Martin Lawn
Biographic Data
| ID | 690619 |
|---|---|
| NAME | Martin Lawn |
| GIVEN NAMES | Martin |
| FAMILY NAME | Lawn |
| SIGNATURE | LAWN M |
| AFFILIATIONS | University of Edinburgh |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-4564-7575 |
| VERIFIED | Yes |
| TOTAL WORKS | 44 |
| TOTAL CITATIONS | 193 |
| AUTHOR COUNT | 43 |
| EDITOR COUNT | 1 |
| FIRST PUBLICATION YEAR | 1984 |
| LATEST PUBLICATION YEAR | 2020 |
| H-INDEX | 8 |
Travel, translation, and governing in education: The role of Swedish actors in the shaping of the European education space
Within the field of history of education, there is a growing interest in the movement of influential actors and texts that have crossed national borders. One of the main driving forces for influence, knowledge, and innovation is comparison, a tool used within the governing of education in diverse ways and with different intensities, over time, to shape education systems. This article looks beyond dichotomies such as the national versus the Europe…
Governança da educação na União Europeia: Redes, dados e standards
A área da educação na União Europeia (UE) geralmente é vista como uma questão e responsabilidade nacional, uma área subsidiária, mas ao longo do tempo foi ocorrendo uma convergência de políticas das nações. A UE não comanda esta convergência; nem é capaz de fazê-lo, mas, cada vez mais, governa a área da educação em todos os estágios. O problema da governança, como opera e que ferramentas utiliza, é um caso interessante de uma área ambígua dentro …
Transfers and Implementations of a Swedish Manual Work Program: Sloyd and Entrepreneurial Power
Sloyd, a Swedish handwork programme for schools, beginning in the late years of the 19th century, was influential in Sweden but almost immediately it began to influence teachers and educators from other countries. This influence is explored in this paper. Using transnational historiography, the sites of influence, and the flow of people and texts, is explored. The focus here is on the circulations of ideas and practices between states, and in par…
Unesco without borders: Educational campaigns for international understanding
If historians of education have a default position it is usually focused on the workings of the nation state and its educational service. A ground rock of national studies and texts has defined sub
The Idea of the Visiting Inquiry in Comparative Education: The 1903 Mosely Commission and the United States
Through a study of a privately funded and ambitious inquiry into the education system of the United States, the relations between the development of comparative education as an activity and the governing of education systems in the early 20th century can be illuminated. The relations and interests of early comparativists were mobilized and enhanced by private funding and significant numbers of public actors in education were involved in comparati…
Inspectorates and Politics: The trajectories of school inspection in England and Scotland
Cet article étudie l’influence des changements de la gouvernance de l’éducation en Europe sur les trajectoires des inspections et se concentre pour cela sur le système d’inspection de l’Ofsted en Angleterre et sur celui de l’inspection de Sa Majesté en Écosse (HMIE). Pour établir cette comparaison, nous analysons d’abord les caractéristiques historiques propres à chaque inspection avant d’envisager les principaux changements du travail et du posi…
The Swedish schoolhouse: A case study in transnational influences in education at the 1870s world fairs
At the world exhibitions of the 1870s Sweden displayed a schoolhouse, with examples of teaching material and student work. How did Sweden ship an entire schoolhouse to these exhibitions? What impact did the schoolhouse have on visitors to the exhibition? The purpose of this article is to shed light on the transnational influences operating between Sweden and other countries at the world fairs of the 1870s, regarding both policy and practice forma…
Governing by inspection? European inspectorates and the creation of a European education policy space
This paper draws on the first, completed phase of a research project on inspection as governing in three European inspection systems. The data presented here draw attention to the rather under-researched associational activities of European inspectorates and their developing practices of policy learning and exchange, and highlight their significance as contributing to an emergent European Education Policy Space (EEPS). The paper is framed by orig…
The new model school of education: Thomson, Moray House and Teachers College, Columbia
The University of Edinburgh and Moray House teachers’ college began to develop a new model of research and teaching, institutionalised in a combined university department and teachers’ college, with a research laboratory and advanced research degree in the 1920s. This new institution was modelled on the innovative and influential Teachers College, within Columbia University, New York, and was driven by a strong Scottish demand for advanced practi…
