James Reason
Biographic Data
| ID | 6462770 |
|---|---|
| NAME | James Reason |
| GIVEN NAMES | James |
| FAMILY NAME | Reason |
| SIGNATURE | REASON J |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Leicester |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 2 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1968 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2000 |
| H-INDEX | 1 |
Human error
Human error: models and managementThe problem of human error can be viewed in 2 ways: the person approach and the system approach.Each has its model of error causation, and each model gives rise to different philosophies of error management.Understanding these differences has important practical implications for coping with the ever-present risk of mishaps in clinical practice. PERSON APPROACHThe long-standing and widespread tradition of the pers…
Human Error
Human Error, published in 1991, is a major theoretical integration of several previously isolated literatures. Particularly important is the identification of cognitive processes common to a wide variety of error types. Technology has now reached a point where improved safety can only be achieved on the basis of a better understanding of human error mechanisms. In its treatment of major accidents, the book spans the disciplinary gulf between psyc…
Errors and violations on the roads
In considering the human contribution to accidents, it seems necessary to make a distinction between errors and violations; two forms of aberration which may have different psychological origins and demand different modes of remediation. The present study investigated whether this distinction was justified for self-reported driver behaviour. Five hundred and twenty drivers completed a driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) which asked them to judge…
Social facilitation and driver behaviour
Audience effects on individual behaviour have often been interpreted in terms of increased arousal, which in turn enhances the emission of dominant responses. However, such drive‐based explanations do not readily fit all of the evidence on audience effects. The present study examined the influence on driver behaviour of the presence of a passenger. The main findings were that the incidence of both signalling and speeding appeared to be reduced by…
Little Slips and, Big Disasters
There is a tendency to regard man-made disasters as being due to some rare species of monumental blunder. Here it is argued that only the less forgiving circumstances of their occurrence distinguish these catastrophic errors from the familiar slips and lapses of every day life. It therefore pays us to make a close study of these normally banal mistakes. Not only do they inform us about the systematic biases that contribute to human error, they al…
The Effect of Varying the Time Interval Between Equal and Opposite Coriolis Accelerations
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of varying the time interval between two equal and opposite Coriolis accelerations upon the duration of the subjective responses evoked by the second stimulus. It was also designed to evaluate certain predictions generated from a ‘torsion pendulum’ model of the neural events mediating these subjective phenomena. Theoretical curves derived from the torsion pendulum model approximated fai…
Individual Differences in Motion Sickness Susceptibility
In the first part of the investigation, two measures were obtained from each of 86 subjects: (i) the rate at which spiral after‐effect persistence increases as a function of stimulus intensity (spiral slope score), and (ii) a motion sickness susceptibility score obtained from a personal history questionnaire (MSQ). A positive and significant relation was found between these two measures, thus confirming previous findings. Two groups, termed recep…
Relations Between Motion Sickness Susceptibility, the Spiral After‐effect and Loudness Estimation
This paper reports two experiments designed to elucidate those sensory characteristics which influence motion sickness susceptibility. In the first, a positive and significant correlation was obtained between the score derived from a biographical motion sickness questionnaire (MSQ) and the rate at which spiral after‐effect persistence increased as a logarithmic function of the induction period (SAE slope score). A positive but insignificant relat…
Individual Differences in the Reported Persistence of Visual and Labyrinthine After‐sensations, and of Exponentially Decaying Visual and Auditory Signals
Two experiments are reported in which positive and significant correlations were found between the reported persistence of visual and post‐rotatory labyrinthine after‐sensations. In addition, the persistence of these after‐sensations was also positively and significantly correlated with the time for which exponentially decaying, auditory and visual signals were discriminable against a fixed background signal. On the basis of these findings, it wa…
Social facilitation and driver behaviour
