Ian D MacLeod
Biographic Data
| ID | 6623461 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Ian D MacLeod |
| GIVEN NAMES | Ian D |
| FAMILY NAME | MacLeod |
| SIGNATURE | MACLEOD I D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Western Australian Museum |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-2947-3587 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 24 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 19 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 24 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1981 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 3 |
Impact of Microbiological Activity and Moisture on the Surface pH of Rock Art Sites
This paper reviews the apparent impact of how changes in nitrate, sulphate activities, and moisture affect the surface pH of rock art paintings at Cueva del Ratón, in the Sierra de San Francisco in Baja California Sur, Mexico. The data was collected after atypical weather events caused rain and mist in this normally arid area. The rock art paintings had been previously examined over several years and observed the unexpected formation of silica sk…
Metals
In Situ Preservation of Shipwreck Artifacts
Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
The wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three parts per million. The vessel is protected by a very dense anaerobic concretion and lies half above a silt mound. Cross-sections of a concretion sample revealed the origina…
Metals
Assessing the Impact of Typhoons on Historic Iron Shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon Through Changes in the Corrosion Microenvironment
The corrosion microenvironment of a dozen Second World War iron shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia, was investigated to see if there were any measurable changes caused by a recent major typhoon. Seven previously inspected wreck sites were used for calibration to assess the environmental impacts. Five new wrecks, including the Fumitzuki, a destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy, were assessed at up to twice the depth of pr…
Theoretical effects of industrial emissions on colour change at rock art sites on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia
The Australian Historic Shipwreck Preservation Project
Increasingly, archaeologists are opting for on-site examination, reinterment, and in situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage sites as the first option in the management of sites at risk, as opposed to the more traditional excavation, recovery, conservation, and display/storage methods. This decision will inevitably be based on significance assessment, degree of perceived risk, and resourcing issues. However, long-term monitoring must be…
Management of Historic Shipwrecks Through a Combination of Significance and Conservation Assessments
Corrosion modelling of decay rates of the iron wrecks in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, has enabled an estimation of the speed at which the historic resource of iron shipwrecks is disappearing. Use of the significance ranking of the iron wrecks, based on the Australian National Standards for significance assessment, provides a useful guide to decision-making, but decisions based solely on these criteria can lead to less than optimal results. From th…
Determining treatment priorities for ecclesiastical textiles using significance and conservation assessments
The Raar Project — Heritage Management Aspects on Reburial After Ten Years of Work
The general purpose of the international reburial project, Reburial and Analyses of Archaeological Remains (RAAR), is to evaluate reburial as a method for the long-term storage and preservation of waterlogged archaeological remains. Since 2001 material samples have been buried, retrieved, analysed systematically, and the results reported.RAAR has mainly focused on the degradation of materials commonly encountered on archaeological sites, and on e…
Reburial and Analyses of Archaeological Remains in the Marine Environment — Investigations into the Effects on Metals
The treatment and long-term storage of recovered cultural material from underwater heritage sites is becoming less cost effective, and reburial of archaeological sites and the associated artefacts in the marine environment is becoming increasingly common practice in managing the submerged cultural resource. Following recent large-scale underwater archaeological excavations in Marstrand harbour, Sweden, the majority of recovered finds were reburie…
The Mechanism and Kinetics of In Situ Conservation of Iron Cannon on Shipwreck Sites
Analysis of the pre-disturbance values of the in situ corrosion parameters on historic iron shipwrecks and artefacts has established that the arithmetic product of the pH and corrosion potential is dependent on the burial environment and provides a unique insight into the objects' state of decay. The value of the product changes during in situ conservation treatment with sacrificial anodes, and reaches a minimum at which point the treatment is co…
Managing a Monitor — the Case of HMVS Cerberus in Port Phillip Bay
The hull of the former HMVS Cerberus (1926) collapsed two metres during gales in December 1993, leaving the vessel half-submerged. Sunk as a breakwater in 1926, the vessel is one of the few remaining and accessible twin-turret Monitor-style warships from the 1870s. This paper presents the complex history of attempts to stabilize the site and to preserve the wreck. A series of in situ corrosion studies of corrosion potentials, pH, and residual met…
Conservation Science
