George L Wehby
Dados Biográficos
| ID | 644053 |
|---|---|
| NOME | George L Wehby |
| PRENOMES | George L |
| SOBRENOME | Wehby |
| ASSINATURA | WEHBY G L |
| AFILIAÇÕES | University of Iowa |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-7784-9908 |
| VERIFICADO | Sim |
| TOTAL DE OBRAS | 51 |
| TOTAL DE CITAÇÕES | 69 |
| TOTAL COMO AUTOR | 51 |
| TOTAL COMO EDITOR | 0 |
| PRIMEIRO ANO DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2007 |
| ANO MAIS RECENTE DE PUBLICAÇÃO | 2026 |
| ÍNDICE H | 5 |
Understanding the impact of socioeconomic deprivation on inpatient surgical care delivery costs in the Veterans Health Administration
The impact of living in high neighborhood-level socioeconomic deprivation on inpatient surgery cost is not well known. This retrospective cohort study examines the relationship between the Area Deprivation Index (ADI) and non-cardiac inpatient surgery costs in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). Patients aged ≥65 years undergoing non-cardiac inpatient surgery during 2013-2019 were identified in Veterans Affairs Surgical Quality Improvement …
Effects of refundable state earned income tax credits on access to medical and dental services of low-income mothers
The overall small payments from refundable state EITC do not appear to impact medical and dental care access of low-income mothers. Further research to understand potential individual-level heterogeneity by EITC amounts and timing relative to health care needs is important
Obstetric Unit Closure Effects on Child Academic Achievement, Infant Health, and Maternal Care
There is overall little evidence that obstetric unit closure within 5 years before birth impact children's math and reading scores and infant health and maternal care outcomes. Future research can evaluate how closures affect care continuity and access and potential heterogeneity including by maternal health risks and pregnancy complications
Effects of Expanding Medicaid Dental Coverage on General Health Status of Low-Income Adults
BACKGROUND: Oral health is considered a key component of general health. However, causal evidence examining the effects of dental coverage on general health is sparse. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions with extensive dental benefits versus less generous dental benefits on the general health status of individuals with low income. RESEARCH DESIGN: A difference-in-differences design comparing sta…
Effects of the Families First Coronavirus Response Act on Coverage Continuity and Access for Medicaid Beneficiaries
The Families First Coronavirus Response Act (FFCRA) enacted in March 2020 prohibited states from redetermining Medicaid eligibility until March 31st, 2023. However, there has been little direct evidence on how the FFCRA affected coverage continuity, health care access and utilization among Medicaid beneficiaries. In this cross-sectional study, we employ data from the 2015 to 2022 National Health Interview Survey and a difference-in-differences de…
Revisiting the effects of state earned income tax credits on infant health
Comparing contiguous counties across state borders, there is no evidence that refundable state EITC affects birth outcomes. However, the estimates still do not rule out moderate to large benefits for third or higher born infants
Effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansions on Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic in 2020-2021
To examine whether previous Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions had an added effect on the mental health of low-income adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021. We use the 2017-2021 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data. We use an event study difference-in-differences model to compare the number of days in poor mental health in the past 30 days and the likelihood of frequent mental distress among 18 to 64 y…
Gestational Age, Newborn Metabolic Markers and Academic Achievement
Newborn metabolic markers are strongly related to gestational age differences in school test scores, suggesting that early metabolic differences are important markers of long-term child development
Effects of Virginia’s 2019 Medicaid Expansion on Health Insurance Coverage, Access to Care, and Health Status
Virginia expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act beginning in January 2019, which substantially increased income eligibility up to 138% of the federal poverty level (FPL) for both childless adults and parents. In this study, we examined the effects of Virginia's Medicaid expansion in 2019 on health insurance coverage, access to care, and health status by employing a difference-in-differences and a synthetic control design. The study inclu…
Effects of Repealing the ACA Individual Mandate Penalty on Insurance Coverage and Marketplace Enrollment