Audience effects on individual behaviour have often been interpreted in terms of increased arousal, which in turn enhances the emission of dominant responses. However, such drive‐based explanations do not readily fit all of the evidence on audience effects. The present study examined the influence on driver behaviour of the presence of a passenger. The main findings were that the incidence of both signalling and speeding appeared to be reduced by…
Relations Between Motion Sickness Susceptibility, the Spiral After‐effect and Loudness Estimation
This paper reports two experiments designed to elucidate those sensory characteristics which influence motion sickness susceptibility. In the first, a positive and significant correlation was obtained between the score derived from a biographical motion sickness questionnaire (MSQ) and the rate at which spiral after‐effect persistence increased as a logarithmic function of the induction period (SAE slope score). A positive but insignificant relat…
Individual Differences in the Reported Persistence of Visual and Labyrinthine After‐sensations, and of Exponentially Decaying Visual and Auditory Signals
Two experiments are reported in which positive and significant correlations were found between the reported persistence of visual and post‐rotatory labyrinthine after‐sensations. In addition, the persistence of these after‐sensations was also positively and significantly correlated with the time for which exponentially decaying, auditory and visual signals were discriminable against a fixed background signal. On the basis of these findings, it wa…
Individual Differences in Motion Sickness Susceptibility
In the first part of the investigation, two measures were obtained from each of 86 subjects: (i) the rate at which spiral after‐effect persistence increases as a function of stimulus intensity (spiral slope score), and (ii) a motion sickness susceptibility score obtained from a personal history questionnaire (MSQ). A positive and significant relation was found between these two measures, thus confirming previous findings. Two groups, termed recep…
The Effect of Varying the Time Interval Between Equal and Opposite Coriolis Accelerations
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of varying the time interval between two equal and opposite Coriolis accelerations upon the duration of the subjective responses evoked by the second stimulus. It was also designed to evaluate certain predictions generated from a ‘torsion pendulum’ model of the neural events mediating these subjective phenomena. Theoretical curves derived from the torsion pendulum model approximated fai…
Little Slips and, Big Disasters
There is a tendency to regard man-made disasters as being due to some rare species of monumental blunder. Here it is argued that only the less forgiving circumstances of their occurrence distinguish these catastrophic errors from the familiar slips and lapses of every day life. It therefore pays us to make a close study of these normally banal mistakes. Not only do they inform us about the systematic biases that contribute to human error, they al…
Human Error
Human Error, published in 1991, is a major theoretical integration of several previously isolated literatures. Particularly important is the identification of cognitive processes common to a wide variety of error types. Technology has now reached a point where improved safety can only be achieved on the basis of a better understanding of human error mechanisms. In its treatment of major accidents, the book spans the disciplinary gulf between psyc…
Errors and violations on the roads
In considering the human contribution to accidents, it seems necessary to make a distinction between errors and violations; two forms of aberration which may have different psychological origins and demand different modes of remediation. The present study investigated whether this distinction was justified for self-reported driver behaviour. Five hundred and twenty drivers completed a driver behaviour questionnaire (DBQ) which asked them to judge…
Social facilitation and driver behaviour
Audience effects on individual behaviour have often been interpreted in terms of increased arousal, which in turn enhances the emission of dominant responses. However, such drive‐based explanations do not readily fit all of the evidence on audience effects. The present study examined the influence on driver behaviour of the presence of a passenger. The main findings were that the incidence of both signalling and speeding appeared to be reduced by…
Human error
Human error: models and managementThe problem of human error can be viewed in 2 ways: the person approach and the system approach.Each has its model of error causation, and each model gives rise to different philosophies of error management.Understanding these differences has important practical implications for coping with the ever-present risk of mishaps in clinical practice. PERSON APPROACHThe long-standing and widespread tradition of the pers…
Psychology (8 works) · Medicine (5 works) · Computer Science (4 works) · Visual perception and processing mechanisms (4 works) · Audiology (3 works) · Cognitive psychology (3 works) · Engineering (3 works) · Mathematics (3 works) · Neuroscience (3 works) · Developmental psychology (2 works)