Corrosion and conservation management of iron shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia
A series of in situ corrosion measurements on World War II Japanese merchant and military vessels sunk in Chuuk (Truk) Lagoon in 1944 was conducted in 2002 as part of a study of the cultural heritage values of the wreck sites. The data provide evidence of episodic loss of the protective layer of marine concretion, which directly increases corrosion of the underlying metal and removal of the archival microenvironment record. It is likely that dyna…
In-situ Corrosion Studies on Wrecked Aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia
A preliminary in-situ corrosion survey of the submerged Japanese WWII aircraft in Chuuk Lagoon, in the Federated States of Micronesia, has provided information on the way in which the wrecks interact with the marine environment. The aircraft are characterised by a lack of encrusting marine organisms and are clearly identifiable. The values of pH and the corrosion potentials vary with depth and the voltage depends on the composition of the underly…
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
Two wrecks related to the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) were studied. Following the guidelines of the UNESCO-2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach based on the development of four of the thirty-six Rules of this international agreement was applied. A non-destructive survey technique was developed to obtain information from the scattered cannons and anchors without altering t…
Conservation of corroded iron artefacts-new methods for on-site preservation and cryogenic deconcreting
Formation of marine concretions on copper and its alloys
Conservation of a composite cannon Batavia (1629)
The use of barnacles to establish past temperatures on historic shipwrecks
Research Notes and Application Reports Detection of Debasement in (Forged) Silver Coins by Means of Corrosion Potential Measurements
Conservation of corroded iron artefacts-new methods for on-site preservation and cryogenic deconcreting
Formation of marine concretions on copper and its alloys
In-situ Corrosion Studies on Wrecked Aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia
A preliminary in-situ corrosion survey of the submerged Japanese WWII aircraft in Chuuk Lagoon, in the Federated States of Micronesia, has provided information on the way in which the wrecks interact with the marine environment. The aircraft are characterised by a lack of encrusting marine organisms and are clearly identifiable. The values of pH and the corrosion potentials vary with depth and the voltage depends on the composition of the underly…
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
Research Notes and Application Reports Detection of Debasement in (Forged) Silver Coins by Means of Corrosion Potential Measurements
Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
The wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three parts per million. The vessel is protected by a very dense anaerobic concretion and lies half above a silt mound. Cross-sections of a concretion sample revealed the origina…
Theoretical effects of industrial emissions on colour change at rock art sites on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
Two wrecks related to the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) were studied. Following the guidelines of the UNESCO-2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach based on the development of four of the thirty-six Rules of this international agreement was applied. A non-destructive survey technique was developed to obtain information from the scattered cannons and anchors without altering t…
Research Notes and Application Reports Detection of Debasement in (Forged) Silver Coins by Means of Corrosion Potential Measurements
Formation of marine concretions on copper and its alloys
Conservation of a composite cannon Batavia (1629)
The use of barnacles to establish past temperatures on historic shipwrecks
Conservation of corroded iron artefacts-new methods for on-site preservation and cryogenic deconcreting
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
In situ corrosion studies on the Duart Point wreck, 1994
Two wrecks related to the Battle of Trafalgar (1805) were studied. Following the guidelines of the UNESCO-2001 Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage, a holistic and interdisciplinary approach based on the development of four of the thirty-six Rules of this international agreement was applied. A non-destructive survey technique was developed to obtain information from the scattered cannons and anchors without altering t…
Corrosion and conservation management of iron shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia
A series of in situ corrosion measurements on World War II Japanese merchant and military vessels sunk in Chuuk (Truk) Lagoon in 1944 was conducted in 2002 as part of a study of the cultural heritage values of the wreck sites. The data provide evidence of episodic loss of the protective layer of marine concretion, which directly increases corrosion of the underlying metal and removal of the archival microenvironment record. It is likely that dyna…
In-situ Corrosion Studies on Wrecked Aircraft of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia
A preliminary in-situ corrosion survey of the submerged Japanese WWII aircraft in Chuuk Lagoon, in the Federated States of Micronesia, has provided information on the way in which the wrecks interact with the marine environment. The aircraft are characterised by a lack of encrusting marine organisms and are clearly identifiable. The values of pH and the corrosion potentials vary with depth and the voltage depends on the composition of the underly…
