P Mahoney
Biographic Data
| ID | 66167 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P Mahoney |
| GIVEN NAMES | P |
| FAMILY NAME | Mahoney |
| SIGNATURE | MAHONEY P |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Kent |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2715-3096 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 39 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 327 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 39 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2003 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 11 |
Dietary Adaptation in Paranthropus robustus Postcanine Teeth
Validating Dental Histology for Perinatal Age Estimation Using Human Deciduous Teeth
Trace elements, maturation processes and diagenesis in human deciduous incisors
Palaeoanthropology and the study of pre-adult fossil remains
The workshop advanced efforts to understand human evolution, particularly the selective pressures shaping patterns of growth and maturity across a broad range of hominin species
The impact of urbanization on growth patterns of non‐adults in medieval England
Increasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non‐adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto‐urban, and rural environments from medie…
Longitudinal changes in juvenile and adolescent body mass indices before, during, and after the Covid ‐19 lockdown in New Zealand
Results are mostly consistent with the "structured days" hypothesis, but challenge the bidirectional hypothesis as defined. Further research better characterizing risks of gains in adiposity are needed
Exploring prenatal and neonatal life history through dental histology in infants from the Phoenician necropolis of Motya (7th–6th century BCE)
Histomorphometry of deciduous teeth from the Phoenician Motya (Sicily, Italy) • Sex of the infants has been assessed through proteomic analysis of dental enamel. • Stillborn presence excluded by the presence of the birth marker in all the teeth. • Stress markers in prenatal life inversely correlate with individuals’ survivorship. • Enamel growth rates are at the lower limit of the known variability. The biological life history of infants from arc…
Addressing the growing fossil record of subadult hominins by reaching across disciplines
The field of paleoanthropology lacks a coherent methodology to study ontogeny in extinct hominins. During the past two decades in this field, several factors have served as an impetus to better define this subfield of study within human evolution. First is the increased recovery of immature hominin remains that span multiple genera-Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo
Socioeconomic status and survival in medieval Canterbury
The adverse urban environment of medieval Canterbury possibly influenced poor health conditions and diseases which ultimately led to death. Individuals of low socioeconomic status may have been more at risk of death than those of higher socioeconomic status due to dense living conditions, consistently encountering unhygienic waste management, and less access to resources during famines and disease outbreaks. This study evaluates survivorship and …
Cartesian Coordinates in Two-Dimensional Bone Histology Images for Quaternary Bone Remodelling Research
Palaeohistologists who work with well-preserved cortical bone can examine two-dimensional (2D) histology images for quantitative parameters of secondary osteons and Haversian canals to reconstruct past bone remodelling. Standard techniques in this space include area measurements and counts of histology components recorded from an image. The ‘point-count’ technique involves counting all the items (e.g., secondary osteons, osteocyte lacunae) of int…
Technical note: Estimating original crown height in worn mandibular canines using aspects of dentin morphology
We present a novel method to estimate original crown height (OCH) for worn human mandibular canines using a cubic regression equation based on ratios of worn crown height and exposed dentin. This method may help alleviate issues frequently presented by worn teeth in dental analyses, including those in bioarchaeology. Mandibular canines ( n = 28) from modern day New Zealand and English populations were selected. Crown height and dentin thickness w…
An inconstant biorhythm: The changing pace of Retzius periodicity in human permanent teeth
OBJECTIVES: Human tooth enamel retains evidence of growth in the form of Retzius lines. The number of daily growth increments between the regularly occurring lines defines their repeat interval, or periodicity. Retzius periodicity is often incorporated into enamel formation times, age-at-death reconstructions, or used to provide a basis from which to explore an underlying biorhythm. Biological anthropologists typically assume that RP remains cons…
Osteocyte lacuno-canalicular microstructure across the mid-shaft femur in adult males from medieval England
Archaeological human bone histology can reveal well-preserved osteocyte lacunae, which are indicators of bone remodelling activity. Analyses of these lacunae can be useful when reconstructing past human mechanical loading histories or metabolic fluctuations from bone microstructure. However, the relationship between osteocyte lacunae density and morphology, and bone anatomical variation within archaeological samples is largely unknown. We examine…
