Kangkang Tong
Biographic Data
| ID | 6502351 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Kangkang Tong |
| GIVEN NAMES | Kangkang |
| FAMILY NAME | Tong |
| SIGNATURE | TONG K |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Minnesota |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-8515-4812 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 9 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 12 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 9 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2017 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Transboundary emission contribution to PM 2.5 concentrations in Indian cities
Targeting urban air quality improvements in India, the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) was launched in 2019 to reduce PM 2.5 concentrations by 20%–30% in 122 initial cities over a 7 year period (2017–2024). However, considering the regional nature of air pollution nationwide and the significant emission load from rural areas, a potentially large fraction of urban PM 2.5 might originate from emissions outside of a city’s boundary, i.e. transboun…
Three research priorities for just and sustainable urban systems
Now is the time to refocus efforts in urban research and design. A changing climate and extreme weather events are presenting unique challenges to urban systems around the world. These challenges illuminate the social barriers that accompany disruptive events such as resource inequities and injustices. In this perspective, we provide three research priorities for just and sustainable urban systems that help to address these matters. The three res…
A data framework for assessing social inequality and equity in multi‐sector social, ecological, infrastructural urban systems
Cities are increasingly advancing multiple societal goals related to environmental sustainability, health, well‐being, and equity. However, there are few comprehensive data sets that address social inequality and equity across multiple infrastructure sectors, determinants, and outcomes, particularly at fine intra‐urban spatial scales. This paper: (1) Offers an overarching conceptualization of inequality and equity in multi‐sector urban systems; (…
Opportunities and barriers to net-zero cities
Socially-differentiated urban metabolism methodology informs equity in coupled carbon-air pollution mitigation strategies
A differentiated urban metabolism methodology is developed to quantify inequality and inform social equity in urban infrastructure strategies aimed at mitigating local in-boundary PM2.5 and co-beneficially reducing transboundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The method differentiates community-wide local PM2.5 and transboundary GHG emission contributions by households of different income strata, alongside commercial and industrial activities. A…
Carbon analytics for net-zero emissions sustainable cities
Impact of the Economic Structure of Cities on Urban Scaling Factors
We explore the population‐scaling and gross domestic product (GDP)‐scaling relationships of material and energy flow (MEF) parameters in different city types based on economic structure. Using migration‐corrected population data, we classify 233 Chinese city propers ( Shiqu ) as “highly industrial” (share of secondary GDP exceeds 63.9%), “highly commercial” (share of tertiary GDP exceeds 52.6%), and “mixed‐economy” (the remaining cities). We find…
Patterns of urban infrastructure capital investment in Chinese cities and explanation through a political market lens
Cities across the developing world have experienced great challenges in making sufficient capital investment in urban infrastructure (CIUI) during periods of rapid urbanization, yet this phenomenon has captured little academic attention. Focusing on Chinese cities, this study analyzed the investment patterns at the temporal, sectoral, and spatial scales and investigated the drivers through the lens of the political market framework. China’s natio…
Estimating the potential for industrial waste heat reutilization in urban district energy systems
Utilizing low-grade waste heat from industries to heat and cool homes and businesses through fourth generation district energy systems (DES) is a novel strategy to reduce energy use. This paper develops a generalizable methodology to estimate the energy saving potential for heating/cooling in 20 cities in two Chinese provinces, representing cold winter and hot summer regions respectively. We also conduct a life-cycle analysis of the new infrastru…
Patterns of urban infrastructure capital investment in Chinese cities and explanation through a political market lens
Cities across the developing world have experienced great challenges in making sufficient capital investment in urban infrastructure (CIUI) during periods of rapid urbanization, yet this phenomenon has captured little academic attention. Focusing on Chinese cities, this study analyzed the investment patterns at the temporal, sectoral, and spatial scales and investigated the drivers through the lens of the political market framework. China’s natio…
Carbon analytics for net-zero emissions sustainable cities
Estimating the potential for industrial waste heat reutilization in urban district energy systems
Utilizing low-grade waste heat from industries to heat and cool homes and businesses through fourth generation district energy systems (DES) is a novel strategy to reduce energy use. This paper develops a generalizable methodology to estimate the energy saving potential for heating/cooling in 20 cities in two Chinese provinces, representing cold winter and hot summer regions respectively. We also conduct a life-cycle analysis of the new infrastru…
Impact of the Economic Structure of Cities on Urban Scaling Factors
We explore the population‐scaling and gross domestic product (GDP)‐scaling relationships of material and energy flow (MEF) parameters in different city types based on economic structure. Using migration‐corrected population data, we classify 233 Chinese city propers ( Shiqu ) as “highly industrial” (share of secondary GDP exceeds 63.9%), “highly commercial” (share of tertiary GDP exceeds 52.6%), and “mixed‐economy” (the remaining cities). We find…
Patterns of urban infrastructure capital investment in Chinese cities and explanation through a political market lens
Cities across the developing world have experienced great challenges in making sufficient capital investment in urban infrastructure (CIUI) during periods of rapid urbanization, yet this phenomenon has captured little academic attention. Focusing on Chinese cities, this study analyzed the investment patterns at the temporal, sectoral, and spatial scales and investigated the drivers through the lens of the political market framework. China’s natio…
Carbon analytics for net-zero emissions sustainable cities
A data framework for assessing social inequality and equity in multi‐sector social, ecological, infrastructural urban systems
Cities are increasingly advancing multiple societal goals related to environmental sustainability, health, well‐being, and equity. However, there are few comprehensive data sets that address social inequality and equity across multiple infrastructure sectors, determinants, and outcomes, particularly at fine intra‐urban spatial scales. This paper: (1) Offers an overarching conceptualization of inequality and equity in multi‐sector urban systems; (…
Opportunities and barriers to net-zero cities
Socially-differentiated urban metabolism methodology informs equity in coupled carbon-air pollution mitigation strategies
A differentiated urban metabolism methodology is developed to quantify inequality and inform social equity in urban infrastructure strategies aimed at mitigating local in-boundary PM2.5 and co-beneficially reducing transboundary greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The method differentiates community-wide local PM2.5 and transboundary GHG emission contributions by households of different income strata, alongside commercial and industrial activities. A…
Three research priorities for just and sustainable urban systems
Now is the time to refocus efforts in urban research and design. A changing climate and extreme weather events are presenting unique challenges to urban systems around the world. These challenges illuminate the social barriers that accompany disruptive events such as resource inequities and injustices. In this perspective, we provide three research priorities for just and sustainable urban systems that help to address these matters. The three res…
Transboundary emission contribution to PM 2.5 concentrations in Indian cities
Targeting urban air quality improvements in India, the National Clean Air Program (NCAP) was launched in 2019 to reduce PM 2.5 concentrations by 20%–30% in 122 initial cities over a 7 year period (2017–2024). However, considering the regional nature of air pollution nationwide and the significant emission load from rural areas, a potentially large fraction of urban PM 2.5 might originate from emissions outside of a city’s boundary, i.e. transboun…
Economics (7 works) · Environmental Impact and Sustainability (5 works) · Geography (5 works) · Political science (5 works) · Business (4 works) · Economic growth (4 works) · Engineering (4 works) · Environmental Science (4 works) · Urban Transport and Accessibility (4 works) · Environmental resource management (3 works)