Europeanizing Education: Governing a new policy space
Voir” comme l'État: La gouvernance contemporaine de l'éducation en Angleterre
La gouvernance de l’éducation en Angleterre s’observe comme ailleurs en Europe à travers les politiques publiques dont le choix de l’école et les nouveaux services aux élèves sont aujourd’hui les symboles. Pourtant, l’émergence de critères de performance et d’assurance-qualité et leurs besoins croissants de données ont entraîné la réorganisation des services éducatifs. Ce changement de gouvernance, effectué sur un rythme élevé, est plus un proces…
Introduction: Qualité, évaluation, européanisation et gouvernance de l'éducation
Ce dossier porte sur la production incessante de données pour suivre la qualité et la performance de l’éducation en Europe et sur leur interprétation en termes de gouvernance. Les contributeurs examinent dans quelle mesure ces données et le souci de l’assurance qualité et de l’évaluation qu’elles traduisent peuvent être lus comme une forme de fabrication, voire de gouvernance de l’éducation européenne. Ils s’appuient sur une recherche collaborati…
Governing through Data in English Education
In England, over the last decade, powerful technologies and software have enabled a new way of governing education through performance data. This has allowed the landscape of education to be reshaped. Its surface features continue but underneath new connections are made and older relations severed. Data flows travel between schools and central government through private company conduits. The local authority, “City”, studied here in a case study i…
Indisciplines of inquiry: The Scottish Children’s Story , documentary film and the construction of the viewer
The starting point for this article is a film about Scottish education, Children’s Story. Children’s Story was one of a group of seven documentaries made for the 1938 British Empire Exhibition in Glasgow, under the supervision of John Grierson. The film was an official entry into the Exhibition and is a formal display of key ideas and elements of Scottish education – past, present and (especially) future. The film will be used to raise questions …
Archival sources for Sir Godfrey Hilton Thomson
Sir Godfrey Hilton Thomson was Bell Professor of Education at the University of Edinburgh from 1925 until 1951. He was a prominent theorist of intelligence, statistician and psychometrician, educational researcher, deviser and distributor of intelligence tests, and worked on the issue of intelligence and family size as it affected the population. Despite his previous eminence, he has become an obscure figure. That is, partly, because there are fe…
Embedding the new science of research: The organised culture of Scottish educational research in the mid‐twentieth century
Educational research was established in the early decades of the twentieth century in many parts of Europe. The early years were the crucial years as they established dominant forms of inquiry, pioneer sites, and related artefacts, the tools and texts. This paper focuses on the early growth of research culture in education in Scotland, its subjects of study, and its key workers, texts and innovations, to illuminate one site of research developmen…
National policy brokering and the construction of the European Education Space in England, Sweden, Finland and Scotland
This paper draws on a comparative study of the growth of data and the changing governance of education in Europe. It looks at data and the ‘making’ of a European Education Policy Space, with a focus on ‘policy brokers’ in translating and mediating demands for data from the European Commission. It considers the ways in which such brokers use data production pressures from the Commission to justify policy directions in their national systems. The s…
North by northwest: Quality assurance and evaluation processes in European education
Governing processes in Europe and within Europeanization are often opaque and appearances can deceive. The normative practices of improvement in education, and the connected growth in performance measurement, have been largely understood in their own terms. However, the management of flows of information through quality assurance can be examined as a new form of governance, not just at the national level but within the broad policyscape of the Eu…
A Short History of Europeanizing Education: The New Political Work of Calculating the Future
(2009). A Short History of Europeanizing Education. European Education: Vol. 41, Looking Back, Looking Forward: Continuity and Change in Scholarship on European Education (part I), pp. 32-54
The New Production of Governing Knowledge
SozW Soziale Welt , Seite 353 - 369
A conversation between Charles Spearman, Godfrey Thomson, and Edward L. Thorndike: The International Examinations Inquiry Meetings 1931-1938
