J W Young
Biographic Data
| ID | 66429 |
|---|---|
| NAME | J W Young |
| GIVEN NAMES | J W |
| FAMILY NAME | Young |
| SIGNATURE | YOUNG J W |
| AFFILIATIONS | Northeast Ohio Medical University |
| ORCID | 0000-0001-5358-9339 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 36 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 148 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 36 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1986 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Ontogenetic Changes in Intrinsic Hand and Foot Proportions in Chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes
Does Platycnemia Develop in Squatting Populations as a Response to Torsional Rotation Across the Subadult Growth Plate?
Developmental milestones in captive Galago moholi
Systems of the body develop in a modular manner. For example, neural development in primates is generally rapid, whereas dental development varies much more. In the present study, we examined development of the skull, teeth, and postcrania in a highly specialized leaping primate, Galago moholi . Eighteen specimens ranging from birth to adult were studied. Bones, teeth, and the cranial cavity (i.e., endocast) were reconstructed with Amira software…
Assessing the Determinants of Platyrrhine Quadrupedal Gait Kinematics in an Ecological and Phylogenetic Framework
Laboratory studies have broadened our understanding of primate arboreal locomotor biomechanics and adaptation but are necessarily limited in species availability and substrate complexity. In this field study, we filmed the locomotion of 11 species of platyrrhines (Ecuador and Costa Rica; n = 1234 strides) and remotely measured substrate diameter and orientation. We then explored ecological and phylogenetic influences on quadrupedal kinematics in …
Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate evolution
Increased performance in juvenile baboons is consistent with ontogenetic changes in morphology
OBJECTIVES: In many primates, the greater proportion of climbing and suspensory behaviors in the juvenile repertoire likely necessitates good grasping capacities. Here, we tested whether very young individuals show near-maximal levels of grasping strength, and whether such an early onset of grasping performance could be explained by ontogenetic variability in the morphology of the limbs in baboons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We quantified a performanc…
Not all fine-branch locomotion is equal: Grasping morphology determines locomotor performance on narrow supports
The effects of natural substrate discontinuities on the quadrupedal gait kinematics of free‐ranging Saimiri sciureus
Wild primates encounter complex matrices of substrates that differ in size, orientation, height, and compliance, and often move on multiple, discontinuous substrates within a single bout of locomotion. Our current understanding of primate gait is limited by artificial laboratory settings in which primate quadrupedal gait has primarily been studied. This study analyzes wild Saimiri sciureus (common squirrel monkey) gait on discontinuous substrates…
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free‐ranging platyrrhines
OBJECTIVES: Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ran…
My branch is your branch: Talar morphology correlates with relative substrate size in platyrrhines at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Behavioral implications of ontogenetic changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions in olive baboons ( Papio Anubis )
OBJECTIVES: Relatively long digits are considered to enhance grasping performance in primates. We tested whether growth-related changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions may have behavioral implications for growing animals, by examining whether ontogenetic changes in digital proportions are related to variation in voluntary grasping behaviors in baboons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal morphological and behavioral data were collected on …
Developments in development: What have we learned from primate locomotor ontogeny
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First…
Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella )
Young primates have relatively large hands and feet for their body size, perhaps enhancing grasping ability. We test the hypothesis that selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for these scaling trends by examining the ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella ). If selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for the observed patterns of hand and foot growth …
Angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets ( C allithrix jacchus )
Despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. We provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in an arboreal primate, the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), predicting that primates should maximize arboreal stability by minimizing side‐to‐side angular momentum about the support (i.e., L sup …
Body size and the small branch niche: Using marsupial ontogeny to model primate locomotor evolution
Gait selection and the ontogeny of quadrupedal walking in squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Locomotor researchers have long known that adult primates employ a unique footfall sequence during walking. Most mammals use lateral sequence (LS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forefoot touchdowns. In contrast, most quadrupedal primates use diagonal sequence (DS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by contralateral forefoot touchdowns. However, gait selection in immature primates is more variable, …
Ontogeny of limb force distribution in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis): Insights into the mechanical bases of primate hind limb dominance
Tail growth tracks the ontogeny of prehensile tail use in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and C. apella )