Rediscovery of fossils from the middle gravels and lower loam at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, Kent (UK)
Enamel growth rates of anterior teeth in males and females from modern and ancient British populations
OBJECTIVE: This study explored biological sex differences in the regional daily growth rates of human anterior enamel from modern and ancient populations in Britain. METHODS: Maxillary permanent incisors (n = 80) and canines (n = 69) from Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, and Modern day populations were analyzed using histological methods. Daily secretion rates (DSRs) were collected for inner, mid, and outer regions of cuspal and lateral enamel. Mode…
Effect of different healing stages on stable isotope ratios in skeletal lesions
Introduction Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios. Materials and Methods Carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained e…
Enamel thickness and growth rates in modern human permanent first molars over a 2000 year period in Britain
OBJECTIVES: This study explores variation and trends in first molar enamel thickness and daily enamel secretion rates over a 2000 year period in Britain. METHODS: Permanent first molars (n = 89) from the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Medieval periods, as well as modern-day Britain, were analyzed using standard histological methods. Relative enamel thickness (RET) and linear measurements of cuspal and lateral thickness were calculated for mesial cusps. …
Diet and disease in Tomar, Portugal: Comparing stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios between skeletons with and without signs of infectious disease
Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England
OBJECTIVES: Histomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labor in skeletal samples of children (n = 175) from medieval England. The humerus reflects greater biomechanically induced microstru…
Dental microwear texture analysis of Homo sapiens sapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists
OBJECTIVES: The current study seeks to determine if a sample of foragers, farmers, and pastoralists are distinguishable based on their dental microwear texture signatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a sample of 719 individuals from 51 archeological sites (450 farmers, 192 foragers, 77 pastoralists). All were over age 12 and sexes were pooled. Using a Sensofar® white-light confocal profiler we collected dental microwear texture anal…
Root growth and dental eruption in modern human deciduous teeth with preliminary observations on great apes
Did military orders influence the general population diet? Stable isotope analysis from Medieval Tomar, Portugal
Bone deep: Variation in stable isotope ratios and histomorphometric measurements of bone remodelling within adult humans
Deciduous enamel 3D microwear texture analysis as an indicator of childhood diet in medieval Canterbury, England
Beaker people in Britain: Migration, Mobility and Diet
Bone deep: Variation in stable isotope ratios and histomorphometric measurements of bone remodelling within adult humans
Intraspecific variation in M1 enamel development in modern humans: Implications for Human Evolution
Dental development in Megaladapis edwardsi (Primates, Lemuriformes): Implications for understanding life history variation in subfossil lemurs
Dental microwear from Natufian hunter‐gatherers and early Neolithic farmers: Comparisons within and between samples
Microwear patterns from Natufian hunter‐gatherers (12,500–10,250 bp) and early Neolithic (10,250–7,500 bp) farmers from northern Israel are correlated with location on facet nine and related to an archaeologically suggested change in food preparation. Casts of permanent second mandibular molars are examined with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500×. Digitized micrographs are taken from the upper and lower part of facet nine. …
Beaker people in Britain: Migration, Mobility and Diet
Deciduous enamel 3D microwear texture analysis as an indicator of childhood diet in medieval Canterbury, England
Molar crown formation in the Late Miocene Asian hominoids, Sivapithecus parvada and Sivapithecus indicus
During the past decade, studies of enamel development have provided a broad temporal and geographic perspective on evolutionary developmental biology in Miocene hominoids. Here we report some of the first data for molar crown development in one hominoid genus, Sivapithecus. The data are compared to a range of extant and extinct hominoids. Crown formation times (CFTs), daily rates of enamel secretion (DSR), Retzius line number and periodicity, and…
Testing functional and morphological interpretations of enamel thickness along the deciduous tooth row in human children
The significance of a gradient in enamel thickness along the human permanent molar row has been debated in the literature. Some attribute increased enamel thickness from first to third molars to greater bite force during chewing. Others argue that thicker third molar enamel relates to a smaller crown size facilitated by a reduced dentin component. Thus, differences in morphology, not function, explains enamel thickness. This study draws on these …