Even within appreciation of the fundamentally social nature of scientific activity (K. Danziger, 1990, p. 3), it is unusual to read what key scientists actually said to each other, directly or in audience. Here the authors describe, structure, illustrate, and interpret the verbatim statements made by, and a detailed conversation that took place between, Charles Spearman, Godfrey Thomson, and Edward Thorndike within the Carnegie-funded Internation…
Governing by network in Europe: Associations, educational research and social partnership
The coincident arrival of a European policy space in education and a European Educational Research Association [EERA], and their subsequent relation, will be the subject of this paper. EERA is a hybrid organization—it supports scientific networking, it is a social partner in EU policy, it is a first level social space for networking, and increasingly it is faced with acting in policy forums. It is scientific, public and professional but most of a…
Soft Governance and the Learning Spaces of Europe
Debate: Reading Educational Spaces: The Photographs of Paulo Catrica
spaces have multiplied, been broken up and have diversified. There are spaces today of every kind and every size, for every use and every function. To live is to pass from one space to another, w
The institute as network: The Scottish Council for Research in Education as a local and international phenomenon in the 1930s
Established in the late 1920s, the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) was a highly significant and influential institute for educational research, in both the scope and the methodology of its work, in Scotland and abroad. It was one of the first of a new kind of institution; it signalled the rise of specialized research institutes, outside the university yet closely connected to academic work and to the governing of education, acro…
National policy brokering and the construction of the European Education Space in England, Sweden, Finland and Scotland
This paper draws on a comparative study of the growth of data and the changing governance of education in Europe. It looks at data and the ‘making’ of a European Education Policy Space, with a focus on ‘policy brokers’ in translating and mediating demands for data from the European Commission. It considers the ways in which such brokers use data production pressures from the Commission to justify policy directions in their national systems. The s…
Soft Governance and the Learning Spaces of Europe
Schoolwork: Interpreting the labour process of teaching
In 1981 we gave a paper at the International Sociology of Education Conference at Westhill, subsequently published as ‘The Educational Worker1? A Reassessment of Teachers’, which was a polemic on the subject of teacher professionalism and proletarianisation. This paper is partly a critique of ‘The Educational Worker’, following from a belated recognition of the importance of gender in analysing teachers’ work, and also makes use of more recent hi…
The New Production of Governing Knowledge
SozW Soziale Welt , Seite 353 - 369
The ‘Usefulness’ of Learning: The struggle over governance, meaning and the European education space
The creation of a distinctive and useful European education policy space is a necessary part of the project of Europeanization in the European Union. A ‘European education area’ is fundamental to the contemporary structuring of the European Union; it announces the arrival of a major discursive space, centred on education in which the legitimation, steering and shaping of European governance is being played out. This article explores the problem o…
Unequal Partners: Teachers under indirect rule
This paper argues for a historical analysis of the relationship between teachers and the state. The historical analysis demonstrates the ways in which strategies of teacher management shifted according to circumstances. In the first period, the 1920s, restrictions on teacher autonomy were removed, and ‘indirect rule’ used as a means of moving teachers away from the labour movement. In the second period, after the 1944 Act, a restricted ‘professio…
Teachers, Professionalism and Class: A Study of Organized Teachers
Governing by inspection? European inspectorates and the creation of a European education policy space
This paper draws on the first, completed phase of a research project on inspection as governing in three European inspection systems. The data presented here draw attention to the rather under-researched associational activities of European inspectorates and their developing practices of policy learning and exchange, and highlight their significance as contributing to an emergent European Education Policy Space (EEPS). The paper is framed by orig…
A Short History of Europeanizing Education: The New Political Work of Calculating the Future
(2009). A Short History of Europeanizing Education. European Education: Vol. 41, Looking Back, Looking Forward: Continuity and Change in Scholarship on European Education (part I), pp. 32-54
Governing through Data in English Education