BACKGROUND: Congress eliminated the individual mandate penalty of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) effective January 1, 2019. OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of repealing the ACA mandate penalty on private health insurance coverage and marketplace enrollment by leveraging state-based mandates in Massachusetts and New Jersey. RESEARCH DESIGN: We employ synthetic control and difference-in-differences methods to compare insurance and enrollment chang…
Health of Infants Born to Venezuelan Refugees in Colombia
The Effects of Refundable and Nonrefundable State Earned Income Tax Credit Programs on Health of Mothers of Two or More Children
Community Use Of Face Masks And Covid-19: Evidence From A Natural Experiment Of State Mandates In The US
State policies mandating public or community use of face masks or covers in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are hotly contested. This study provides evidence from a natural experiment on the effects of state government mandates for face mask use in public issued by fifteen states plus Washington, D.C., between April 8 and May 15, 2020. The research design is an event study examining changes in the daily county-level C…
Rurality and Risk of Perinatal Depression Among Women in the United States
OBJECTIVE: Rural populations may experience more frequent and intense risk factors for perinatal depression than their urban counterparts. However, research has yet to examine rural versus urban differences in a population-based study in the United States. Therefore, this study examined differences in risk of perinatal depression between women living in rural versus urban areas in the United States. METHOD: Using 2016 data from the Pregnancy Risk…
Effects of the Recent Medicaid Expansions on Dental Preventive Services and Treatments
BACKGROUND: Low-income adults in the United States have historically had poor access to dental services largely due to limited dental coverage. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of recent Medicaid income-eligibility expansions under the Affordable Care Act on dental visits separately for preventive care and treatments. RESEARCH DESIGN: We used restricted data from the 2011 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey with state geocodes. The main an…
Effects of Contextual Economic Factors on Childhood Obesity
Effects of the Minimum Wage on Infant Health
The minimum wage has increased in multiple states over the past three decades and it continues to be a controversial policy. Most prior research has examined the effect of the minimum wage on employment and wages. In this study, we examine the impact of the state minimum wage on infant health. Using data on the universe of births in the U.S. over 24 years, we find that an increase in the minimum wage is associated with a small, but statistically …
The Impact of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Dental Visits by Dental Coverage Generosity and Dentist Supply
BACKGROUND: Low-income adults in the United States have historically had limited access to dental coverage and poor dental health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid expansions on dental visits among low-income adults focusing on the generosity of dental coverage and heterogeneity in effects by dentist supply. RESEARCH DESIGN: We used data from 2012, 2014, and 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance S…
The Effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on Children’s Health Coverage
BACKGROUND: Prior research of the impacts of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) on children's health coverage has been largely descriptive and focused on the Medicaid expansions. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the causal impacts of the PPACA Medicaid expansions and of the PPACA as a whole on children's health coverage through 2016. RESEARCH DESIGN: We utilized quasiexperimental difference in differences designs to estimate the…
The Impacts of the ACA Medicaid Expansions on Cancer Screening Use by Primary Care Provider Supply
BACKGROUND: Recent studies of the impacts of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) Medicaid expansions on cancer screening use have mostly found insignificant effects. We posit that these findings mask meaningful heterogeneity in impacts depending on availability of primary care providers. OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impacts of the ACA Medicaid expansions on cancer screening use separately by state-level supply of primary care providers. RESEARCH …
Does public insurance coverage for pregnant women affect prenatal health behaviors
Maternal Education Gradients in Infant Health in Four South American Countries
Health Expenditures and Global Inequalities in Longevity
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act’s Dependent Coverage Mandate on Use of Dental Treatments and Preventive Services