Diet and disease in Tomar, Portugal: Comparing stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios between skeletons with and without signs of infectious disease
Dental microwear texture analysis of Homo sapiens sapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists
OBJECTIVES: The current study seeks to determine if a sample of foragers, farmers, and pastoralists are distinguishable based on their dental microwear texture signatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a sample of 719 individuals from 51 archeological sites (450 farmers, 192 foragers, 77 pastoralists). All were over age 12 and sexes were pooled. Using a Sensofar® white-light confocal profiler we collected dental microwear texture anal…
Did military orders influence the general population diet? Stable isotope analysis from Medieval Tomar, Portugal
Incremental enamel development in modern human deciduous anterior teeth
This study reconstructs incremental enamel development for a sample of modern human deciduous mandibular ( n = 42) and maxillary ( n = 42) anterior (incisors and canines) teeth. Results are compared between anterior teeth, and with previous research for deciduous molars (Mahoney: Am J Phys Anthropol 144 ( 2011 ) 204–214) to identify developmental differences along the tooth row. Two hypotheses are tested: Retzius line periodicity will remain cons…
Human deciduous mandibular molar incremental enamel development
Quantitative studies of incremental markings retained within human enamel have reconstructed the duration and rate (crown and cusp formation times, initiation and completion, daily enamel secretion rates) of permanent tooth development. This approach has provided one way of estimating human age‐at‐death, and facilitated comparative dental studies of primate evolution. Similar applications from deciduous enamel are inhibited because developmental …
Dental fast track: Prenatal enamel growth, incisor eruption, and weaning in human infants
Correlation between the timing of permanent first molar eruption and weaning age in extant primates has provided a way to infer a life history event in fossil species, but recent debate has questioned whether the same link is present in human infants. Deciduous incisors erupt at an age when breast milk can be supplemented with additional foods (mixed feeding), and weaning is typically complete before permanent first molars erupt. Here, I use hist…
Brief Communication: Intertooth and intrafacet dental microwear variation in an archaeological sample of modern humans from the Jordan Valley
Dental microwear was recorded in a Bronze-Iron Age (3570-3000 BP) sample of modern humans recovered from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh in the Jordan Valley. Microwear patterns were compared between mandibular molars, and between the upper and lower part of facet 9. The comparison revealed a greater frequency of pits and shorter scratches on the second and third molars, compared to the first. Pit frequency also increased on the lower part of the facet on the …
Human dental microwear from Ohalo II (22,500–23,500 cal BP), southern Levant
Dietary hardness and abrasiveness are inferred from human dental microwear at Ohalo II, a late Upper Palaeolithic site (22,500–23,500 cal BP) in the southern Levant. Casts of molar grinding facets from two human skeletons were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The size and frequency of microwear was measured, counted, and compared to four prehistoric human groups from successive chronological periods in the same region: pre‐pottery Ne…
Addressing the growing fossil record of subadult hominins by reaching across disciplines
The field of paleoanthropology lacks a coherent methodology to study ontogeny in extinct hominins. During the past two decades in this field, several factors have served as an impetus to better define this subfield of study within human evolution. First is the increased recovery of immature hominin remains that span multiple genera-Australopithecus, Paranthropus, and Homo
An inconstant biorhythm: The changing pace of Retzius periodicity in human permanent teeth
OBJECTIVES: Human tooth enamel retains evidence of growth in the form of Retzius lines. The number of daily growth increments between the regularly occurring lines defines their repeat interval, or periodicity. Retzius periodicity is often incorporated into enamel formation times, age-at-death reconstructions, or used to provide a basis from which to explore an underlying biorhythm. Biological anthropologists typically assume that RP remains cons…
Microwear and morphology: Functional relationships between human dental microwear and the mandible
Exploring prenatal and neonatal life history through dental histology in infants from the Phoenician necropolis of Motya (7th–6th century BCE)
Histomorphometry of deciduous teeth from the Phoenician Motya (Sicily, Italy) • Sex of the infants has been assessed through proteomic analysis of dental enamel. • Stillborn presence excluded by the presence of the birth marker in all the teeth. • Stress markers in prenatal life inversely correlate with individuals’ survivorship. • Enamel growth rates are at the lower limit of the known variability. The biological life history of infants from arc…
