P Boski
Biographic Data
| ID | 6618 |
|---|---|
| NAME | P Boski |
| GIVEN NAMES | P |
| FAMILY NAME | Boski |
| SIGNATURE | BOSKI P |
| AFFILIATIONS | Uniwersytet SWPS |
| ORCID | 0000-0003-0984-5686 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 20 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 63 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 20 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1983 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
How Norms Depend on the Presence and Status of Observers: The Relational Contingency of Everyday Behaviors in 90 Societies
Norms are fundamental to social life, but basic questions about how they are affected by social context remain. Specifically, how do normative constraints depend on the presence and status of observers, and how do such relational contingencies vary across cultures? Using data from more than 25,000 individuals across 90 societies, we test several hypotheses linking normative constraints on everyday behaviors (like arguing, laughing, cursing, kissi…
Bicultural Competencies and Identities in Acculturation and Intercultural Relations
Undefined in the mainstream literature, acculturation has been a research field of bicultural attitudes. Contrastingly, this paper posits it is a second culture learning process where acquired competencies are cognitions and behavioral skills in domains of symbols, language, and axiology; parallel to first culture’s enculturation. They are bridged with affective attachments to form bi-cultural/cultural identities in these three thematic domains. …
Helping Ukrainian war refugees in Poland: The emergence of a political assemblage
Prosocial collective action has been abundantly theorized across political and social science. Related scholarship tends to focus mostly on attitudes or intentions, and less often on actual behaviors. Moreover, emphasis is placed on individual prosocial acts and their aggregation rather than on conceptions of collective, nonreducible phenomena. In this study, we invoke metatheoretical systems thinking to examine more closely the emergence of poli…
Cutting Cultural Ties? Reasons Why Ukrainians Terminate or Continue to Interact With Russian Culture Despite the Ongoing Russian-Ukrainian War
The study investigates the factors related to Ukrainian nationals' engagement or disengagement with Russian culture amid Russian-Ukrainian war. It explores the predictors of both continued engagement and reasons for terminating interaction, considering demographic, emotional, and circumstantial factors. A cross-sectional correlational design was used, involving 935 participants (305 continuing and 630 ceasing interaction with Russian culture). Pa…
Investigating the sociocultural models with cultural experiments: A Polish‒English study on {Request → Compliance} in gender relations
The dominant model in cross‐cultural psychology largely disregards culture (Boski, 2018). An alternative theory of sociocultural models (SCMs) has been proposed in this volume. SCMs mould cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes of individual persons, as well as their corrective measures should such processes be sidetracked. Because SCMs are culture‐bound, intercultural contacts are likely to be fraught in misconceptions and conflicts, but…
Supplemental Material for Trust in Everyday Life
Belief in a Zero-Sum Game as a Social Axiom: A 37-Nation Study
This article introduces a novel concept, Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG), proposed as another belief dimension in the family of social axioms. We conceptualize BZSG as a belief system about the antagonistic nature of social relations-that one person's gain is possible only at the expense of other persons. It appears on a level of personal convictions and as a cultural worldview ideology. We found that persons or nations who believe in a zero-sum…
A Psychology of Economic Migration
This article introduces a psychology of economic immigration as a field complementary to but separate from research on acculturation. A theoretical model of psychological disharmony is outlined, where hard work and thrift become the crucial elements of immigrant condition. Three studies are reported. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted among Polish immigrants in Ireland. These studies addressed personality comparisons between immigrants and nonimmigra…
Consequences Of Linguistic Frame Switching: Cognitive And Motivational Shifts In Bilingual Tunisians
Bilingualism and biculturalism are of growing importance in the world today and of increasing research interest in social sciences. Since the seminal paper by Hong et al. (2000), researchers have explored cognitive consequences of cultural and/or linguistic frame switching on cognitive functioning, mainly causal attributions (Benet-Martinez et al., 2002). It was repeatedly found that when primed by either Chinese or Americans symbols, bicultural …
Psychology of a Culture: Humanism and Social Ineffectiveness Embedded in Polish Ways of Life
This paper is intended as a learning tool for students wishing to expand their knowledge on culture – psychology interaction derived from a single culture perspective. The paper presents a cultural psychology approach to two themes of Polish culture: Humanism and Social (In)-Effectiveness. The text is divided into three distinct parts: (1) A detailed account of a foreigner's encounter with Poland, where standards typical for this culture are intr…
Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study
The differences across cultures in the enforcement of conformity may reflect their specific histories.
