Caleb D Lloyd
Biographic Data
| ID | 6635573 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Caleb D Lloyd |
| GIVEN NAMES | Caleb D |
| FAMILY NAME | Lloyd |
| SIGNATURE | LLOYD C D |
| AFFILIATIONS | Swinburne University of Technology |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-5450-3581 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 10 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 0 |
| WORKS AS AUTHOR | 10 |
| WORKS AS EDITOR | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2021 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2025 |
| H-INDEX | 0 |
Group Conferencing is Associated with Lower Rates of Repeated Recidivism Among Higher-Risk Youth and There are Enhanced Effects Based on Who Attended the Conference
We examined criminal records across adolescence for a sample of young people processed through a statewide Children’s Court ( N = 2366) between 2012 and 2018, some of who were referred to a group conferencing program ( n = 836). We also examined associations between different program elements and subsequent rates of recidivism, including victim, police, and family participation in the conference process. Recurrent-event survival analysis indicate…
Peer Mentors as Prison Volunteers
One creative way that Departments of Corrections offset costs is by relying on volunteers. Prison volunteers are a heterogeneous group, who provide various programs to incarcerated populations. One unique subset of prison volunteers are peer mentors, who are individuals who have experienced criminal justice interventions and have desisted from criminal activities. These mentors provide unique guidance to individuals who are currently incarcerated…
Trajectories of Change in Acute Dynamic Risk Ratings and Associated Risk for Recidivism in Paroled New Zealanders
Do Some Dynamic Risk Factors Signal Imminent Recidivism? Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Stable and Acute Dynamic Risk Factors
In correctional practice, acute and stable dynamic risk factors are conceptually distinct. This distinction, however, has limited empirical support. We suggest that when compared with stable factors, change in acute risk factors over short time periods should demonstrate a stronger association with imminent recidivism. Using a sample of high-risk New Zealand male parolees, we examined recidivism and change in scores on the Acute and Stable subsca…
Does Risk Change Simply Indicate Current Risk for Recidivism or Something More? A Review of the Predictive Value of Intraindividual Change
In this review article, we critically analyze the relationship between change in dynamic risk (i.e., intraindividual change) and recidivism. We start by reviewing the empirical evidence, which indicates intraindividual change is associated with recidivism. However, we highlight how the predictive value of change scores needs careful interpretation. The finding that change scores predict incrementally over baseline scores may simply reflect the im…
May I Talk to You for a Minute? An Assessment of Street Stops and Officer Decision-Making
The overwhelming majority of research on officer-initiated contacts with civilians is drawn from traffic stops, while relatively little is known about officer decision-making during non-vehicular, street stops. The current study fills this gap by examining intrusive detentions, investigatory actions and enforcement activities undertaken by the police during street stops. Using data from a racially/ethnic diverse metropolitan area, analyses examin…
An Empirical Test of the Factor Structure of the Violence Risk Scale and Its Measurement Invariance Across Time and Cultural Groups
Violence risk assessment instruments are used to inform key decisions about treatment planning and delivery, release on parole, and intensity of supervision in the community. Yet, limited published information is available about psychometric properties other than predictive validity. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across pretreatment to posttreatment and cultural groups of one of the most …
Combining Static and Dynamic Recidivism Risk Information Into the Five-Level Risk and Needs System
Communicating recidivism risk is individualized to each assessment. Labels (e.g., high, low) have no standardized meaning. In 2017, the Council of State Governments Justice Center (CSGJC) proposed a framework for standardized communication, but balancing the framework’s underlying principles of effective risk communication (and merging static and dynamic information) adds complexity. In this study, we incorporated dynamic risk scores that case ma…
Dynamic risk factors reassessed regularly after release from incarceration predict imminent violent recidivism
OBJECTIVE: In community-based corrections, reassessment of dynamic risk factors improves the prediction of recidivism relative to initial risk assessment at the time of release. However, there is less evidence for predictions of violent recidivism. We examined whether reassessment proximity or aggregation of reassessments improved the prediction of imminent violence in a sample of paroled individuals on community supervision. HYPOTHESES: We hypot…
Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians
This paper extends the stop and frisk literature from New York City by examining pedestrian stops made by San Jose, California, police officers from January 2013 through March 2016 with a particular focus on benchmarking. Using violent crime suspects and nuisance-related calls for service (CFS) as comparators, we consider whether San Jose Police Department (SJPD) officers disproportionately stopped individuals from the city’s dominant racial and …
No prominent works on this page.
