M E L Hall
Biographic Data
| ID | 66865 |
|---|---|
| NAME | M E L Hall |
| GIVEN NAMES | M E L |
| FAMILY NAME | Hall |
| SIGNATURE | HALL M E L |
| AFFILIATIONS | Biola University |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-6342-4340 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 76 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 84 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 76 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 0 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1996 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2026 |
| H-INDEX | 4 |
Honest to God: A Qualitative Study of Engaging with God in Lament
Lament is an ancient form of prayer that has been neglected in American Christianity. Biblical lament—seen throughout scripture and particularly in the psalms—typically follows a pattern: the sufferer addresses God, brings an honest complaint to God, makes a request of God, reminds themself of God’s past work on their behalf, and ends in expressions of confidence in God in a posture of active, willing surrender. After participating in a four-week…
In search of biblical masculinity: Exploring masculinities among married White Evangelical complementarian church leaders
The development of the Christian Views of Suffering Scale
Lament: Measuring a Christian Meaning-Making Coping Practice
Research demonstrates that people draw on their religions in coping with difficult life circumstances, and that more religious people tend to cope better than less religious people. Lament is a religious prayer practice that constitutes a form of meaning-making coping. Here, we explicate this form of coping and, in a series of three studies with Christian participants, report on the development of a lament scale. In the first study, we develop it…
Handle With Care: The Effects of Benevolent Sexism on Christian Cross-Sex Friendships
The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of benevolent sexism on cross-sex friendships among evangelical Christians. This study consisted of 13 male and 13 female participants, with ages ranging from 25 to 59 ( M = 35.77, SD = 10.86). We analyzed interviews using grounded theory methodology. Results indicated that Christians hold gender-based assumptions that are consistent with benevolent sexism. These benevolently sexist assumptions…
When Does Identifying With Christ’s Suffering Help? A Moderated Moderation Analysis
While religious coping has been extensively linked with positive outcomes, many emic religious coping resources have been insufficiently explored from a psychological perspective. This study investigated the efficacy of a Christian meaning-making coping method, identification with Christ’s suffering, in ameliorating the negative relation between stressor severity and well-being (i.e., anxiety, depression, life satisfaction) in an international sa…
When suffering contradicts belief: Measuring theodical struggling
Religious affiliation moderates associations between theodicies and mental health in people experiencing significant suffering from bereavement, illness and other stressors
Theodicies have been associated with mental health in several studies. However, little research on theodicies has been conducted with people in the midst of significant suffering. Further, religious traditions differ in theodical content and function in easing suffering. We examined associations between theodicies and mental health in people facing significant suffering and the extent to which they are influenced by Christian religious affiliatio…
Spiritual Surrender: Initial Appraisals of Cancer Diagnoses in Black Christian Women
The basis of the meaning-making model is that distress results from discrepancies between one's global meaning system and one's situational appraisals of negative life events. This model suggests a preventative function for religion when religious global beliefs inform situational appraisals in ways that minimize distress. Using consensual qualitative research, we evaluated the initial reactions to a cancer diagnosis of 29 Black Christian women. …
The lived religion of grace: Exploring diverse Christian narratives
An Undeserved Gift from God: Conservative Christian Experiences of Divine Grace
The reception of God’s grace is a salient spiritual experience and is one that lies at the heart of Christianity. The present study sought to address a gap in the psychological literature pertaining to the experience of divine grace among Protestant Christians in a qualitative study with 30 adult self-identified Protestant Christians. By using Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory data analysis, themes emerged to reveal how these Christians concei…
Purity Culture: Measurement and Relationship to Domestic Violence Myth Acceptance
Though discussed extensively in popular culture, purity culture, a conservative Christian movement that builds on traditional sexual ethics by proscribing additional rules and regulations to govern sexual behaviors and prioritize virginity, has scarcely been examined from a psychological perspective. The present study was designed to develop and validate a measure of purity culture, the Purity Culture Beliefs Scale (PCBS). We explore and confirm …
Growing in grace: How the experience of divine grace cultivates humility