Physical anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to the structure and function of the primate prehensile tail. Nevertheless, previous morphological studies have concentrated solely on adults, despite behavioral evidence that among many primate taxa, including capuchin monkeys, infants and juveniles use their prehensile tails during a greater number and greater variety of positional behaviors than do adults. In this study, we track cau…
Ending 'East of Suez: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964-1968. By P.L. Pham
Journal Article Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968. By P.L. Pham. Get access Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968. By P.L. Pham. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010. x + 264 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-958036-1, £55.00. John W. Young John W. Young University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Sc…
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Substrate determines asymmetrical gait dynamics in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) and squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Studies of skeletal pathology indicate that injury from falling accounts for most long bone trauma in free‐ranging primates, suggesting that primates should be under strong selection to manifest morphological and behavioral mechanisms that increase stability on arboreal substrates. Although previous studies have identified several kinematic and kinetic features of primate symmetrical gaits that serve to increase arboreal stability, very little wo…
Body mass distribution and gait mechanics in fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)
British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964-71 (Parts I, II and III)
Journal Article British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964–71 (Parts I, II and III) Get access British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964–71 (Parts I, II and III), ed. S.R. Ashton and Wm Roger Louis (London: The Stationery Office, 2004; pp. cxliv + 477; pp. xxxii + 481; pp. xxxiv + 639. £190 each or £390 the set). John W Young John W Yo…
Integrative primate biology
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Substrate determines asymmetrical gait dynamics in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) and squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Studies of skeletal pathology indicate that injury from falling accounts for most long bone trauma in free‐ranging primates, suggesting that primates should be under strong selection to manifest morphological and behavioral mechanisms that increase stability on arboreal substrates. Although previous studies have identified several kinematic and kinetic features of primate symmetrical gaits that serve to increase arboreal stability, very little wo…
Body mass distribution and gait mechanics in fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)
Developments in development: What have we learned from primate locomotor ontogeny
The importance of locomotion to evolutionary fitness has led to extensive study of primate locomotor behavior, morphology and ecology. Most previous research has focused on adult primates, but in the last few decades, increased attention to locomotor development has provided new insights toward our broader understanding of primate adaptation and evolution. Here, we review the contributions of this body of work from three basic perspectives. First…
Gait selection and the ontogeny of quadrupedal walking in squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Locomotor researchers have long known that adult primates employ a unique footfall sequence during walking. Most mammals use lateral sequence (LS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forefoot touchdowns. In contrast, most quadrupedal primates use diagonal sequence (DS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by contralateral forefoot touchdowns. However, gait selection in immature primates is more variable, …
Ontogeny of limb force distribution in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis): Insights into the mechanical bases of primate hind limb dominance
Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella )
Young primates have relatively large hands and feet for their body size, perhaps enhancing grasping ability. We test the hypothesis that selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for these scaling trends by examining the ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella ). If selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for the observed patterns of hand and foot growth …
Body size and the small branch niche: Using marsupial ontogeny to model primate locomotor evolution
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets ( C allithrix jacchus )
Despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. We provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in an arboreal primate, the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), predicting that primates should maximize arboreal stability by minimizing side‐to‐side angular momentum about the support (i.e., L sup …
Behavioral implications of ontogenetic changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions in olive baboons ( Papio Anubis )
OBJECTIVES: Relatively long digits are considered to enhance grasping performance in primates. We tested whether growth-related changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions may have behavioral implications for growing animals, by examining whether ontogenetic changes in digital proportions are related to variation in voluntary grasping behaviors in baboons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal morphological and behavioral data were collected on …
Tail growth tracks the ontogeny of prehensile tail use in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and C. apella )