BACKGROUND: Oral health problems are the leading chronic conditions among children and younger adults. Lack of dental coverage is thought to be an important barrier to care but little empirical evidence exists on the causal effect of private dental coverage on use of dental services. We explore the relationship between dental coverage and dental services utilization with an analysis of a natural experiment of increasing private dental coverage st…
Explaining ethnic disparities in preterm birth in Argentina and Ecuador
Little is understood about racial/ethnic disparities in infant health in South America. We quantified the extent to which the disparity in preterm birth (PTB; <37 gestational weeks) rate between infants of Native only ancestry and those of European only ancestry in Argentina and Ecuador are explained by household socio-economic, demographic, healthcare use, and geographic location indicators. The samples included 5199 infants born between 2000 an…
Prenatal care effectiveness and utilization in Brazil
The impact of prenatal care use on birth outcomes has been understudied in South American countries. This study assessed the effects of various measures of prenatal care use on birth weight (BW) and gestational age outcomes using samples of infants born without and with common birth defects from Brazil, and evaluated the demand for prenatal care. Prenatal visits improved BW in the group without birth defects through increasing both fetal growth r…
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Dental Health
Objectives. We measured racial/ethnic inequalities in US children’s dental health and quantified the contribution of conceptually relevant factors. Methods. Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in selected child dental health and preventive care outcomes. We employed a decomposition model to quantify demographic, socioeconomic, maternal health, health insurance, neighborhood, and…
Effects of the Minimum Wage on Infant Health
The minimum wage has increased in multiple states over the past three decades and it continues to be a controversial policy. Most prior research has examined the effect of the minimum wage on employment and wages. In this study, we examine the impact of the state minimum wage on infant health. Using data on the universe of births in the U.S. over 24 years, we find that an increase in the minimum wage is associated with a small, but statistically …
Health Expenditures and Global Inequalities in Longevity
Dentist Supply and Children’s Oral Health in the United States
Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between dentist supply and children’s oral health and explored heterogeneity by children’s age and urbanicity. Methods. We obtained data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health (> 27 000 children aged 1–10 years; > 23 000 children aged 11–17 years). We estimated the association between state-level dentist supply and multiple measures of children’s oral health using regression analysis adjusting…
Explaining Racial Disparities in Infant Health in Brazil
Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil. Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We focused on disparities in LBW ( Results. The model explained 45% to 94% of LBW and 64% to 94% of PTB disparities between the African ances…
Alcohol Exposure In Utero and Child Academic Achievement
We examine the effect of alcohol exposure in utero on child academic achievement. As well as studying the effect of any alcohol exposure, we investigate the effect of the dose, pattern , and duration of exposure. We use a genetic variant in the maternal alcohol-metabolism gene ADH1B as an instrument for alcohol exposure, whilst controlling for the child's genotype on the same variant. We show that the instrument is unrelated to an extensive range…
A Genetic Instrumental Variables Analysis of the Effects of Prenatal Smoking on Birth Weight
There is a large literature showing the detrimental effects of prenatal smoking on birth and childhood health outcomes. It is somewhat unclear though, whether these effects are causal or reflect other characteristics and choices by mothers who choose to smoke that may also affect child health outcomes or biased reporting of smoking. In this paper we use genetic markers that predict smoking behaviors as instruments to address the endogeneity of sm…
Relationship Between Medical Well Baby Visits and First Dental Examinations for Young Children in Medicaid
Objectives. We examined the relationship between preventive well baby visits (WBVs) and the timing of first dental examinations for young Medicaid-enrolled children. Methods. The study focused on children born in 2000 and enrolled continuously in the Iowa Medicaid Program from birth to age 41 months (n = 6322). The main predictor variables were number and timing of WBVs. The outcome variable was timing of first dental examination. We used surviva…
Economic gradients in early child neurodevelopment
Does public insurance coverage for pregnant women affect prenatal health behaviors