The perception that one is a recipient of divine grace is a salient spiritual experience and is one that lies at the heart of Christianity. This qualitative study sought to address a gap in the psychological literature regarding how the perceived experience of divine grace enacts internal change. For the sake of this study, grace was defined as God’s undeserved gifts to believers. Thirty adult, self-identified evangelical Christians were intervie…
Moving from is to ought: The relation between primals and moral foundations
Primal world beliefs theoretically operate outside of conscious awareness, influencing perception, appraisals of stimuli, and behaviours. Moral foundations theory proposes that intuitions are the primary determinants of moral decisions. Existing research suggests an important role for religiosity in influencing morality. In this online study of 271 Christians, we hypothesised the primals would predict moral foundations above and beyond the varian…
God wastes nothing: A consensual qualitative study of coping among Catholic individuals with cancer diagnoses
While religious meaning-making has been extensively studied, emic religious coping remains largely unexplored. This consensual qualitative research study explored Catholic cancer survivors' ( N = 22) descriptions of drawing on their religious framework throughout their cancer journeys. Findings revealed distinctive Catholic resources such as the power of blessings, drawing comfort from the saints and sacraments, and "offering up" suffering as a f…
Suffering with Christ: Emic christian coping and relation to well-being
Current measures of religious coping are generally etic in nature, measuring constructs across religions. Emic variables (i.e., those specific to particular religions) are often left out, which limits our ability to assess religious/spiritual coping during times of stress and adversity. Here we provide findings from three studies we conducted to develop and test an emic Christian meaning-making coping method: identifying with Christ in his suffer…
Gender Role Ideologies, Marital Satisfaction, and Eudaimonic Well-Being in Evangelical Women
Recent research has demonstrated that egalitarian gender role ideologies are associated with higher marital satisfaction and higher psychological well-being. However, there has been little research investigating whether gender role ideologies in Evangelical populations follow these same trends. The current study examined how gender role ideologies in an Evangelical population are related to marital satisfaction and eudaimonic well-being, as well …
Marital Status at First Intercourse in Married Christian Women: Relationships with Guilt, Sanctification of Sexuality, and Marital Satisfaction
Previous research has demonstrated that women experience higher levels of guilt compared with men at first sexual intercourse. Research also indicates that guilt is related to religiosity and to level of relational commitment. However, there has been no research on the correlates of sexual debut in a Christian population. This study compares the experiences of married Christian women who had first intercourse before or after marriage on guilt, sa…
“All the Different Pieces of Me Being Integrated”: Religion/Spirituality and Identity in Working Christian Mothers
The current qualitative study explored experiences of religion/spirituality and their impact on women’s identities among Christian working mothers in academia. Thirty semi-structured interviews were conducted and the data analyzed using the grounded theory method. The resultant themes reflected the roles and functions of religion/spirituality in women’s lives and in their identities, primarily by establishing a core sense of self that unified all…
Attachment to God and Quest as Moderators of the Relationship between Religious Doubt and Mental Health
The present study examined attachment to God and quest as potential moderators of the relationship between religious doubt and mental health. A sample of Christian participants ( N = 235) completed a survey which included measures of attachment to God, quest, religious doubt, and mental health. As hypothesized, attachment to God and quest significantly moderated an individual’s experience of religious doubt. Low avoidant attachment to God (i.e., …
Christian functional views of suffering: A review and theoretical overview
We argue that advancing our understanding of religious meaning-making in the face of trauma and suffering requires greater attention to the specific meanings of suffering that religions offer, and offer an overview of eight functional Christian views of suffering. The beliefs people hold about the traumas they experience lead to differing forms of engagement with their suffering. We first situate religious meanings of suffering in the psychologic…
Re-imagining Integration: Student and Faculty Perspectives on Integration Training at Christian Doctoral Programs
Several explicitly Christian doctoral psychology programs exist in the United States, providing training in the integration of psychology and Christianity. The purpose of this study was to conduct a program evaluation of student and faculty perspectives on the Christian integration training in six explicitly Christian doctoral psychology programs. A total of 299 students and 51 faculty completed the Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale and a questio…