Physical anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to the structure and function of the primate prehensile tail. Nevertheless, previous morphological studies have concentrated solely on adults, despite behavioral evidence that among many primate taxa, including capuchin monkeys, infants and juveniles use their prehensile tails during a greater number and greater variety of positional behaviors than do adults. In this study, we track cau…
Increased performance in juvenile baboons is consistent with ontogenetic changes in morphology
OBJECTIVES: In many primates, the greater proportion of climbing and suspensory behaviors in the juvenile repertoire likely necessitates good grasping capacities. Here, we tested whether very young individuals show near-maximal levels of grasping strength, and whether such an early onset of grasping performance could be explained by ontogenetic variability in the morphology of the limbs in baboons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We quantified a performanc…
Britain and 'LBJ's War', 1964-68
This article focuses on the policy of the British government towards the Vietnam War in the years when US involvement was escalated by the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson. Following a brief review of the existing literature and the historical background, and drawing on both newly released documentary evidence and recent academic research, it provides a survey of British reasons for supporting US policy despite doubts about the direction Johns…
Not all fine-branch locomotion is equal: Grasping morphology determines locomotor performance on narrow supports
Effects of substrate and phylogeny on quadrupedal gait in free‐ranging platyrrhines
OBJECTIVES: Primate diagonal sequence (DS) gaits are often argued to be an adaptation for moving and foraging in the fine-branch niche; however, existing data have come predominantly from laboratory studies that are limited in taxonomic breadth and fail to account for the structural and ecological variation of natural substrates. We test the extent to which substrate diameter and orientation influence gait sequence type and limb phase in free-ran…
Churchill, the Russians and the Western Alliance: The three-power conference at Bermuda, December 1953
Churchill, the Russians and the Western Alliance: the three-power conference at Bermuda, December 1953 Get access J. W. YOUNG J. W. YOUNG University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CI, Issue CCCCI, October 1986, Pages 889–912, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CI.CCCCI.889 Published: 01 October 1986
My branch is your branch: Talar morphology correlates with relative substrate size in platyrrhines at Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Ecuador
Jumping performance in tree squirrels: Insights into primate evolution
Churchill, the Russians and the Western Alliance: The three-power conference at Bermuda, December 1953
Churchill, the Russians and the Western Alliance: the three-power conference at Bermuda, December 1953 Get access J. W. YOUNG J. W. YOUNG University of Leeds Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CI, Issue CCCCI, October 1986, Pages 889–912, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CI.CCCCI.889 Published: 01 October 1986
Frankreich und die Deutsche Einheit: Die Haltung der Franzosischen Regierung und Offentlichkeit zu den Stalin-Noten 1952
Frankreich und die Deutsche Einheit: die Haltung der Französischen Regierung und Öffentlichkeit zu den Stalin-Noten 1952 Get access John W. Young John W. Young Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar German History, Volume 8, Issue 1, January 1990, Pages 125–126, https://doi.org/10.1093/gh/8.1.125 Published: 01 January 1990
French Diplomacy
Shorter Notices
SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN WILSON YOUNG JOHN WILSON YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXI, Issue 443, September 1996, Pages 1032-b–1033, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXI.443.1032-b Published: 01 September 1996
Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXII, Issue 449, November 1997, Pages 1347–1348, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXII.449.1347 Published: 01 November 1997
Shorter Notices
Journal Article SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXIII, Issue 453, September 1998, Pages 1035–1036, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXIII.453.1035 Published: 01 September 1998
Shorter Notices
SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOHN W. YOUNG JOHN W. YOUNG University of Leicester Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CXIII, Issue 452, June 1998, Pages 804–805, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CXIII.452.804 Published: 01 June 1998
Churchill and the Soviet Union, David Carlton
Journal Article Churchill and the Soviet Union, David Carlton Get access John W. Young John W. Young University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 116, Issue 465, February 2001, Pages 274–275, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.465.274 Published: 01 February 2001
Britain and 'LBJ's War', 1964-68
This article focuses on the policy of the British government towards the Vietnam War in the years when US involvement was escalated by the administration of Lyndon B. Johnson. Following a brief review of the existing literature and the historical background, and drawing on both newly released documentary evidence and recent academic research, it provides a survey of British reasons for supporting US policy despite doubts about the direction Johns…
The Labour Party and the World. Vol. I: The Evolution of Labour's Foreign Policy, 1900-51
1University of Nottingham The Labour Party and the World. Vol. I: The Evolution of Labour’s Foreign Policy, 1900–51 Rhiannon Vickers Manchester Manchester U.P. 2003 232 Paperback£14.99