Terms of abuse as expression and reinforcement of cultures
Five meanings of integration in acculturation research
Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: The Debate Between the Authors and the Reviewer
Perception and Evaluation of Polish Cultural Femininity in Poland, the United States, Finland, and the Netherlands
Culture perception was examined in the domain of gender roles. Three video clips containing an example of typically Polish gender role behavior (displaying much respect and courtesy of men toward women) were shown to female and male university undergraduates in Poland ( n = 88), the United States ( n = 91), Finland ( n = 60), and the Netherlands ( n = 60). The Polish group was more accurate than all other groups in its recognition of the time and…
Ichheiser's Theories of Personality and Person Perception: A Classic That Still Inspires
Cross-Cultural Studies of Person Perception: Effects of Ingroup/Outgroup Membership and Ethnic Schemata
Two approaches to the study of intergroup/interpersonal relations, in/outgroup categorization (motivational) and schema-confirmation (cognitive), are introduced. These two concepts are integrated into a two-dimensional taxonomy, so that a stimulus person can appear as a schema-consistent or -inconsistent member of an in- or outgroup. It is hypothesized that the phenomena of ingroup favoritism/outgroup discrimination should be limited to schema-co…
Causes and affects under manipulated arousal and achievement‐related outcomes
A revised version of earlier models by Stephan and Gollwitzer, and Weiner, has been proposed to study the relations between cognitions and emotions in the achievement‐related contexts. Accordingly, factors classified along the arousal—relaxation dimension should modify the intensity of initial emotional response to the outcome, and the degree of egotism/positive evaluation in the pattern of causal attributions. Then, specific affective modalities…
Egotism and evaluation in self and other attributions for achievement related outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational versus cognitive controversies in the area of attributional research led to the formulation of a model which contains the dimension of Evaluation conceptualized independently from Locus of causality. The model was tested, with Nigerian undergraduate students serving as subjects, in an experiment on self versus other attributions for success and failure outcomes. The data revealed two major finding…
A Study of Person Perception in Nigeria: Ethnicity and Self Versus Other Attributions for Achievement-Related Outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational and cognitive approaches to attribution led to a postulation of a two-dimensional model consisting of Locus of Causality and Evaluation. Consequently, two attributional mechanisms were hypothesized to be operating: egotism and positive evaluation. In the study, a person's ethnicity was regarded as a factor affecting the degree of egotism in self-attributions, while an interaction of ethnic variabl…
Five meanings of integration in acculturation research
Belief in a Zero-Sum Game as a Social Axiom: A 37-Nation Study
This article introduces a novel concept, Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG), proposed as another belief dimension in the family of social axioms. We conceptualize BZSG as a belief system about the antagonistic nature of social relations-that one person's gain is possible only at the expense of other persons. It appears on a level of personal convictions and as a cultural worldview ideology. We found that persons or nations who believe in a zero-sum…
Terms of abuse as expression and reinforcement of cultures
Egotism and evaluation in self and other attributions for achievement related outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational versus cognitive controversies in the area of attributional research led to the formulation of a model which contains the dimension of Evaluation conceptualized independently from Locus of causality. The model was tested, with Nigerian undergraduate students serving as subjects, in an experiment on self versus other attributions for success and failure outcomes. The data revealed two major finding…
A Psychology of Economic Migration
This article introduces a psychology of economic immigration as a field complementary to but separate from research on acculturation. A theoretical model of psychological disharmony is outlined, where hard work and thrift become the crucial elements of immigrant condition. Three studies are reported. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted among Polish immigrants in Ireland. These studies addressed personality comparisons between immigrants and nonimmigra…
Cross-Cultural Studies of Person Perception: Effects of Ingroup/Outgroup Membership and Ethnic Schemata
Two approaches to the study of intergroup/interpersonal relations, in/outgroup categorization (motivational) and schema-confirmation (cognitive), are introduced. These two concepts are integrated into a two-dimensional taxonomy, so that a stimulus person can appear as a schema-consistent or -inconsistent member of an in- or outgroup. It is hypothesized that the phenomena of ingroup favoritism/outgroup discrimination should be limited to schema-co…