The Relationship between Purity Culture and Rape Myth Acceptance
The current study investigated the relationship between purity culture, rape myth acceptance, and intrinsic religiosity in the Christian population. Specifically, this study explored if purity culture endorsement would be associated with increased rape myth acceptance and increased likelihood of incorrectly labeling rape. It was also examined whether intrinsic religiosity would ameliorate the relationship between purity culture and rape myth acce…
The Christian Sanctification of Suffering Scale: Measure development and relationship to well-being
Sanctification theory proposes that when people appraise an aspect of life as having divine character and significance, this can lead to a number of positive outcomes. While questions remain as to whether a negative aspect of life – suffering – can be sanctified, the Christian tradition supports a sanctification approach. In a series of three online cross-sectional studies with Christian participants, we report on the development of a Christian s…
Trust in God: An evaluative review of the literature and research proposal
Until recently, psychologists have conceptualised and studied trust in God (TIG) largely in isolation from contemporary work in theology, philosophy, history, and biblical studies that has examined the topic with increasing clarity. In this article, we first review the primary ways that psychologists have conceptualised and measured TIG. Then, we draw on conceptualizations of TIG outside the psychology of religion to provide a conceptual map for …
Mothers and Mental Labor: A Phenomenological Focus Group Study of Family-Related Thinking Work
Mental labor is an under-researched and long-invisible component of family work. Scholars have described mental labor as important, taxing, and disproportionately performed by mothers compared to fathers. However, operational definitions used in these studies were only preliminary and lack unified terminology. Answering calls for expanded views of household labor and better definitions of its content, we undertook a phenomenological investigation…
Ethnicity, Acculturation, and Religiosity as Predictors of Female College Students' Role Expectations
Religion and Sexism: The Moderating Role of Participant Gender
Breaking the Mold: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers in Christian Academia and Their Experiences of Spousal Support
Women who have chosen to invest in multiple roles as wife, mother, and professional often experience difficulty in balancing these roles. However, research shows that spousal support for women investing in multiple roles can be an important factor in their experience of distress. The authors conduct qualitative interviews designed to gather experiential information with 30 women who are both faculty members at Christian universities around the co…
Tangible Experiences of Grace: A Qualitative Investigation of Divine Grace in Roman Catholics
I Became a Mom’: Identity Changes in Mothers Receiving Public Assistance
This phenomenological study used individual, semistructured, face-to-face interviews to explore motherhood experiences among 15 women receiving public assistance in a large urban area on the West coast. A primary phenomenon observed was that motherhood was described as an experience of identity change, with resulting emotional, behavioral, and sense-of-self changes. Within this broad theme, two categories emerged: the experience and process of ch…
God wastes nothing: A consensual qualitative study of coping among Catholic individuals with cancer diagnoses
While religious meaning-making has been extensively studied, emic religious coping remains largely unexplored. This consensual qualitative research study explored Catholic cancer survivors' ( N = 22) descriptions of drawing on their religious framework throughout their cancer journeys. Findings revealed distinctive Catholic resources such as the power of blessings, drawing comfort from the saints and sacraments, and "offering up" suffering as a f…
Testimony and meaning: A qualitative study of Black women with cancer diagnoses
We discuss testimony as a narrative structure and highlight its importance in informing culturally sensitive interventions aimed at supporting Black women with cancer. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved)
Expanding the Self: Motherhood and Identity Development in Faculty Women
Research on women's identity development has indicated that women generally form and view their identities within the context of their relationships and connections to others. Previous research has looked at various aspects of motherhood identity including paradoxical, conflictual, and ambivalent components of motherhood. The current study contributes by exploring 30 university faculty women's personal experiences of motherhood through a grounded…
The Therapist in a Missions Context: Avoiding Dual Role Conflicts
Recent involvement of mental health workers in the task of world missions has led to greater awareness of the ethical challenges faced in this context. The challenge of avoiding dual role conflicts is addressed here. Dual role conflicts occur when the therapist's involvement with the client in a role other than that of therapist jeopardizes the client's well-being by interfering with the therapy or harming the client. The characteristics of the m…
