This paper examines public support toward the U.S. Supreme Court. Although previous scholars have rightly focused on policy outcomes in explaining public attitudes toward the Court, outcome‐based theories are unable to explain why support for the Court remains high despite public disagreement with Court decisions. Some scholars argue the low visibility of the Court shields it from public scrutiny. The exposure explanation, however, is inconsisten…
Marx's Theory of Ground Rent: A Critical Assessment
This critical essay provides the reader with an up-to-date assessment of Marx's relatively neglected theory of absolute ground rent by bringing together in a coherent manner his scattered observations and arguments contained primarily in Capital, Vol. III and Theories of Surplus Value, Vol. II. It also reviews the extant secondary literature which suggests that within Marx's theory of rent is an embryonic theory of monopoly from which scholars ca…
Dynamic Representation(s): Federal Criminal Justice Policy and an Alternative Dimension of Public Mood
The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval
Partisan divisions in American politics have been increasing since the 1970s following a period where scholars thought parties were in decline. This polarization is observed most frequently within the debates and deliberation across issues within Congress. Given that most studies of public opinion place the behavior of elites at the center of public attitudes, surprisingly little research examines the effect of partisan conflict on the mass publi…
The Macro Politics of a Gender Gap
Journal Article The Macro Politics of a Gender Gap Get access Paul M. Kellstedt, Paul M. Kellstedt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David A. M. Peterson, David A. M. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Mark D. Ramirez Mark D. Ramirez Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Public Opinion Quarterly, Volume 74, Issue 3, Fall 2010, …
Is the Falling Rate of Profit the Driving Force Behind Globalization
This paper examines critically the role of the law of the tendency of the falling rate of profit in the geographic expansion (globalization) of competitive capitalism. It contends that Marx did not believe there was an iron-clad connection between the falling rate of profit and globalization; in addition, it argues that Marx believed that the capitalists' insatiable search for colonial markets was driven by their desire to overcome recurrent (and…
Punitive Sentiment
Scholarship has long noted the importance of understanding the changes that occur over time in aggregate public support for punitive criminal justice policies. Yet, the lack of a reliable and valid measure of this concept limits our understanding of this aspect of the criminal justice system. This research develops a measure of public support for punitive policies from 1951 to 2006 using 242 administrations of 24 unique survey indicators. It argu…
The Policy Origins of Congressional Approval
It is widely presumed that political support is contingent on satisfaction with the policy decisions made by political authorities. Yet, there is little evidence that support for the nation's chief legislative branch is a function of its policy outputs. This research shows that Congress' approval ratings are linked to the degree important legislation deviates from the public's ideological mood. The results of an error-correction model show that t…
Americans’ Changing Views on Crime and Punishment
Journal Article Americans' Changing Views on Crime and Punishment Get access Mark D. Ramirez Mark D. Ramirez * Mark D. Ramirez is an assistant professor in the School of Politics and Global Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA. The author thanks James E. Monogan and an anonymous reviewer for their helpful comments and assistance. Thanks also go to Sarah Dutton at CBS, Sheldon Gawiser at NBC, Scott Keeter at the Pew Research Center, a…
Credit, The Turnover of Capital, and the Law of the Falling Rate of Profit: A Critical Note
This paper argues that the total turnover period of capital, comprising both its time of production and circulation, has been almost totally ignored in the Marxian literature as an important counteracting factor to the law of the declining rate of profit. It is not mentioned at all by Marx in his famous Chapter XIV, Vol. III of Capital where he discusses other important counteracting forces, nor by Engels (in this particular context), who edited …
Partisan Bias and Information Discounting in Economic Judgments
Research shows that partisanship biases people's views about the economy. Yet, there is little understanding of the factors, if any, that might mitigate the influence of partisanship on these judgments or the effect of partisanship on metacognitive judgments. This study uses an experimental design to show that partisanship continues to bias economic judgments even when subjects receive direct and neutral information about specific aspects of the …