Cutting Cultural Ties? Reasons Why Ukrainians Terminate or Continue to Interact With Russian Culture Despite the Ongoing Russian-Ukrainian War
The study investigates the factors related to Ukrainian nationals' engagement or disengagement with Russian culture amid Russian-Ukrainian war. It explores the predictors of both continued engagement and reasons for terminating interaction, considering demographic, emotional, and circumstantial factors. A cross-sectional correlational design was used, involving 935 participants (305 continuing and 630 ceasing interaction with Russian culture). Pa…
Ichheiser's Theories of Personality and Person Perception: A Classic That Still Inspires
Causes and affects under manipulated arousal and achievement‐related outcomes
A revised version of earlier models by Stephan and Gollwitzer, and Weiner, has been proposed to study the relations between cognitions and emotions in the achievement‐related contexts. Accordingly, factors classified along the arousal—relaxation dimension should modify the intensity of initial emotional response to the outcome, and the degree of egotism/positive evaluation in the pattern of causal attributions. Then, specific affective modalities…
A Study of Person Perception in Nigeria: Ethnicity and Self Versus Other Attributions for Achievement-Related Outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational and cognitive approaches to attribution led to a postulation of a two-dimensional model consisting of Locus of Causality and Evaluation. Consequently, two attributional mechanisms were hypothesized to be operating: egotism and positive evaluation. In the study, a person's ethnicity was regarded as a factor affecting the degree of egotism in self-attributions, while an interaction of ethnic variabl…
Egotism and evaluation in self and other attributions for achievement related outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational versus cognitive controversies in the area of attributional research led to the formulation of a model which contains the dimension of Evaluation conceptualized independently from Locus of causality. The model was tested, with Nigerian undergraduate students serving as subjects, in an experiment on self versus other attributions for success and failure outcomes. The data revealed two major finding…
A Study of Person Perception in Nigeria: Ethnicity and Self Versus Other Attributions for Achievement-Related Outcomes
A critical appraisal of the existing motivational and cognitive approaches to attribution led to a postulation of a two-dimensional model consisting of Locus of Causality and Evaluation. Consequently, two attributional mechanisms were hypothesized to be operating: egotism and positive evaluation. In the study, a person's ethnicity was regarded as a factor affecting the degree of egotism in self-attributions, while an interaction of ethnic variabl…
Causes and affects under manipulated arousal and achievement‐related outcomes
A revised version of earlier models by Stephan and Gollwitzer, and Weiner, has been proposed to study the relations between cognitions and emotions in the achievement‐related contexts. Accordingly, factors classified along the arousal—relaxation dimension should modify the intensity of initial emotional response to the outcome, and the degree of egotism/positive evaluation in the pattern of causal attributions. Then, specific affective modalities…
Cross-Cultural Studies of Person Perception: Effects of Ingroup/Outgroup Membership and Ethnic Schemata
Two approaches to the study of intergroup/interpersonal relations, in/outgroup categorization (motivational) and schema-confirmation (cognitive), are introduced. These two concepts are integrated into a two-dimensional taxonomy, so that a stimulus person can appear as a schema-consistent or -inconsistent member of an in- or outgroup. It is hypothesized that the phenomena of ingroup favoritism/outgroup discrimination should be limited to schema-co…
Ichheiser's Theories of Personality and Person Perception: A Classic That Still Inspires
Perception and Evaluation of Polish Cultural Femininity in Poland, the United States, Finland, and the Netherlands
Culture perception was examined in the domain of gender roles. Three video clips containing an example of typically Polish gender role behavior (displaying much respect and courtesy of men toward women) were shown to female and male university undergraduates in Poland ( n = 88), the United States ( n = 91), Finland ( n = 60), and the Netherlands ( n = 60). The Polish group was more accurate than all other groups in its recognition of the time and…
Terms of abuse as expression and reinforcement of cultures
Five meanings of integration in acculturation research
Immigrant Youth in Cultural Transition: The Debate Between the Authors and the Reviewer
Differences Between Tight and Loose Cultures: A 33-Nation Study
The differences across cultures in the enforcement of conformity may reflect their specific histories.