Integration in the Therapy Room: An Overview of the Literature
Clinical integration refers to the incorporation of religious or spiritual beliefs, values, and methods into the process of psychotherapy that results in a different way of being as a therapist, understanding the client, and/or doing therapy. Two goals are pursued in this article: (a) to provide an overview of what has been done in clinical integration over the past 25 years; and (b) to point the reader to resources in each of the areas addressed…
Psychology and Missions: The Role of the Mental Health Professional in Member Care
The Relationship of Object Relations Development to Cultural Adjustment in a Missionary Sample
The present study investigated the relationship between level of object relations and cross-cultural adjustment in a missionary sample. It was hypothesized that the ego functions of current object relations, thought processes, reality testing, defensive functioning, and regulation of drives would be related to psychological and sociocultural adjustment. One hundred and sixty missionaries living in 46 countries completed a questionnaire assessing …
Married Women in Missions: The Effects of Cross-Cultural and Self Gender-Role Expectations on Well-Being, Stress, and Self-Esteem
The present study explored the effects of self-expectations and societal expectations of the host culture on the well-being of 37 married missionary women. The results did not support a relationship between the expectations of the host culture, and well-being. Homemakers appeared to be more relaxed and to experience life as more satisfying and interesting than women involved more actively in the missions task. The congruence of roles with self-ex…
God as Cause or Error: Academic Psychology as Christian Vocation
Christian psychologists can find it challenging to work in the context of secular psychology, with its presuppositions of methodological naturalism and its secularizing values. Unthinking engagement with the secular field of psychology can result in significant problems that must be carefully navigated by the Christian scholar. The doctrine of providence is briefly presented as an important theological foundation for an academic vocation in psych…
Calling and Conflict: A Qualitative Exploration of Interrole Conflict and the Sanctification of Work in Christian Mothers in Academia
This study investigated the role of spirituality in working Christian mothers coping with tension due to interrole conflict, in light of past research suggesting a relationship between spirituality and coping constructs. Interviews with 32 mothers working in Christian academia were examined using a post hoc analysis of content informed by principles of grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1998). Several aspects of a sense of calling emerged that ap…
Psychological and Spiritual Predictors of Domains of Functioning and Effectiveness of Short-Term Missionaries
The present study investigated how psychopathology, current object relations, and spiritual development relate to short-term missionary performance and psychological distress. Forty short-term missionaries completed questionnaires measuring psychopathology, object relations, and spirituality before going overseas. Participants and their supervisors completed questionnaires assessing performance and psychological distress before returning home. Pr…
Introduction to the Special Issue on Gender and Christianity
Ethnicity, Acculturation, and Religiosity as Predictors of Female College Students' Role Expectations
The role of spiritual and psychological development in the cross-cultural adjustment of missionaries
The present study investigated the relationship between spiritual development, and both psychological development and cross-cultural adjustment in a group of missionaries. It was hypothesized that spiritual development would be positively related to psychological development as viewed from a relational psychodynamic perspective. It was also hypothesized that spiritual development would be positively related to psychological and sociocultural cros…
Breaking the Mold: A Qualitative Exploration of Mothers in Christian Academia and Their Experiences of Spousal Support
Women who have chosen to invest in multiple roles as wife, mother, and professional often experience difficulty in balancing these roles. However, research shows that spousal support for women investing in multiple roles can be an important factor in their experience of distress. The authors conduct qualitative interviews designed to gather experiential information with 30 women who are both faculty members at Christian universities around the co…
Integration in Hong Kong: A phenomenological Study of Chinese Christian Therapists
The voices of other cultures need to be heard in the growing field of the integration of psychology and theology. This study phenomenologically explored the experience of integration for Chinese Christian therapists practicing in Hong Kong. The emerging themes placed the context of integration outside of the Hong Kong culture, with psychology and Christianity as foreign to the Chinese culture. Integration was founded on a dynamic and committed re…
The 16PF and Marital Satisfaction Inventory as Predictors of Missionary Job Success