In England, over the last decade, powerful technologies and software have enabled a new way of governing education through performance data. This has allowed the landscape of education to be reshaped. Its surface features continue but underneath new connections are made and older relations severed. Data flows travel between schools and central government through private company conduits. The local authority, “City”, studied here in a case study i…
North by northwest: Quality assurance and evaluation processes in European education
Governing processes in Europe and within Europeanization are often opaque and appearances can deceive. The normative practices of improvement in education, and the connected growth in performance measurement, have been largely understood in their own terms. However, the management of flows of information through quality assurance can be examined as a new form of governance, not just at the national level but within the broad policyscape of the Eu…
Borderless Education: Imagining a European education space in a time of brands and networks
(2001). Borderless Education: Imagining a European education space in a time of brands and networks. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 173-184
Introduction: Qualité, évaluation, européanisation et gouvernance de l'éducation
Ce dossier porte sur la production incessante de données pour suivre la qualité et la performance de l’éducation en Europe et sur leur interprétation en termes de gouvernance. Les contributeurs examinent dans quelle mesure ces données et le souci de l’assurance qualité et de l’évaluation qu’elles traduisent peuvent être lus comme une forme de fabrication, voire de gouvernance de l’éducation européenne. Ils s’appuient sur une recherche collaborati…
Restructuring teaching in the USA and England: Moving towards the differentiated, flexible teacher
This paper examines the place of teacher restructuring in school reform in England and the USA. It contrasts the language of reform with the shifting conditions of work in teaching and suggests that school reform is underpinned by the rise of differentiation and flexibility in teachers’ work. Lastly, it contrasts the response of the teacher unions to reform and restructuring
Embedding the new science of research: The organised culture of Scottish educational research in the mid‐twentieth century
Educational research was established in the early decades of the twentieth century in many parts of Europe. The early years were the crucial years as they established dominant forms of inquiry, pioneer sites, and related artefacts, the tools and texts. This paper focuses on the early growth of research culture in education in Scotland, its subjects of study, and its key workers, texts and innovations, to illuminate one site of research developmen…
Imagining a Project: Networks, Discourses and Spaces — Towards a New Archaeology of Urban Education
This paper is concerned with the creation of new forms of historical research in education which uses and reflects the changes in methodology and substantive concerns of other disciplines across the shifting boundaries of scholarly work on the social. It is based upon a practice developed out of a series of international seminars and an unfunded research proposal. It is an attempt to use contemporary theory in cultural studies, geography and the …
Unesco without borders: Educational campaigns for international understanding
If historians of education have a default position it is usually focused on the workings of the nation state and its educational service. A ground rock of national studies and texts has defined sub
The Swedish schoolhouse: A case study in transnational influences in education at the 1870s world fairs
At the world exhibitions of the 1870s Sweden displayed a schoolhouse, with examples of teaching material and student work. How did Sweden ship an entire schoolhouse to these exhibitions? What impact did the schoolhouse have on visitors to the exhibition? The purpose of this article is to shed light on the transnational influences operating between Sweden and other countries at the world fairs of the 1870s, regarding both policy and practice forma…
Governing by network in Europe: Associations, educational research and social partnership
The coincident arrival of a European policy space in education and a European Educational Research Association [EERA], and their subsequent relation, will be the subject of this paper. EERA is a hybrid organization—it supports scientific networking, it is a social partner in EU policy, it is a first level social space for networking, and increasingly it is faced with acting in policy forums. It is scientific, public and professional but most of a…
The institute as network: The Scottish Council for Research in Education as a local and international phenomenon in the 1930s
Established in the late 1920s, the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) was a highly significant and influential institute for educational research, in both the scope and the methodology of its work, in Scotland and abroad. It was one of the first of a new kind of institution; it signalled the rise of specialized research institutes, outside the university yet closely connected to academic work and to the governing of education, acro…