Trace elements, maturation processes and diagenesis in human deciduous incisors
Palaeoanthropology and the study of pre-adult fossil remains
The workshop advanced efforts to understand human evolution, particularly the selective pressures shaping patterns of growth and maturity across a broad range of hominin species
Socioeconomic status and survival in medieval Canterbury
The adverse urban environment of medieval Canterbury possibly influenced poor health conditions and diseases which ultimately led to death. Individuals of low socioeconomic status may have been more at risk of death than those of higher socioeconomic status due to dense living conditions, consistently encountering unhygienic waste management, and less access to resources during famines and disease outbreaks. This study evaluates survivorship and …
Effect of different healing stages on stable isotope ratios in skeletal lesions
Introduction Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios. Materials and Methods Carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained e…
Enamel thickness and growth rates in modern human permanent first molars over a 2000 year period in Britain
OBJECTIVES: This study explores variation and trends in first molar enamel thickness and daily enamel secretion rates over a 2000 year period in Britain. METHODS: Permanent first molars (n = 89) from the Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and Medieval periods, as well as modern-day Britain, were analyzed using standard histological methods. Relative enamel thickness (RET) and linear measurements of cuspal and lateral thickness were calculated for mesial cusps. …
How willing are parents to improve pedestrian safety in their community
Study objective: To determine how likely parents would be to contribute to strategies to reduce pedestrian injury risks and how much they valued such interventions. Design: A single referendum willingness to pay survey. Each parent was randomised to respond to one of five requested contributions towards each of the following activities: constructing speed bumps, volunteering as a crossing guard, attending a neighbourhood meeting, or attending a s…
Dental development in Megaladapis edwardsi (Primates, Lemuriformes): Implications for understanding life history variation in subfossil lemurs
Dental microwear from Natufian hunter‐gatherers and early Neolithic farmers: Comparisons within and between samples
Microwear patterns from Natufian hunter‐gatherers (12,500–10,250 bp) and early Neolithic (10,250–7,500 bp) farmers from northern Israel are correlated with location on facet nine and related to an archaeologically suggested change in food preparation. Casts of permanent second mandibular molars are examined with a scanning electron microscope at a magnification of 500×. Digitized micrographs are taken from the upper and lower part of facet nine. …
Brief Communication: Intertooth and intrafacet dental microwear variation in an archaeological sample of modern humans from the Jordan Valley
Dental microwear was recorded in a Bronze-Iron Age (3570-3000 BP) sample of modern humans recovered from Tell es-Sa'idiyeh in the Jordan Valley. Microwear patterns were compared between mandibular molars, and between the upper and lower part of facet 9. The comparison revealed a greater frequency of pits and shorter scratches on the second and third molars, compared to the first. Pit frequency also increased on the lower part of the facet on the …
Microwear and morphology: Functional relationships between human dental microwear and the mandible
Human dental microwear from Ohalo II (22,500–23,500 cal BP), southern Levant
Dietary hardness and abrasiveness are inferred from human dental microwear at Ohalo II, a late Upper Palaeolithic site (22,500–23,500 cal BP) in the southern Levant. Casts of molar grinding facets from two human skeletons were examined with a scanning electron microscope. The size and frequency of microwear was measured, counted, and compared to four prehistoric human groups from successive chronological periods in the same region: pre‐pottery Ne…
Molar crown formation in the Late Miocene Asian hominoids, Sivapithecus parvada and Sivapithecus indicus
During the past decade, studies of enamel development have provided a broad temporal and geographic perspective on evolutionary developmental biology in Miocene hominoids. Here we report some of the first data for molar crown development in one hominoid genus, Sivapithecus. The data are compared to a range of extant and extinct hominoids. Crown formation times (CFTs), daily rates of enamel secretion (DSR), Retzius line number and periodicity, and…
The false and the true bifid condyles
Intraspecific variation in M1 enamel development in modern humans: Implications for Human Evolution
Human deciduous mandibular molar incremental enamel development