Conservation Science
Managing a Monitor — the Case of HMVS Cerberus in Port Phillip Bay
The hull of the former HMVS Cerberus (1926) collapsed two metres during gales in December 1993, leaving the vessel half-submerged. Sunk as a breakwater in 1926, the vessel is one of the few remaining and accessible twin-turret Monitor-style warships from the 1870s. This paper presents the complex history of attempts to stabilize the site and to preserve the wreck. A series of in situ corrosion studies of corrosion potentials, pH, and residual met…
The Raar Project — Heritage Management Aspects on Reburial After Ten Years of Work
The general purpose of the international reburial project, Reburial and Analyses of Archaeological Remains (RAAR), is to evaluate reburial as a method for the long-term storage and preservation of waterlogged archaeological remains. Since 2001 material samples have been buried, retrieved, analysed systematically, and the results reported.RAAR has mainly focused on the degradation of materials commonly encountered on archaeological sites, and on e…
Reburial and Analyses of Archaeological Remains in the Marine Environment — Investigations into the Effects on Metals
The treatment and long-term storage of recovered cultural material from underwater heritage sites is becoming less cost effective, and reburial of archaeological sites and the associated artefacts in the marine environment is becoming increasingly common practice in managing the submerged cultural resource. Following recent large-scale underwater archaeological excavations in Marstrand harbour, Sweden, the majority of recovered finds were reburie…
The Mechanism and Kinetics of In Situ Conservation of Iron Cannon on Shipwreck Sites
Analysis of the pre-disturbance values of the in situ corrosion parameters on historic iron shipwrecks and artefacts has established that the arithmetic product of the pH and corrosion potential is dependent on the burial environment and provides a unique insight into the objects' state of decay. The value of the product changes during in situ conservation treatment with sacrificial anodes, and reaches a minimum at which point the treatment is co…
Management of Historic Shipwrecks Through a Combination of Significance and Conservation Assessments
Corrosion modelling of decay rates of the iron wrecks in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, has enabled an estimation of the speed at which the historic resource of iron shipwrecks is disappearing. Use of the significance ranking of the iron wrecks, based on the Australian National Standards for significance assessment, provides a useful guide to decision-making, but decisions based solely on these criteria can lead to less than optimal results. From th…
Determining treatment priorities for ecclesiastical textiles using significance and conservation assessments
The Australian Historic Shipwreck Preservation Project
Increasingly, archaeologists are opting for on-site examination, reinterment, and in situ preservation of underwater cultural heritage sites as the first option in the management of sites at risk, as opposed to the more traditional excavation, recovery, conservation, and display/storage methods. This decision will inevitably be based on significance assessment, degree of perceived risk, and resourcing issues. However, long-term monitoring must be…
Assessing the Impact of Typhoons on Historic Iron Shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon Through Changes in the Corrosion Microenvironment
The corrosion microenvironment of a dozen Second World War iron shipwrecks in Chuuk Lagoon, Federated States of Micronesia, was investigated to see if there were any measurable changes caused by a recent major typhoon. Seven previously inspected wreck sites were used for calibration to assess the environmental impacts. Five new wrecks, including the Fumitzuki, a destroyer of the Imperial Japanese Navy, were assessed at up to twice the depth of pr…
Theoretical effects of industrial emissions on colour change at rock art sites on Burrup Peninsula, Western Australia
Metals
Corrosion and Conservation Management of the Submarine HMAS AE2 (1915) in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey
The wreck site of the Australian First World War submarine HMAS AE2 in the Sea of Marmara had a salinity of 26‰ (parts per thousand) for the first 13 m, which increased to 41‰ at 21 m, after which it remained constant to the bottom at 72 m, where the dissolved oxygen was three parts per million. The vessel is protected by a very dense anaerobic concretion and lies half above a silt mound. Cross-sections of a concretion sample revealed the origina…
Metals
In Situ Preservation of Shipwreck Artifacts
Impact of Microbiological Activity and Moisture on the Surface pH of Rock Art Sites
This paper reviews the apparent impact of how changes in nitrate, sulphate activities, and moisture affect the surface pH of rock art paintings at Cueva del Ratón, in the Sierra de San Francisco in Baja California Sur, Mexico. The data was collected after atypical weather events caused rain and mist in this normally arid area. The rock art paintings had been previously examined over several years and observed the unexpected formation of silica sk…
Maritime and Coastal Archaeology (18 works) · Archaeology (17 works) · Conservation Techniques and Studies (12 works) · Geography (12 works) · Environmental Science (10 works) · Computer Science (9 works) · Geology (9 works) · History (9 works) · Corrosion Behavior and Inhibition (8 works) · Corrosion (7 works)