Educating Our Masters: Influences on the Growth of Literacy in Victorian Working Class Children
The new model school of education: Thomson, Moray House and Teachers College, Columbia
The University of Edinburgh and Moray House teachers’ college began to develop a new model of research and teaching, institutionalised in a combined university department and teachers’ college, with a research laboratory and advanced research degree in the 1920s. This new institution was modelled on the innovative and influential Teachers College, within Columbia University, New York, and was driven by a strong Scottish demand for advanced practi…
Voir” comme l'État: La gouvernance contemporaine de l'éducation en Angleterre
La gouvernance de l’éducation en Angleterre s’observe comme ailleurs en Europe à travers les politiques publiques dont le choix de l’école et les nouveaux services aux élèves sont aujourd’hui les symboles. Pourtant, l’émergence de critères de performance et d’assurance-qualité et leurs besoins croissants de données ont entraîné la réorganisation des services éducatifs. Ce changement de gouvernance, effectué sur un rythme élevé, est plus un proces…
Archival sources for Sir Godfrey Hilton Thomson
Sir Godfrey Hilton Thomson was Bell Professor of Education at the University of Edinburgh from 1925 until 1951. He was a prominent theorist of intelligence, statistician and psychometrician, educational researcher, deviser and distributor of intelligence tests, and worked on the issue of intelligence and family size as it affected the population. Despite his previous eminence, he has become an obscure figure. That is, partly, because there are fe…
Imaging Past Schooling: The Necessity for Montage
(2000). Imaging Past Schooling: The Necessity for Montage. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 71-85
Teachers, Professionalism and Class: A Study of Organized Teachers
Making Sociologists Confess
We have used these two books to review our own practice in a College of Education, as they both deal with ethnography and the research process and it is in these areas that we believe we make our most effective contribution to the training of teachers. In one sense, our own work mainly consists of teaching and not researching and yet we view them both as complementary and overlapping activities. We would probably extend that view by arguing that …
Unequal Partners: Teachers under indirect rule
This paper argues for a historical analysis of the relationship between teachers and the state. The historical analysis demonstrates the ways in which strategies of teacher management shifted according to circumstances. In the first period, the 1920s, restrictions on teacher autonomy were removed, and ‘indirect rule’ used as a means of moving teachers away from the labour movement. In the second period, after the 1944 Act, a restricted ‘professio…
Educating Our Masters: Influences on the Growth of Literacy in Victorian Working Class Children
The Politics of Teacher Unionism. International Perspectives
The sociology of teaching, understood in its structural, institutional and political aspects as well as in relation to the processes of the school and classroom, is at last finding a significant place within the sociology of education. This important collection of original papers will do much to consolidate that position. The social and political study of teachers has suffered in the past from theoretical and empirical limitations which have marg…
Schoolwork: Interpreting the labour process of teaching
In 1981 we gave a paper at the International Sociology of Education Conference at Westhill, subsequently published as ‘The Educational Worker1? A Reassessment of Teachers’, which was a polemic on the subject of teacher professionalism and proletarianisation. This paper is partly a critique of ‘The Educational Worker’, following from a belated recognition of the importance of gender in analysing teachers’ work, and also makes use of more recent hi…
The Politics of Teacher Unionism. International Perspectives
Beyond the Stable State
Emerging as a Teacher
Encouraging License and Insolence in the Classroom: Imagining a pedagogic shift
This paper is concerned with the difficulties of trying to discern changes in classroom practice in the past. Its focus is on past pedagogy and ways of studying it. It is part of a continuing project on the silent social history of the classroom and the paper is used as an opportunity to raise questions about collecting data and validating a methodology for this project. In the relative absence of teacher accounts of pedagogy in their elementary …
Restructuring teaching in the USA and England: Moving towards the differentiated, flexible teacher
This paper examines the place of teacher restructuring in school reform in England and the USA. It contrasts the language of reform with the shifting conditions of work in teaching and suggests that school reform is underpinned by the rise of differentiation and flexibility in teachers’ work. Lastly, it contrasts the response of the teacher unions to reform and restructuring