Genetic Instrumental Variable Studies of Effects of Prenatal Risk Factors
Identifying the effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on infant and child health is an area of tremendous research interest. However, policymakers are primarily interested in unraveling the causal effects of prenatal risk factors, not their associations with child health, which may be confounded by several unobserved factors. In this article, we evaluate the utility of genetic variants in three genes that have unequivocal evidence of …
The Effects of Prenatal Use of Folic Acid and Other Dietary Supplements on Early Child Development
Prenatal care demand and its effects on birth outcomes by birth defect status in Argentina
Prenatal care effectiveness and utilization in Brazil
The impact of prenatal care use on birth outcomes has been understudied in South American countries. This study assessed the effects of various measures of prenatal care use on birth weight (BW) and gestational age outcomes using samples of infants born without and with common birth defects from Brazil, and evaluated the demand for prenatal care. Prenatal visits improved BW in the group without birth defects through increasing both fetal growth r…
The impact of altitude on infant health in South America
Smoking and body weight
Residential Segregation and the Health of African-American Infants
A Genetic Instrumental Variables Analysis of the Effects of Prenatal Smoking on Birth Weight
There is a large literature showing the detrimental effects of prenatal smoking on birth and childhood health outcomes. It is somewhat unclear though, whether these effects are causal or reflect other characteristics and choices by mothers who choose to smoke that may also affect child health outcomes or biased reporting of smoking. In this paper we use genetic markers that predict smoking behaviors as instruments to address the endogeneity of sm…
Explaining Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Children’s Dental Health
Objectives. We measured racial/ethnic inequalities in US children’s dental health and quantified the contribution of conceptually relevant factors. Methods. Using data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health, we investigated racial/ethnic disparities in selected child dental health and preventive care outcomes. We employed a decomposition model to quantify demographic, socioeconomic, maternal health, health insurance, neighborhood, and…
Very Low Birth Weight Hospital Volume and Mortality
BACKGROUND: Previous studies of very low birth weight (VLBW) hospital volume effects on in-hospital mortality have used standard risk-adjusted models that only account for observable confounders but not for self-selection bias due to unobservable confounders. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of hospital volume of VLBW infants on in-hospital mortality while explicitly accounting for unobservable confounders and self-selection bias using an instrum…
High Dosage Folic Acid Supplementation, Oral Cleft Recurrence and Fetal Growth
The study is the first double-blinded randomized clinical trial (RCT) to study the effect of high dosage folic acid supplementation on isolated oral cleft recurrence. The recurrence rates were similar between the two folic acid groups. However, the results are suggestive of a decrease in oral cleft recurrence compared to the historic recurrence rate. A RCT is still needed to identify the effect of folic acid on oral cleft recurrence given these s…
Child Health Insurance Coverage and Household Activity Toward Child Development in Four South American Countries
Periodicity of dental recall visits for young children first seen in community health centers
The experience gained from having other Medicaid-enrolled children in the household appears to be important for younger children entering into continuous and comprehensive dental care
Child health insurance and early preventive care in three South American countries
Not much is known about how health insurance affects preventive care for children who have access to general routine paediatric care, especially in less developed settings. This study evaluates the effects of child health insurance on preventive care (measured by whether the child had received all the age-appropriate immunizations) for children with access to routine paediatric care. It uses a unique sample of 1958 children aged 3-24 months atten…
Explaining Racial Disparities in Infant Health in Brazil
Objectives. We sought to quantify how socioeconomic, health care, demographic, and geographic effects explain racial disparities in low birth weight (LBW) and preterm birth (PTB) rates in Brazil. Methods. We employed a sample of 8949 infants born between 1995 and 2009 in 15 cities and 7 provinces in Brazil. We focused on disparities in LBW ( Results. The model explained 45% to 94% of LBW and 64% to 94% of PTB disparities between the African ances…