Quantitative studies of incremental markings retained within human enamel have reconstructed the duration and rate (crown and cusp formation times, initiation and completion, daily enamel secretion rates) of permanent tooth development. This approach has provided one way of estimating human age‐at‐death, and facilitated comparative dental studies of primate evolution. Similar applications from deciduous enamel are inhibited because developmental …
Incremental enamel development in modern human deciduous anterior teeth
This study reconstructs incremental enamel development for a sample of modern human deciduous mandibular ( n = 42) and maxillary ( n = 42) anterior (incisors and canines) teeth. Results are compared between anterior teeth, and with previous research for deciduous molars (Mahoney: Am J Phys Anthropol 144 ( 2011 ) 204–214) to identify developmental differences along the tooth row. Two hypotheses are tested: Retzius line periodicity will remain cons…
IEEE Transactions on Education publication information
Testing functional and morphological interpretations of enamel thickness along the deciduous tooth row in human children
The significance of a gradient in enamel thickness along the human permanent molar row has been debated in the literature. Some attribute increased enamel thickness from first to third molars to greater bite force during chewing. Others argue that thicker third molar enamel relates to a smaller crown size facilitated by a reduced dentin component. Thus, differences in morphology, not function, explains enamel thickness. This study draws on these …
Dental fast track: Prenatal enamel growth, incisor eruption, and weaning in human infants
Correlation between the timing of permanent first molar eruption and weaning age in extant primates has provided a way to infer a life history event in fossil species, but recent debate has questioned whether the same link is present in human infants. Deciduous incisors erupt at an age when breast milk can be supplemented with additional foods (mixed feeding), and weaning is typically complete before permanent first molars erupt. Here, I use hist…
Deciduous enamel 3D microwear texture analysis as an indicator of childhood diet in medieval Canterbury, England
Beaker people in Britain: Migration, Mobility and Diet
Bone deep: Variation in stable isotope ratios and histomorphometric measurements of bone remodelling within adult humans
Diet and disease in Tomar, Portugal: Comparing stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios between skeletons with and without signs of infectious disease
Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England
OBJECTIVES: Histomorphometric studies show consistent links between physical activity patterns and the microstructure underlying the size and shape of bone. Here, we adopt a combined bone approach to explore variation in microstructure of ribs and humeri related to physical activity and historical records of manual labor in skeletal samples of children (n = 175) from medieval England. The humerus reflects greater biomechanically induced microstru…
Dental microwear texture analysis of Homo sapiens sapiens: Foragers, farmers, and pastoralists
OBJECTIVES: The current study seeks to determine if a sample of foragers, farmers, and pastoralists are distinguishable based on their dental microwear texture signatures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a sample of 719 individuals from 51 archeological sites (450 farmers, 192 foragers, 77 pastoralists). All were over age 12 and sexes were pooled. Using a Sensofar® white-light confocal profiler we collected dental microwear texture anal…
Root growth and dental eruption in modern human deciduous teeth with preliminary observations on great apes
Did military orders influence the general population diet? Stable isotope analysis from Medieval Tomar, Portugal
Rediscovery of fossils from the middle gravels and lower loam at Barnfield Pit, Swanscombe, Kent (UK)
Enamel growth rates of anterior teeth in males and females from modern and ancient British populations
OBJECTIVE: This study explored biological sex differences in the regional daily growth rates of human anterior enamel from modern and ancient populations in Britain. METHODS: Maxillary permanent incisors (n = 80) and canines (n = 69) from Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Medieval, and Modern day populations were analyzed using histological methods. Daily secretion rates (DSRs) were collected for inner, mid, and outer regions of cuspal and lateral enamel. Mode…
Effect of different healing stages on stable isotope ratios in skeletal lesions
Introduction Physiological stress is one of the various factors that can have an impact on stable isotope ratios. However, its effect on bone collagen stable isotope ratios is still not fully understood. This study aims to build on previous research on how different disease stages may affect bone collagen stable isotope ratios. Materials and Methods Carbon (δ 13 C) and nitrogen (δ 15 N) isotope ratios were assessed in 33 skeletons that retained e…
Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies (31 works) · Medicine (23 works) · Biology (21 works) · Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology (13 works) · Archaeology and ancient environmental studies (12 works) · Dentistry (12 works) · Enamel paint (12 works) · Molar (12 works) · Archaeology (10 works) · Geography (10 works)