Jennifer Paruk
Biographic Data
| ID | 6633424 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Jennifer Paruk |
| GIVEN NAMES | Jennifer |
| FAMILY NAME | Paruk |
| SIGNATURE | PARUK J |
| AFFILIATIONS | Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey |
| ORCID | 0009-0004-4961-7754 |
| VERIFIED | No |
| TOTAL WORKS | 12 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 14 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 12 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2018 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 2 |
Gun Violence Exposure and the Perceived Need to Carry a Firearm
Gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and firearm carrying. The extent to which community-led programs aimed at reducing violence counteract these effects is unknown. This study sought to examine (1) the relationships between GVE, anticipated risk of assault, psychological distress, and the perceived need to carry a firearm for protection and (2) whether awareness of community violence intervention (CVI) ef…
Beyond Reoffending and Rearrest
There is robust evidence that juvenile justice contact during formative years is associated with deleterious outcomes. The effect of juvenile court intervention on youth homelessness, however, has received scant empirical attention despite evidence that many justice-involved youth are represented in the unhoused youth and adult population. This study leverages data collected from the Crossroads Study (N = 1115), a longitudinal, multi-site study t…
Research assistant perspectives on strategies to reduce the likelihood of experiencing vicarious trauma
A variety of strategies to prevent vicarious trauma among research assistants (RAs) exist in the literature, but there is limited evidence regarding which strategies RAs view as effective, especially in online environments. We surveyed 27 RAs who abstracted firearm violence data from court records and assessed their emotional supports outside of the study team, their engagement with the team’s vicarious trauma reduction strategies during the stud…
Youth Perceptions of Juvenile Justice Facility Staff
Youth in juvenile justice facilities are at high risk of self-directed violence (SDV; suicide attempts and self-harm). Research shows that positive youth perceptions of adults are preventive against SDV among community youth, yet it is unknown whether this extends to detained youth. Using a large national dataset, the present study examines whether, at the facility level, youth perceptions of staff are associated with rates of youth SDV over time…
Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States
Direct and indirect gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with a broad range of detrimental health effects. However, much of this research has examined the effects of a single type of GVE (e.g., being shot) on discrete outcomes (e.g., daily pain, PTSD). Since people may experience numerous types of GVE (e.g., being threatened with a gun and hearing gunshots in their neighborhood) with broad effects on their well-being, we study the associatio…
Criminogenic Risk Score Trajectories of Justice-Involved Youth
Juvenile risk assessments are standardized rating tools used by court practitioners to measure criminogenic risk in justice-involved youth. To capture individual fluctuation in risk level over time, juvenile risk assessments are often readministered throughout court supervision. The purpose of this study is to clarify the average criminogenic risk score trajectory among justice-involved youth, both in aggregate and by race/ethnicity. Analyses dra…
Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence
We present the rationale behind four types of laws that restrict access to firearms for those who are deemed to be a high risk for future gun violence and two types of laws that implement firearm purchase prohibitions. We also present evidence on the effectiveness of these laws. Broadly, these are laws that restrict access for domestic violence abusers, individuals convicted of misdemeanor violence, and individuals at high risk of violence agains…
Use of extreme risk protection orders to reduce gun violence in Oregon
Research Summary We examined petition and respondent characteristics from extreme risk protection order (ERPO) cases in Oregon for the 15 months after implementation ( n = 93). Most petitions were filed by law enforcement (65%) a were more likely to be granted than petitions filed by family/household members ( p < 0.001). Most ERPO respondents were reported by petitioners to have histories of suicidality (73%) or interpersonal violence (75%), wit…
The developmental reform in juvenile justice
Lesson learned? Mothers’ legal knowledge and juvenile rearrests
OBJECTIVE: The present study examined how mothers' personal characteristics, experience with, and attitudes toward the juvenile justice system are associated with their knowledge of the juvenile justice system over time. HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that additional exposure to the system (via sons' rearrests) would be associated with greater legal knowledge. We predicted that White women, women with higher educational attainment, and women who had…
Potential to prevent mass shootings through domestic violence firearm restrictions
Research Summary We investigated the extent to which the 89 mass shooters who committed their acts from 2014 through 2017 were known or suspected to commit domestic violence prior to the shooting, whether they had been engaged in the justice system in a way that could have led to domestic violence firearm restrictions, and why they were either not legally or not successfully restricted from firearm access. A total of 28 mass shooters were suspect…
Ethical and Practical Considerations for Collecting Research-Related Data from Commercially Sexually Exploited Children
This article presents seven challenges of collecting primary (i.e., firsthand) data from commercially sexually exploited children (CSEC). We drew on our research team's experience collecting longitudinal data from 28 CSEC survivors with a 12-month follow-up period. We used both face-to-face and electronic group brainstorming methods to nominate a list of research-related challenges. The two main themes that were identified were challenges that ca…
Potential to prevent mass shootings through domestic violence firearm restrictions
Research Summary We investigated the extent to which the 89 mass shooters who committed their acts from 2014 through 2017 were known or suspected to commit domestic violence prior to the shooting, whether they had been engaged in the justice system in a way that could have led to domestic violence firearm restrictions, and why they were either not legally or not successfully restricted from firearm access. A total of 28 mass shooters were suspect…
Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States
Direct and indirect gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with a broad range of detrimental health effects. However, much of this research has examined the effects of a single type of GVE (e.g., being shot) on discrete outcomes (e.g., daily pain, PTSD). Since people may experience numerous types of GVE (e.g., being threatened with a gun and hearing gunshots in their neighborhood) with broad effects on their well-being, we study the associatio…
Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence
We present the rationale behind four types of laws that restrict access to firearms for those who are deemed to be a high risk for future gun violence and two types of laws that implement firearm purchase prohibitions. We also present evidence on the effectiveness of these laws. Broadly, these are laws that restrict access for domestic violence abusers, individuals convicted of misdemeanor violence, and individuals at high risk of violence agains…
Use of extreme risk protection orders to reduce gun violence in Oregon
Research Summary We examined petition and respondent characteristics from extreme risk protection order (ERPO) cases in Oregon for the 15 months after implementation ( n = 93). Most petitions were filed by law enforcement (65%) a were more likely to be granted than petitions filed by family/household members ( p < 0.001). Most ERPO respondents were reported by petitioners to have histories of suicidality (73%) or interpersonal violence (75%), wit…
The developmental reform in juvenile justice
Ethical and Practical Considerations for Collecting Research-Related Data from Commercially Sexually Exploited Children
This article presents seven challenges of collecting primary (i.e., firsthand) data from commercially sexually exploited children (CSEC). We drew on our research team's experience collecting longitudinal data from 28 CSEC survivors with a 12-month follow-up period. We used both face-to-face and electronic group brainstorming methods to nominate a list of research-related challenges. The two main themes that were identified were challenges that ca…
Potential to prevent mass shootings through domestic violence firearm restrictions
Research Summary We investigated the extent to which the 89 mass shooters who committed their acts from 2014 through 2017 were known or suspected to commit domestic violence prior to the shooting, whether they had been engaged in the justice system in a way that could have led to domestic violence firearm restrictions, and why they were either not legally or not successfully restricted from firearm access. A total of 28 mass shooters were suspect…
Lesson learned? Mothers’ legal knowledge and juvenile rearrests
OBJECTIVE: The present study examined how mothers' personal characteristics, experience with, and attitudes toward the juvenile justice system are associated with their knowledge of the juvenile justice system over time. HYPOTHESES: We hypothesized that additional exposure to the system (via sons' rearrests) would be associated with greater legal knowledge. We predicted that White women, women with higher educational attainment, and women who had…
Use of extreme risk protection orders to reduce gun violence in Oregon
Research Summary We examined petition and respondent characteristics from extreme risk protection order (ERPO) cases in Oregon for the 15 months after implementation ( n = 93). Most petitions were filed by law enforcement (65%) a were more likely to be granted than petitions filed by family/household members ( p < 0.001). Most ERPO respondents were reported by petitioners to have histories of suicidality (73%) or interpersonal violence (75%), wit…
The developmental reform in juvenile justice
Criminogenic Risk Score Trajectories of Justice-Involved Youth
Juvenile risk assessments are standardized rating tools used by court practitioners to measure criminogenic risk in justice-involved youth. To capture individual fluctuation in risk level over time, juvenile risk assessments are often readministered throughout court supervision. The purpose of this study is to clarify the average criminogenic risk score trajectory among justice-involved youth, both in aggregate and by race/ethnicity. Analyses dra…
Effectiveness of Firearm Restriction, Background Checks, and Licensing Laws in Reducing Gun Violence
We present the rationale behind four types of laws that restrict access to firearms for those who are deemed to be a high risk for future gun violence and two types of laws that implement firearm purchase prohibitions. We also present evidence on the effectiveness of these laws. Broadly, these are laws that restrict access for domestic violence abusers, individuals convicted of misdemeanor violence, and individuals at high risk of violence agains…
Youth Perceptions of Juvenile Justice Facility Staff
Youth in juvenile justice facilities are at high risk of self-directed violence (SDV; suicide attempts and self-harm). Research shows that positive youth perceptions of adults are preventive against SDV among community youth, yet it is unknown whether this extends to detained youth. Using a large national dataset, the present study examines whether, at the facility level, youth perceptions of staff are associated with rates of youth SDV over time…
Gun Violence Exposure and Quality of Life in Nine US States
Direct and indirect gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with a broad range of detrimental health effects. However, much of this research has examined the effects of a single type of GVE (e.g., being shot) on discrete outcomes (e.g., daily pain, PTSD). Since people may experience numerous types of GVE (e.g., being threatened with a gun and hearing gunshots in their neighborhood) with broad effects on their well-being, we study the associatio…
Beyond Reoffending and Rearrest
There is robust evidence that juvenile justice contact during formative years is associated with deleterious outcomes. The effect of juvenile court intervention on youth homelessness, however, has received scant empirical attention despite evidence that many justice-involved youth are represented in the unhoused youth and adult population. This study leverages data collected from the Crossroads Study (N = 1115), a longitudinal, multi-site study t…
Research assistant perspectives on strategies to reduce the likelihood of experiencing vicarious trauma
A variety of strategies to prevent vicarious trauma among research assistants (RAs) exist in the literature, but there is limited evidence regarding which strategies RAs view as effective, especially in online environments. We surveyed 27 RAs who abstracted firearm violence data from court records and assessed their emotional supports outside of the study team, their engagement with the team’s vicarious trauma reduction strategies during the stud…
Gun Violence Exposure and the Perceived Need to Carry a Firearm
Gun violence exposure (GVE) is associated with adverse mental health outcomes and firearm carrying. The extent to which community-led programs aimed at reducing violence counteract these effects is unknown. This study sought to examine (1) the relationships between GVE, anticipated risk of assault, psychological distress, and the perceived need to carry a firearm for protection and (2) whether awareness of community violence intervention (CVI) ef…
Psychology (10 works) · Political science (8 works) · Medicine (7 works) · Poison control (7 works) · Computer Science (6 works) · Gun Ownership and Violence Research (6 works) · Suicide prevention (6 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (5 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (5 works) · Criminology (5 works)