Relationship Between Medical Well Baby Visits and First Dental Examinations for Young Children in Medicaid
Objectives. We examined the relationship between preventive well baby visits (WBVs) and the timing of first dental examinations for young Medicaid-enrolled children. Methods. The study focused on children born in 2000 and enrolled continuously in the Iowa Medicaid Program from birth to age 41 months (n = 6322). The main predictor variables were number and timing of WBVs. The outcome variable was timing of first dental examination. We used surviva…
Genetic Instrumental Variable Studies of Effects of Prenatal Risk Factors
Identifying the effects of maternal risk factors during pregnancy on infant and child health is an area of tremendous research interest. However, policymakers are primarily interested in unraveling the causal effects of prenatal risk factors, not their associations with child health, which may be confounded by several unobserved factors. In this article, we evaluate the utility of genetic variants in three genes that have unequivocal evidence of …
Economic gradients in early child neurodevelopment
Comparing the Visual Analogue Scale and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory for Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Oral Clefts
Our study finds the VAS to perform relatively well in measuring overall HRQoL among children with oral clefts. The VAS may be useful as a screening tool to identify children with oral clefts at risk of low HRQoL for referral into more comprehensive evaluations and for measuring average HRQoL across a sample of children
Breastfeeding and child disability
Dentist Supply and Children’s Oral Health in the United States
Objectives. We evaluated the relationship between dentist supply and children’s oral health and explored heterogeneity by children’s age and urbanicity. Methods. We obtained data from the 2007 National Survey of Children’s Health (> 27 000 children aged 1–10 years; > 23 000 children aged 11–17 years). We estimated the association between state-level dentist supply and multiple measures of children’s oral health using regression analysis adjusting…
Alcohol Exposure In Utero and Child Academic Achievement
We examine the effect of alcohol exposure in utero on child academic achievement. As well as studying the effect of any alcohol exposure, we investigate the effect of the dose, pattern , and duration of exposure. We use a genetic variant in the maternal alcohol-metabolism gene ADH1B as an instrument for alcohol exposure, whilst controlling for the child's genotype on the same variant. We show that the instrument is unrelated to an extensive range…
The Concordance of Survey Reports and Medicare Claims in a Nationally Representative Longitudinal Cohort of Older Adults
BACKGROUND: Concordance between survey reports and claims data is not well established. We compared them for disease histories, preventative, and other health services use in a large, nationally representative sample of older Medicare beneficiaries with special attention given to evaluating age, aging, memory, and respondent status effects. METHODS: Baseline (1993) and biennial follow-up data (through 2010) from the Survey on Assets and Health Dy…
How Genetics Can Inform Health Economics
This chapter reviews the main pathways through which genes can relate to health and health determinants, focusing on channels of primary interest to health economics research. Research implications and methodological considerations for using genetic data in health economics applications are also discussed, as is the potential for informing policy-making. As knowledge of the genetic architecture of outcomes and traits of interest to health economi…
Prevention, Use of Health Services, and Genes
We evaluate the hypothesis that genetic factors influence the use of health services and prevention behaviors in a national sample of adult twins in the United States. The analysis compares the correlation of these outcomes between identical twins, who share all their genes, to the correlation between nonidentical twins, who share, on average, only one-half of their genes. Because the environmental similarities of twins are assumed to be the same…
Explicación de las disparidades raciales en la salud neonatal en Brasil
Objetivos. Buscamos cuantificar la manera en que los efectos socioeconómicos, demográficos, geográficos y de atención de salud explican las disparidades raciales en las tasas de bajo peso al nacer y prematuridad en Brasil. Métodos. Utilizamos una muestra de 8 949 niños nacidos entre 1995 y el 2009 en 15 ciudades y 7 provincias de Brasil. Nos centramos en las disparidades en la prevalencia de bajo peso al nacer ( Resultados. El modelo permitió exp…
Medicine (47 obras) · Environmental health (30 obras) · Demography (26 obras) · Population (24 obras) · Pregnancy (18 obras) · Demography (17 obras) · Health care (17 obras) · Healthcare Policy and Management (16 obras) · Economics (15 obras) · Public health (13 obras)