Competing Pressures and Complex Choices: African Americans and the Death Penalty
African Americans often live in crime-ridden communities, where the need to deter crime is high. They are also likely to be unjustly stopped by law enforcement authorities, arrested, incarcerated, and sentenced to death by the criminal justice system. This research argues that these competing pressures increase the complexity of choices African Americans must make when forming their preferences toward the death penalty. African Americans who are …
African Americans’ Principled Opposition to Prison Privatization
This research analyzes African American opposition toward privatized prisons. It uses data from a national survey of African Americans to show that concerns about safety and corruption correlate with opposition to private prison facilities. Perceptions of discrimination within the justice system also correlate with opposition toward privatization, but only among African Americans who perceive a sense of common fate with other African Americans. A…
Racial Discrimination, Fear of Crime, and Variability in Blacks’ Preferences for Punitive and Preventative Anti-crime Policies
Exploring the Microfoundations of the Gender Equality Peace Hypothesis
Previous studies suggest that patriarchal structures and rigid gender hierarchies at the societal level increase a country’s propensity for involvement in violent social and political conflict. While examining macrolevel predictors and outcomes, the arguments put forth in these studies rely heavily on theories linking individuals’ attitudes toward gender equality to individuals’ beliefs in the appropriateness of violence as a means of attaining p…
Privatizing Punishment: Testing Theories of Public Support for Private Prison and Immigration Detention Facilities
The transfer of authority over the supervision of inmate populations from state and federal governments to private corporations is one of the most significant contemporary developments in the criminal justice system. Yet, the controversy surrounding the private prison industry has occurred in U.S. criminal justice policy circles without any understanding of the public's preferences toward these institutions. In this article, we test several theor…
Beliefs About Corporate America and the Structure of Opinions Toward Privatization
Public Attitudes toward Private Military Companies: Insights from Principal–agent Theory
This article examines the distribution and correlates of mass attitudes toward the privatization of US military operations. Relying on insights from principal–agent theory, we form predictions about what beliefs are associated with a willingness to grant authority over military operations to private military companies (PMCs). The model predicts that citizens’ beliefs about actor motives, accountability, and costs are associated with attitudes tow…
Does Political Sophistication Minimize Value Conflict? Evidence from a Heteroskedastic Graded IRT Model of Opinions toward Climate Change
When citizens hold multiple values relevant to their policy opinions, they might experience value conflict, value reconciliation or make a value trade-off. Yet, it is unclear which individuals are able to manage their multiple values in these ways. We posit a sophistication-interaction theory of value pluralism where the most politically sophisticated individuals are able to reconcile the existence of multiple values, thus increasing the stabilit…
Ignored Racism: White Animus Toward Latinos
Although Latinos are now the largest non-majority group in the United States, existing research on white attitudes toward Latinos has focused almost exclusively on attitudes toward immigration. This book changes that. It argues that such accounts fundamentally underestimate the political power of whites' animus toward Latinos and thus miss how conflict extends well beyond immigration to issues such as voting rights, criminal punishment, policing,…
Understanding public blame attributions when private contractors are responsible for civilian casualties
The effects of dehumanizing language on public opinion toward federal and “for-profit” immigrant detention
Both the “for-profit” nature and dehumanizing conditions of immigration detention centers has ignited an intense public debate on the use of immigration detention centers. Although prior research indicates that the framing of public policies can significantly shape public opinion, it is unclear how the “for-profit” nature of immigration detention centers, and the use of dehumanizing language, shapes public support for these facilities. This study…
Response to Richard C. Fording and Sanford Schram’s Review of Ignored Racism: White Animus Toward Latinos
An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content
Political science (28 works) · Law (25 works) · Law (23 works) · Politics (20 works) · Psychology (17 works) · Sociology (16 works) · Economics (14 works) · Social Psychology (12 works) · Electoral Systems and Political Participation (11 works) · Public opinion (11 works)