New findings from integrative and comparative research
British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964-71 (Parts I, II and III)
Journal Article British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964–71 (Parts I, II and III) Get access British Documents on the End of Empire (Series A, Vol. 5): East of Suez and the Commonwealth, 1964–71 (Parts I, II and III), ed. S.R. Ashton and Wm Roger Louis (London: The Stationery Office, 2004; pp. cxliv + 477; pp. xxxii + 481; pp. xxxiv + 639. £190 each or £390 the set). John W Young John W Yo…
Integrative primate biology
Body mass distribution and gait mechanics in fat-tailed dwarf lemurs (Cheirogaleus medius) and patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas)
Substrate determines asymmetrical gait dynamics in marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) and squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Studies of skeletal pathology indicate that injury from falling accounts for most long bone trauma in free‐ranging primates, suggesting that primates should be under strong selection to manifest morphological and behavioral mechanisms that increase stability on arboreal substrates. Although previous studies have identified several kinematic and kinetic features of primate symmetrical gaits that serve to increase arboreal stability, very little wo…
Ending 'East of Suez: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964-1968. By P.L. Pham
Journal Article Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968. By P.L. Pham. Get access Ending ‘East of Suez’: The British Decision to Withdraw from Malaysia and Singapore, 1964–1968. By P.L. Pham. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010. x + 264 pp. ISBN 978-0-19-958036-1, £55.00. John W. Young John W. Young University of Nottingham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Sc…
Is primate-like quadrupedalism necessary for fine-branch locomotion? A test using sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps)
Tail growth tracks the ontogeny of prehensile tail use in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and C. apella )
Physical anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to the structure and function of the primate prehensile tail. Nevertheless, previous morphological studies have concentrated solely on adults, despite behavioral evidence that among many primate taxa, including capuchin monkeys, infants and juveniles use their prehensile tails during a greater number and greater variety of positional behaviors than do adults. In this study, we track cau…
Gait selection and the ontogeny of quadrupedal walking in squirrel monkeys ( Saimiri boliviensis )
Locomotor researchers have long known that adult primates employ a unique footfall sequence during walking. Most mammals use lateral sequence (LS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by ipsilateral forefoot touchdowns. In contrast, most quadrupedal primates use diagonal sequence (DS) gaits, in which hind foot touchdowns are followed by contralateral forefoot touchdowns. However, gait selection in immature primates is more variable, …
Ontogeny of limb force distribution in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis): Insights into the mechanical bases of primate hind limb dominance
Body size and the small branch niche: Using marsupial ontogeny to model primate locomotor evolution
Angular momentum and arboreal stability in common marmosets ( C allithrix jacchus )
Despite the importance that concepts of arboreal stability have in theories of primate locomotor evolution, we currently lack measures of balance performance during primate locomotion. We provide the first quantitative data on locomotor stability in an arboreal primate, the common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus ), predicting that primates should maximize arboreal stability by minimizing side‐to‐side angular momentum about the support (i.e., L sup …
Grasping primate development: Ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella )
Young primates have relatively large hands and feet for their body size, perhaps enhancing grasping ability. We test the hypothesis that selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for these scaling trends by examining the ontogeny of intrinsic hand and foot proportions in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Sapajus apella ). If selection for improved grasping ability is responsible for the observed patterns of hand and foot growth …
A user's guide for the quantitative analysis of substrate characteristics and locomotor kinematics in free‐ranging primates
OBJECTIVES: Laboratory studies have yielded important insights into primate locomotor mechanics. Nevertheless, laboratory studies fail to capture the range of ecological and structural variation encountered by free-ranging primates. We present techniques for collecting kinematic data on wild primates using consumer grade high-speed cameras and demonstrate novel methods for quantifying metric variation in arboreal substrates. MATERIALS AND METHODS…
Behavioral implications of ontogenetic changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions in olive baboons ( Papio Anubis )
OBJECTIVES: Relatively long digits are considered to enhance grasping performance in primates. We tested whether growth-related changes in intrinsic hand and foot proportions may have behavioral implications for growing animals, by examining whether ontogenetic changes in digital proportions are related to variation in voluntary grasping behaviors in baboons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal morphological and behavioral data were collected on …
Primate Behavior and Ecology (22 works) · Biology (19 works) · Anatomy (16 works) · Primate (15 works) · Anatomy (13 works) · Ecology (12 works) · Computer Science (11 works) · Ecology (10 works) · Library science (10 works) · Amphibian and Reptile Biology (9 works)