Imagining a Project: Networks, Discourses and Spaces — Towards a New Archaeology of Urban Education
This paper is concerned with the creation of new forms of historical research in education which uses and reflects the changes in methodology and substantive concerns of other disciplines across the shifting boundaries of scholarly work on the social. It is based upon a practice developed out of a series of international seminars and an unfunded research proposal. It is an attempt to use contemporary theory in cultural studies, geography and the …
Imaging Past Schooling: The Necessity for Montage
(2000). Imaging Past Schooling: The Necessity for Montage. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 71-85
Extended Review
Extended Review
Borderless Education: Imagining a European education space in a time of brands and networks
(2001). Borderless Education: Imagining a European education space in a time of brands and networks. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 173-184
Constructing a European Policy Space in Educational Governance: The Role of Transnational Policy Actors
Educational policy is no longer, if it ever was, the product of the nation state alone. In Europe, significant policy actors in education are working today face to face and virtually in joint governmental projects and networking translating, mediating and constructing educational policies. The existence of this new social sphere of work, in which the construction of Europe is paramount, served by the regular communications and intimate work relat…
Fabricating Europe: The Formation of an Education Space
The ‘Usefulness’ of Learning: The struggle over governance, meaning and the European education space
The creation of a distinctive and useful European education policy space is a necessary part of the project of Europeanization in the European Union. A ‘European education area’ is fundamental to the contemporary structuring of the European Union; it announces the arrival of a major discursive space, centred on education in which the legitimation, steering and shaping of European governance is being played out. This article explores the problem o…
Debate: Reading Educational Spaces: The Photographs of Paulo Catrica
spaces have multiplied, been broken up and have diversified. There are spaces today of every kind and every size, for every use and every function. To live is to pass from one space to another, w
The institute as network: The Scottish Council for Research in Education as a local and international phenomenon in the 1930s
Established in the late 1920s, the Scottish Council for Research in Education (SCRE) was a highly significant and influential institute for educational research, in both the scope and the methodology of its work, in Scotland and abroad. It was one of the first of a new kind of institution; it signalled the rise of specialized research institutes, outside the university yet closely connected to academic work and to the governing of education, acro…
Soft Governance and the Learning Spaces of Europe
Governing by network in Europe: Associations, educational research and social partnership
The coincident arrival of a European policy space in education and a European Educational Research Association [EERA], and their subsequent relation, will be the subject of this paper. EERA is a hybrid organization—it supports scientific networking, it is a social partner in EU policy, it is a first level social space for networking, and increasingly it is faced with acting in policy forums. It is scientific, public and professional but most of a…
A conversation between Charles Spearman, Godfrey Thomson, and Edward L. Thorndike: The International Examinations Inquiry Meetings 1931-1938
Even within appreciation of the fundamentally social nature of scientific activity (K. Danziger, 1990, p. 3), it is unusual to read what key scientists actually said to each other, directly or in audience. Here the authors describe, structure, illustrate, and interpret the verbatim statements made by, and a detailed conversation that took place between, Charles Spearman, Godfrey Thomson, and Edward Thorndike within the Carnegie-funded Internation…
National policy brokering and the construction of the European Education Space in England, Sweden, Finland and Scotland
This paper draws on a comparative study of the growth of data and the changing governance of education in Europe. It looks at data and the ‘making’ of a European Education Policy Space, with a focus on ‘policy brokers’ in translating and mediating demands for data from the European Commission. It considers the ways in which such brokers use data production pressures from the Commission to justify policy directions in their national systems. The s…
Sociology (34 works) · Political science (32 works) · Law (21 works) · Global Educational Policies and Reforms (18 works) · Law (15 works) · Epistemology (12 works) · Public Administration (12 works) · Social science (12 works) · Economics (11 works) · Educator Training and Historical Pedagogy (11 works)