The present study evaluated the 16PF and Marital Satisfaction Inventory (MSI) in terms of their ability to predict missionary success, as measured by supervisor evaluations and attrition data. A sample of 158 missionary candidates from a large, evangelical mission agency completed the 16PF and the MSI as part of the application process to become career missionaries. The supervisor's recommendations for return to the team were positively correlate…
The Other Side of the Podium: Student Perspectives on Learning Integration
Student perspectives on the transmission of integration in integrative programs were examined through a qualitative study. Participants in the study were 595 graduate and undergraduate students (305 women and 247 men) drawn from four Evangelical Christian institutions of higher education. Participants provided written data in response to three open-ended questions, inquiring about the exemplary and helpful aspects of their educational experiences…
Pilgrims’ Progress: Faculty and University Factors in Graduate Student Integration of Faith and Profession
Graduate students’ perspectives on integration of faith and profession were investigated using item response to identify underlying constructs. Students (N = 595) from various professions and four universities were sampled. Three factors were supported as separate and important constructs for students. The first two factors were drawn from Sorenson's research on attachment theory, faculty as bulwark of the faith versus fellow sojourner and facult…
Psychological functioning of international missionaries: Introduction to the special issue
In our constantly shrinking world, it has become increasingly important to understand and negotiate the intricacies of cross-cultural contact. Each year, large numbers of individuals migrate across
The Role of Suffering in Human Flourishing: Contributions from Positive Psychology, Theology, and Philosophy
Should alleviating suffering always be the primary goal in treatment? This paper proposes that suffering can best be understood in the context of the flourishing life, from the intersecting vantage points of positive psychology, philosophy of theology. We further argue that in this context, we can articulate a role for suffering. Suffering can be understood as a marker of disordered living, a means of cultivating characteristics that are essentia…
Adult Attachment, God Attachment and Gender in Relation to Perceived Stress
This study examines whether adult attachment, God attachment and gender are related to perceived stress. Based on the literature on these variables, it was expected that adult and God attachment would predict perceived stress, that God attachment would have incremental validity over adult attachment in predicting perceived stress and that gender would be a moderator in the relationship between attachment and perceived stress. Two hundred seventy-…
Asian and female in the white God's world: A qualitative exploration of discrimination in Christian academia
This study is a phenomenological exploration of discrimination experiences among 11 Asian/Asian-American female faculty at various Christian universities, with a specific focus on the characteristics of the Christian academic environment which contribute to those experiences. Participants completed a 90-minute semi-structured interview. Ten of the 11 women described experiences where they perceived being treated differently due to race and/or gen…
Sanctified Sexism: Religious Beliefs and the Gender Harassment of Academic Women
The present study explored gender harassment in the context of Christian higher education. Specifically, we examined ways in which the theologically based gender schemas in these settings might affect the experiences of harassment among male and female faculty. A questionnaire containing measures of harassment and two aspects of institutional climate (the degree to which the participant feels he or she has influence in the academic unit and perce…
Religion and Sexism: The Moderating Role of Participant Gender
Coping with discrimination in academia: Asian-American and Christian perspectives
Calling and conflict: The sanctification of work in working mothers
This study applies the construct of sanctification to working mothers' experiences of work. Women (N = 200) who had completed a master's, doctoral, or professional degree and were employed with at least one child under the age of 18 years residing in the home, completed an online survey investigating their sanctification of work, intrinsic religiosity, religious commitment, positive and negative affect, interrole conflict, and satisfaction with w…
Teaching Christian Integration in Psychology and Counseling: Current Status and Future Directions
In this article, we review the current status of theory and research on teaching Christian integration in psychology and counseling. Changes in student characteristics, emerging technologies, and paradigm shifts in the disciplines themselves predict unique opportunities and challenges for the future. We reflect upon directions integration learning theory and pedagogy should take in light of these considerations
Psychology (72 works) · Social Psychology (61 works) · Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology (55 works) · Sociology (42 works) · Psychotherapist (25 works) · Philosophy (21 works) · Developmental psychology (20 works) · Epistemology (20 works) · Theology (20 works) · Qualitative research (18 works)