Dynamic risk factors reassessed regularly after release from incarceration predict imminent violent recidivism
OBJECTIVE: In community-based corrections, reassessment of dynamic risk factors improves the prediction of recidivism relative to initial risk assessment at the time of release. However, there is less evidence for predictions of violent recidivism. We examined whether reassessment proximity or aggregation of reassessments improved the prediction of imminent violence in a sample of paroled individuals on community supervision. HYPOTHESES: We hypot…
Assessing Police Stops of Pedestrians
This paper extends the stop and frisk literature from New York City by examining pedestrian stops made by San Jose, California, police officers from January 2013 through March 2016 with a particular focus on benchmarking. Using violent crime suspects and nuisance-related calls for service (CFS) as comparators, we consider whether San Jose Police Department (SJPD) officers disproportionately stopped individuals from the city’s dominant racial and …
An Empirical Test of the Factor Structure of the Violence Risk Scale and Its Measurement Invariance Across Time and Cultural Groups
Violence risk assessment instruments are used to inform key decisions about treatment planning and delivery, release on parole, and intensity of supervision in the community. Yet, limited published information is available about psychometric properties other than predictive validity. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance across pretreatment to posttreatment and cultural groups of one of the most …
Combining Static and Dynamic Recidivism Risk Information Into the Five-Level Risk and Needs System
Communicating recidivism risk is individualized to each assessment. Labels (e.g., high, low) have no standardized meaning. In 2017, the Council of State Governments Justice Center (CSGJC) proposed a framework for standardized communication, but balancing the framework’s underlying principles of effective risk communication (and merging static and dynamic information) adds complexity. In this study, we incorporated dynamic risk scores that case ma…
Do Some Dynamic Risk Factors Signal Imminent Recidivism? Testing the Conceptual Distinction Between Stable and Acute Dynamic Risk Factors
In correctional practice, acute and stable dynamic risk factors are conceptually distinct. This distinction, however, has limited empirical support. We suggest that when compared with stable factors, change in acute risk factors over short time periods should demonstrate a stronger association with imminent recidivism. Using a sample of high-risk New Zealand male parolees, we examined recidivism and change in scores on the Acute and Stable subsca…
Does Risk Change Simply Indicate Current Risk for Recidivism or Something More? A Review of the Predictive Value of Intraindividual Change
In this review article, we critically analyze the relationship between change in dynamic risk (i.e., intraindividual change) and recidivism. We start by reviewing the empirical evidence, which indicates intraindividual change is associated with recidivism. However, we highlight how the predictive value of change scores needs careful interpretation. The finding that change scores predict incrementally over baseline scores may simply reflect the im…
May I Talk to You for a Minute? An Assessment of Street Stops and Officer Decision-Making
The overwhelming majority of research on officer-initiated contacts with civilians is drawn from traffic stops, while relatively little is known about officer decision-making during non-vehicular, street stops. The current study fills this gap by examining intrusive detentions, investigatory actions and enforcement activities undertaken by the police during street stops. Using data from a racially/ethnic diverse metropolitan area, analyses examin…
Trajectories of Change in Acute Dynamic Risk Ratings and Associated Risk for Recidivism in Paroled New Zealanders
Group Conferencing is Associated with Lower Rates of Repeated Recidivism Among Higher-Risk Youth and There are Enhanced Effects Based on Who Attended the Conference
We examined criminal records across adolescence for a sample of young people processed through a statewide Children’s Court ( N = 2366) between 2012 and 2018, some of who were referred to a group conferencing program ( n = 836). We also examined associations between different program elements and subsequent rates of recidivism, including victim, police, and family participation in the conference process. Recurrent-event survival analysis indicate…
Peer Mentors as Prison Volunteers
One creative way that Departments of Corrections offset costs is by relying on volunteers. Prison volunteers are a heterogeneous group, who provide various programs to incarcerated populations. One unique subset of prison volunteers are peer mentors, who are individuals who have experienced criminal justice interventions and have desisted from criminal activities. These mentors provide unique guidance to individuals who are currently incarcerated…
Psychology (10 works) · Clinical Psychology (7 works) · Crime Patterns and Interventions (7 works) · Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis (7 works) · Psychopathy, Forensic Psychiatry, Sexual Offending (7 works) · Medicine (6 works) · Recidivism (6 works) · Risk assessment (5 works) · Computer security (4 works) · Criminology (4 works)