Consequences Of Linguistic Frame Switching: Cognitive And Motivational Shifts In Bilingual Tunisians
Bilingualism and biculturalism are of growing importance in the world today and of increasing research interest in social sciences. Since the seminal paper by Hong et al. (2000), researchers have explored cognitive consequences of cultural and/or linguistic frame switching on cognitive functioning, mainly causal attributions (Benet-Martinez et al., 2002). It was repeatedly found that when primed by either Chinese or Americans symbols, bicultural …
Psychology of a Culture: Humanism and Social Ineffectiveness Embedded in Polish Ways of Life
This paper is intended as a learning tool for students wishing to expand their knowledge on culture – psychology interaction derived from a single culture perspective. The paper presents a cultural psychology approach to two themes of Polish culture: Humanism and Social (In)-Effectiveness. The text is divided into three distinct parts: (1) A detailed account of a foreigner's encounter with Poland, where standards typical for this culture are intr…
A Psychology of Economic Migration
This article introduces a psychology of economic immigration as a field complementary to but separate from research on acculturation. A theoretical model of psychological disharmony is outlined, where hard work and thrift become the crucial elements of immigrant condition. Three studies are reported. Studies 1 and 2 were conducted among Polish immigrants in Ireland. These studies addressed personality comparisons between immigrants and nonimmigra…
Belief in a Zero-Sum Game as a Social Axiom: A 37-Nation Study
This article introduces a novel concept, Belief in a Zero-Sum Game (BZSG), proposed as another belief dimension in the family of social axioms. We conceptualize BZSG as a belief system about the antagonistic nature of social relations-that one person's gain is possible only at the expense of other persons. It appears on a level of personal convictions and as a cultural worldview ideology. We found that persons or nations who believe in a zero-sum…
Investigating the sociocultural models with cultural experiments: A Polish‒English study on {Request → Compliance} in gender relations
The dominant model in cross‐cultural psychology largely disregards culture (Boski, 2018). An alternative theory of sociocultural models (SCMs) has been proposed in this volume. SCMs mould cognitive, affective, and behavioural processes of individual persons, as well as their corrective measures should such processes be sidetracked. Because SCMs are culture‐bound, intercultural contacts are likely to be fraught in misconceptions and conflicts, but…
Supplemental Material for Trust in Everyday Life
Cutting Cultural Ties? Reasons Why Ukrainians Terminate or Continue to Interact With Russian Culture Despite the Ongoing Russian-Ukrainian War
The study investigates the factors related to Ukrainian nationals' engagement or disengagement with Russian culture amid Russian-Ukrainian war. It explores the predictors of both continued engagement and reasons for terminating interaction, considering demographic, emotional, and circumstantial factors. A cross-sectional correlational design was used, involving 935 participants (305 continuing and 630 ceasing interaction with Russian culture). Pa…
Bicultural Competencies and Identities in Acculturation and Intercultural Relations
Undefined in the mainstream literature, acculturation has been a research field of bicultural attitudes. Contrastingly, this paper posits it is a second culture learning process where acquired competencies are cognitions and behavioral skills in domains of symbols, language, and axiology; parallel to first culture’s enculturation. They are bridged with affective attachments to form bi-cultural/cultural identities in these three thematic domains. …
Helping Ukrainian war refugees in Poland: The emergence of a political assemblage
Prosocial collective action has been abundantly theorized across political and social science. Related scholarship tends to focus mostly on attitudes or intentions, and less often on actual behaviors. Moreover, emphasis is placed on individual prosocial acts and their aggregation rather than on conceptions of collective, nonreducible phenomena. In this study, we invoke metatheoretical systems thinking to examine more closely the emergence of poli…
How Norms Depend on the Presence and Status of Observers: The Relational Contingency of Everyday Behaviors in 90 Societies
Norms are fundamental to social life, but basic questions about how they are affected by social context remain. Specifically, how do normative constraints depend on the presence and status of observers, and how do such relational contingencies vary across cultures? Using data from more than 25,000 individuals across 90 societies, we test several hypotheses linking normative constraints on everyday behaviors (like arguing, laughing, cursing, kissi…
Psychology (17 works) · Social Psychology (16 works) · Cultural Differences and Values (13 works) · Social Psychology (9 works) · Social and Intergroup Psychology (8 works) · Sociology (7 works) · Developmental psychology (6 works) · Political science (6 works) · Attribution (5 works) · Cognition (5 works)